Grammatica

Question 1

عامل و معْمول
عمل

Answer 1

governing and governed
state

Question 2

Utterance (لفظ) has either no meaning or meaning

Answer 2

no meaning = مهمل
meaning = مُسْتَعمل

Question 3

An utterance with meaning (مستعمل) is further divided in two categories

Answer 3

Single words = مفرد
مركب = Compound

Question 4

The single word (مفرد) is also named كلمة and is divided in three categories

Answer 4

اسم
فعل
حرف

Question 5

Compound, or fragments (مركب) are divided in two

Answer 5

مفيد
غير مفيد

Question 6

definite & indefinite ?

Answer 6

definite is معرِفَةٌ
indefinite is نكِرَةٌ

Question 7

4 categories ofمركب غير مفيد

Answer 7

1. annexed compound (مُرَكَّب اضاف)
   *fragment not always indicating possession
   e.g. بَعْدَ العغربِ
   some fragments denoting possession aren’t اضاف constructs
2. adjective compound (مركب تَوْصِيفي)
   Composed of one qualified noun (مَوْصوف) and minimum one adjective (صِفَة)
3. indeclinable compound (مركب بِنائِي)
   Two words originally separated by a conjunction, like احد عشر
4. constructed compound (مركب مَنْع صرف)
   Two words forming a new word

Question 8

مركب مفيد (sentence)
Two types

Answer 8

1. Informative sentence جملة خَبَرِيَة
2. Affective sentence جملة اِنْشائِيَة

Question 9

جملة خبرية

Answer 9

1. Nominal sentence جملة اسمية
2. Verbal sentence جملة فِعْلِيَة

Question 10

جملة اسمية

Answer 10

مبتداء + خبر
They have to agree in gender and number
They are both مرفوع
The خبر can either be a sentence or a single word

Question 11

جملة فعلية

Answer 11

There is no فِعل without a فاعل, whether it’s hidden or apparent
The فاعل never precede the فعل

There can be a مفهول به if the verb is مُتَعَدي (transitive)

Question 12

Categories of indeclinable words (6)

Answer 12

1. All particles
2. Past tense verb
3. Imperative (second person active)
4. The two feminine plurals of the perfect tense
5. Any verb suffixed with the emphatic ن
6. Indeclinable nouns (أَسْماء غَيْر مُتَمَكِّنَة)

Question 13

(8) أسماء غير متمكّنة

Answer 13

pronouns ضمائر
demonstrative pronouns اسماء اِشارات
relative pronouns اسماء مَوْصولة
onomatopoeical nounsاسماء اَصْوات
adverbs of time and place اسماء ظروف
nouns resembling verbs اسماء اَفْعال
nouns of number اسماء كِنايات
indeclinable construct مركب بِنائي

Question 14

Types of definite nouns (7)

Answer 14

1. personal pronouns مُضْمَرات
2. names علم
3. demonstrative pronouns اسماء اشارات
4. relative pronouns اسماء مَوْصولة
5. nouns prefixed with the definite article المُعَرَّف بِالام
6. nouns that are preceded by the vocative particle المُعَرَّف بِنِداء
7. indefinite nouns when annexed with definite nouns

Question 15

مُئَنَّث signs of

Answer 15

1. pronounced tā التاء مَلْفوظة
2. the shortened alif الالف المقصورة
3. the lengthened alif الالف الممدودة
4. the implied tā التاء المقدرة

Question 16

Inflection (اعراب) shows in 3 ways

Answer 16

Explicit لفظي
Implicit تقديري
Omission حَدْفي (verbs)

Question 17

Main reasons for تقديري inflection

Answer 17

ثقل
تعدُر
اشتِغال المحل بالهركة المناسبة

Question 18

رفع — ضمة لفظي
نصب —فتحة لفظي
جر —كسرة لفظي

Answer 18

Singular sound declinable nouns
Singular quasi sound declinable nouns (ناقص and middle letter is ساكن)
Declinable broken plural (رِجال)

Question 19

رفع — ضمة لفظي
نصب — كسرة لفظي
جر — كسرة لفظي

Answer 19

Sound feminine plural

Question 20

رفع — ضمة لفظي
نصب — فتحة لفظي
*جر — فتحة لفظي

Answer 20

Diptote

Accepts kasra in two scenarios
ال
مضاف

Question 21

رفع — واو لفظي
نصب — الف لفظي
جر — ياء لفظي

Answer 21

6 special nouns

Conditions for this speciality
1. has to be مفرد
2. has to be مضاف except the ياء متكلم
3. can’t be a diminutive مُكَبَرَة

Question 22

رفع — الف لفظي
نصب — ya preceded by fatha
جر — ya preceded by fatha

Answer 22

Real dual
Visual dual
Number dual

Question 23

رفع — واو لفظي
نصب — ya preceded by kasra
جر — ya preceded by kasra

Answer 23

Real masculine plural
Visual masculine plural
Number plural

Only 3 scenarios of جر
مضاف اليه
preceded by a preposition
follower of a مجرور noun

Question 24

رفع — ضمة تقديري
نصب — فتحة تقديري
جر — كسرة لفظي

Answer 24

The shortened noun
Nouns (other than sound masculine plural) annexed ياء متكلم person pronoun

Question 25

تعذر

Answer 25

reason for prevention of لفظي هركة for the shortened noun ends in a necessary alif not a hamza, alif is essentially ساكن

Question 26

ِاشتِغال المحل بالهركة المُناسبة

Answer 26

reason for prevention of لفظي هركة necessary كسرة due to the ياء متكلم (occupied with another هركة)

Question 27

ثِقَل

Answer 27

means heavy ناقص word ends with ي part of root letter

Question 28

رفع — ضمة تقديري نصب — فتحة لفظي جر — كسرة تقديري

Answer 28

Defective noun اسم فاعل of ناقص