GRAMMAR - THEORY + VOCAB

Question 1

declension and conjugation are called the same in Greek -
the word is…?

Answer 1

κλίση

Question 2

declension:
each different form a declinable word may have is called a…

Answer 2

case
πτώση

Question 3

declension:
there are four cases in Greek:

Answer 3

• nominative
• genitive
• accusative
• vocative

Question 4

the nominative and the vocative are called what type of a case
and how do you say that in Greek?

Answer 4

a direct case
ορθη πτώση
orthí ptósi

Question 5

declension:
the genitive and the accusative are called
what type of a case and how to call it in Greek?

Answer 5

oblique cases
πλάγιες πτώσεις

Question 6

declension:
the nominative
a direct - or straight - case
Why?

Answer 6

Because it indicates that the word is the base, or starting point.
‘straight’ because words outside the nominative ‘fall’.

Question 7

declension:
cases other than the nominative are called what type of case?

Answer 7

bent cases
While the nominative is likened to a straight stick,
the other cases are likened to a falling stick.
These are the genitive and accusative cases.

Question 8

double vowels - review!

Answer 8

Question 9

double consonents - review!

Answer 9

Question 10

What are the respective functions of the four declensions?

Answer 10

• Nominative Case (subject): This is the case of the subject of a sentence. It’s what we use when the noun is the one performing the action. For example, “The cat (subject) is sleeping.”
• Genitive Case (possession, origin): The genitive case indicates possession, origin, or source. It’s often used to show something belongs to or comes from something else. For example, “The book (genitive) of the student.”
• Dative Case (indirect object, location): The dative case typically represents the indirect object, showing to whom or for whom the action is done. It can also indicate location or the recipient of an action. For example, “I gave the gift (dative) to my friend.”
• Accusative Case (direct object): The accusative case marks the direct object of a sentence, the receiver of the action. It’s the noun that’s being acted upon by the subject. For example, “She is reading the book (accusative).”
• Vocative Case (addressing): The vocative case is used for addressing or calling someone or something. It’s often used in direct speech or when you’re talking directly to a person or thing. For example, “John (vocative), could you pass the salt?”