Grammer Deck

Question 1

Instead of using somebody, they, people etc., write a passive sentence.

The price includes all taxes.

Answer 1

All taxes are included in the price.

“All taxes” becomes the subject, and “are included” is used in the passive voice to match the present tense of “includes.”

U42

Question 2

Instead of using somebody, they, people etc., write a passive sentence.

How do you use this word?

Answer 2

How is this word used?

The object “this word” becomes the subject, and since it’s a general fact, we use “is used” in the passive.

U42

Question 3

Instead of using somebody, they, people etc., write a passive sentence.

Somebody accused me of stealing money.

Answer 3

I was accused of stealing money.

“Somebody” is omitted, and “I” becomes the subject. Since this happened in the past, “was accused” is used.

U42

Question 4

Instead of using somebody, they, people etc., write a passive sentence.

They cancelled all flights because of fog.

Answer 4

All flights were cancelled because of fog.

“They” is removed, and “all flights” becomes the subject. Since this happened in the past, we use “were cancelled.”

U42

Question 5

Instead of using somebody, they, people etc., write a passive sentence.

Somebody cleans the room every day.

Answer 5

The room is cleaned every day.

Since “somebody” is performing the action, we make it passive by shifting the focus to “the room” as the subject, using “is cleaned.”

U42

Question 6

Put the verb into the correct form, present or past, active or passive.

a. I haven’t seen these flowers before. What ……………..(they / call)?
b. I haven’t seen these flowers before. What ……………..(you / call) them?

Answer 6

a. are they called
b. do you call

“Are they called” is passive because the flowers are receiving the action. “Do you call” is active because the subject “you” is performing the action.

U42

Question 7

Put the verb into the correct form, present or past, active or passive.

a. Maria had an accident. She ……………..(knock) off her bike.
b. Maria had an accident. She ……………..(fall) off her bike.

Answer 7

a. was knocked
b. fell

“Was knocked” is passive because Maria didn’t knock herself off the bike. “Fell” is active because she performed the action herself.

U42

Question 8

Put the verb into the correct form, present or past, active or passive.

a. It can be noisy living here, but it ……………..(not / bother) me.
b. It can be noisy living here, but I ……………..(not / bother) by it.

Answer 8

a. does not bother
b. am not bothered

“Does not bother” is active because “it” is the subject doing the action. “Am not bothered” is passive because the speaker is receiving the action.

U42

Keep going, you’re amazing! 🚀

Question 9

Put the verb into the correct form, present or past, active or passive.

a. Bill ……………..(fire) from his job. He wasn’t very good at it.
b. Sue ……………..(resign) from her job because she didn’t enjoy it anymore.

Answer 9

a. was fired
b. resigned

“Was fired” is passive because the action was done to Bill. “Resigned” is active because Sue performed the action herself.

U42

Stay awesome! 🌈

Question 10

Put the verb into the correct form, present or past, active or passive.

a. The boat hit a rock and ……………..(sink) quickly.
b. Fortunately, everybody ……………..(rescue).

Answer 10

a. sank
b. was rescued

“Sank” is active because the boat itself performed the action. “Was rescued” is passive because someone else performed the action of rescuing.

U42

Question 11

Put the verb into the correct form, present or past, active or passive.

a. Robert’s parents ……………..(die) when he was very young.
b. Robert and his sister ……………..(bring up) by their grandparents.

Answer 11

a. died
b. were brought up

“Died” is active because Robert’s parents experienced the action. “Were brought up” is passive since Robert and his sister were raised by their grandparents.

U42

Question 12

Put the verb into the correct form, present or past, active or passive.

a. While I was on holiday, my camera ……………..(steal) from my hotel room.
b. While I was on holiday, my camera ……………..(disappear) from my hotel room.

Answer 12

a. was stolen
b. disappeared

“Was stolen” is used because the camera is the object of the action (passive). “Disappeared” is intransitive, meaning no object is needed, so we use the active past form.

U42

Question 13

Put the verb into the correct form, present or past, active or passive.

a. Water ……………..(cover) most of the earth’s surface.
b. How much of the earth’s surface ……………..(cover) by water?

Answer 13

a. covers
b. is covered

The first sentence is active because “water” is the subject doing the action. In the second sentence, the earth’s surface is receiving the action, so we use the passive form “is covered.”

U42

Question 14

Put the verb into the correct form, present or past, active or passive.

a. Two hundred people ……………..(employ) by the company.
b. The company ……………..(employ) 200 people.

Answer 14

a. are employed
b. employs

Since “people” is the object receiving the action, we use the passive form “are employed.” In the second sentence, “the company” is performing the action, so we use the active form “employs.”

U42

Question 15

Put the verb into the correct form, present or past, active or passive.

a. Two hundred people ……………..(employ) by the company.
b. The company ……………..(employ) 200 people.

Answer 15

a. are employed
b. employs

Since “people” is the object receiving the action, we use the passive form “are employed.” In the second sentence, “the company” is performing the action, so we use the active form “employs.”

U42

Question 16

Write a question using the passive.

Ask about silver. (what / use for?)

Answer 16

What is silver used for?

Silver has many uses, such as in jewelry, electronics, and medicine. Since this is a general fact, the present passive “is used” is the correct form.

U42

You’ve got this! 💪

Question 17

Write a question using the passive.

Ask about DNA. (when / discover?)

Answer 17

When was DNA discovered?

DNA was discovered in the past, with key contributions from scientists like Friedrich Miescher and later Watson & Crick. Since this is a past event, the past passive “was discovered” is used.

U42

Keep shining! ✨

Question 18

Write a question using the passive.

Ask about mountains. (how / form?)

Answer 18

How are mountains formed?

Explanation: This is a passive question. Instead of saying “Who forms mountains?” (active), we use the passive voice to focus on the object (mountains) rather than the doer. The structure is:
How + are (passive verb ‘to be’) + past participle (‘formed’) + ?

U42

Question 19

Write a question using the passive.

Ask about television. (when / invent?)

Answer 19

When was television invented?
Explanation: This is a passive voice question. The focus is on the object (television), not the person who invented it. The structure is:
When + was (past form of “to be”) + past participle (“invented”) + ?

Question 20

Write a question using the passive.

Ask about glass. (how / make?)

Answer 20

How is glass made?
Explanation: This is a passive voice question. The focus is on the object (glass) rather than who makes it. The structure is:
How + is (present passive of “to be”) + past participle (“made”) + ?

U42

Question 21

The company I work for ____ (own) by a much larger company.

Answer 21

The company I work for is owned by a much larger company.
Explanation: This sentence uses the passive voice in the present simple tense. The subject (the company) receives the action (is owned), and the structure is:
Subject + is (present form of “to be”) + past participle (“owned”).

U42

Question 22

I never received the letter. It ____ (send) to the wrong address.

Answer 22

It was sent to the wrong address.
Explanation: This is a passive sentence in the past simple tense. The subject (it, referring to the letter) receives the action (was sent). The structure is:
Subject + was (past form of “to be”) + past participle (“sent”).

U42

Question 23

You can’t see the house from the road. It ____ (surround) by trees.

Answer 23

It is surrounded by trees.
Explanation: This is a passive sentence in the present simple tense. The subject (it, referring to the house) receives the action (is surrounded). The structure is:
Subject + is (present form of “to be”) + past participle (“surrounded”).

U42

Question 24

There was an accident last night, but fortunately nobody ____ (injure).

Answer 24

was injured

Since the event is in the past, we use “was injured” to describe what happened.

U42

Question 25

In the US, elections for president ____ (hold) every four years.

Answer 25

are held Elections don’t hold themselves; they are conducted every four years, so passive voice is used. U42

Question 26

Although we were driving fast, we ____ (overtake) by a lot of other cars.

Answer 26

were overtaken The past passive is used here because something happened to us in the past—we were overtaken by other cars. U42 Keep going, you’re amazing! 🚀

Question 27

This plant is very rare. It ____ (find) in very few places.

Answer 27

is found Since we are talking about a general fact, present passive “is found” is used. U42

Question 28

You ____ (invite) to the party. Why didn’t you go?

Answer 28

were invited Since someone else invited you in the past, the correct passive form is “were invited.” U42

Question 29

A cinema is a place where films ____ (show).

Answer 29

are shown Films don’t show themselves; they are displayed in cinemas, making passive voice the right choice. U42

Question 30

The roof of the building ____ (damage) in a storm a few days ago.

Answer 30

was damaged Since the event happened in the past, we use “was damaged” in the past passive form. U42

Question 31

Cheese ____ (make) from milk.

Answer 31

is made Cheese is a product that is created from milk, so passive voice is appropriate. U42

Question 32

Many accidents ____ (cause) by careless driving.

Answer 32

are caused U42

Question 33

Dan didn’t do well at school, so he couldn’t go to university. If Dan _________, he would have gone to university.

Answer 33

**If Dan had done well at school, he would have gone to university.** *Explanation:* This is a third conditional sentence, used to talk about an unreal past situation and its possible result. The structure is: **If + past perfect (had done)**, **would have + past participle (gone)**. U40

Question 34

I didn’t get a taxi because I didn’t have enough money. If I _________, I would have gotten a taxi.

Answer 34

**If I had had enough money, I would have gotten a taxi.** *Explanation:* This is a third conditional sentence. It describes a past situation that didn’t happen. The structure is: **If + past perfect (had had)**, **would have + past participle (gotten)**. U40

Question 35

You didn’t have any breakfast – that’s why you’re hungry now. If you _________, you wouldn’t be hungry now.

Answer 35

**If you had had breakfast, you wouldn’t be hungry now.** *Explanation:* This is a mixed conditional sentence. It talks about a past action (**had had breakfast**) and its present result (**you wouldn’t be hungry now**). The structure is: **If + past perfect**, **wouldn’t be + present state**. U40

Question 36

Karen wasn’t injured in the crash because, fortunately, she was wearing a seat belt. If she _________, she would have been injured.

Answer 36

**If she hadn’t been wearing a seat belt, she would have been injured.** *Explanation:* This is a third conditional sentence. It refers to a past situation and its hypothetical result. The structure is: **If + past perfect (hadn’t been wearing)**, **would have + past participle (been injured)**. U40

Question 37

Unfortunately, I lost my phone, so I couldn’t call you. If I _________, I would have called you.

Answer 37

**If I hadn’t lost my phone, I would have called you.** *Explanation:* This is a third conditional sentence, used to express a past regret and its possible outcome. The structure is: **If + past perfect (hadn’t lost)**, **would have + past participle (called)**. U40

Question 38

I didn’t know that you had to get up early, so I didn’t wake you up. If I _________, I would have woken you up.

Answer 38

**If I had known that you had to get up early, I would have woken you up.** *Explanation:* This is a third conditional sentence, used to talk about an unreal past situation. The structure is: **If + past perfect (had known)**, **would have + past participle (woken)**. U40

Question 39

The accident happened because the road was icy. If the road _________, the accident wouldn’t have happened.

Answer 39

**If the road hadn’t been icy, the accident wouldn’t have happened.** *Explanation:* This is a third conditional sentence. It describes a past unreal condition (**hadn’t been icy**) and its imagined result (**wouldn’t have happened**). The structure is: **If + past perfect**, **wouldn’t have + past participle**. U40

Question 40

I wasn’t hungry, so I didn’t eat anything. If _________, I would have eaten something.

Answer 40

**If I had been hungry, I would have eaten something.** *Explanation:* This is a third conditional sentence. It talks about a past condition that wasn’t true and its possible result. The structure is: **If + past perfect (had been)**, **would have + past participle (eaten)**. U40

Question 41

I wasn’t tired last night. If _________ (I / be) tired, I would have gone home earlier.

Answer 41

**If I had been tired, I would have gone home earlier.** *Explanation:* This is a third conditional sentence. It talks about an unreal past situation and its possible result. The structure is: **If + past perfect (had been)**, **would have + past participle (gone)**. U40

Question 42

I’m not tired. If _________ (I / be) tired, I’d go home now.

Answer 42

**If I were tired, I’d go home now.** *Explanation:* This is a second conditional sentence. It talks about a hypothetical situation in the present. The structure is: **If + past simple (were)**, **would (’d) + base verb (go)**. Note: “Were” is used instead of “was” in formal and unreal conditional sentences, even with “I.” U40

Question 43

Why didn’t you tell me about your problem? If _________ (you / tell) me, _________ (I / try) to help you.

Answer 43

**If you had told me, I would have tried to help you.** *Explanation:* This is a third conditional sentence. It talks about something that didn’t happen in the past and its possible result. The structure is: **If + past perfect (had told)**, **would have + past participle (tried)**. U40

Question 44

Sorry we’re late. Our taxi got stuck in the traffic. It _________ (be) quicker if _________ (we / walk).

Answer 44

**It would have been quicker if we had walked.** *Explanation:* This is a third conditional sentence. It refers to a past situation and imagines a different outcome. The structure is: **Would have been + past participle** in the main clause, and **If + past perfect (had walked)** in the if-clause. U40

Question 45

Their trip was OK, but _________ (they / enjoy) it more if the weather _________ (be) better.

Answer 45

**Their trip was OK, but they would have enjoyed it more if the weather had been better.** *Explanation:* This is a third conditional sentence. It talks about a past situation and imagines a better outcome. The structure is: **Would have + past participle (would have enjoyed)** in the main clause, and **If + past perfect (had been)** in the if-clause. U40

Question 46

I didn’t have your email address, so I couldn’t contact you. If _________ (I / have) your email address, _________ (I / send) you an email.

Answer 46

**If I had had your email address, I would have sent you an email.** *Explanation:* This is a third conditional sentence. It expresses a past unreal situation and its possible result. The structure is: **If + past perfect (had had)**, **would have + past participle (sent)**. U40

Question 47

Kusumawathi got to the station just in time to catch her train to the airport. If ___________(she / miss) the train, ___________(she / miss) her flight too.

Answer 47

**If she had missed the train, she would have missed her flight too.** *Explanation:* This is a third conditional sentence. It talks about an unreal past situation and its possible result. The structure is: **If + past perfect (had missed)**, **would have + past participle (missed)**. U40

Question 48

I didn’t see you. If ______ (I / see) you, _________ (I / say) hello.

Answer 48

**If I had seen you, I would have said hello.** *Explanation:* This is a third conditional sentence. It expresses regret about a past event. The structure is: **If + past perfect (had seen)**, **would have + past participle (said)**. U40

Question 49

Complete the sentences with used to + a suitable verb. Sophie _______ a motorbike, but last year she sold it and bought a car.

Answer 49

Sophie **used to ride** a motorbike, but last year she sold it and bought a car. *Explanation:* We use **"used to + verb"** to talk about something that was true or happened regularly in the past but no longer happens.

Question 50

Write questions. Use the present continuous. What's all that noise? ________________(what/happen?)

Answer 50

What's happening? - This is using the present continuous tense to ask about an action in progress right now. The present continuous is formed with 'be' + -ing form of the verb (be + happening). U1

Question 51

Write questions. Use the present continuous. What's the matter? _________________________(why / you / cry?)

Answer 51

Why are you crying? - Uses present continuous to ask about an ongoing action (crying). The prompt asks for 'why' to find out the reason for the emotional state. U1

Question 52

Write questions. Use the present continuous. Where's your mother? (she / work / today?)

Answer 52

Is she working today? - Uses present continuous to ask about an activity happening today but not necessarily at this exact moment. U1

Question 53

Write questions. Use the present continuous. I haven't seen you for ages. (what / you / do / these days?)

Answer 53

What are you doing these days? - Uses present continuous for asking about temporary activities or routines in the current period of life. U1

Question 54

Write questions. Use the present continuous. Amy is a student. (what / she / study?)

Answer 54

What is she studying? - Uses present continuous to ask about ongoing educational focus. The verb 'study' in present continuous form indicates the current field of study. U1

Question 55

Write questions. Use the present continuous. Who are those people? (what / they / do?)

Answer 55

What are they doing? - Uses present continuous to ask about an action in progress. This form asks about current activities of observed people. U1

Question 56

Write questions. Use the present continuous. I heard you started a new job. (you / enjoy / it?)

Answer 56

Are you enjoying it? - Uses present continuous to ask about ongoing feelings or experiences about a recent change. U1

Question 57

Write questions. Use the present continuous. We're not in a hurry. (why / you / walk / so fast?)

Answer 57

Why are you walking so fast? - Uses present continuous to ask about an action happening right now, with 'why' seeking the reason for the contradiction between not being in a hurry and walking quickly. U1

Question 58

Put the verb into the correct form, positive (I’m doing etc.) or negative (I’m not doing etc.). Please don't make so much noise _____ (I / try) to work.

Answer 58

I'm trying to work. - Uses present continuous ('am trying') to describe an action in progress that is being disrupted by noise. U1

Question 59

Put the verb into the correct form, positive (I’m doing etc.) or negative (I’m not doing etc.). Let's go out now ____ (it / rain) any more.

Answer 59

It isn't raining anymore. - Uses present continuous in negative form ('isn't raining') to indicate that a previous ongoing condition has stopped. U1

Question 60

Put the verb into the correct form, positive (I’m doing etc.) or negative (I’m not doing etc.). You can turn off the radio ___ (I / listen) to it.

Answer 60

I'm not listening to it. - Uses present continuous in negative form ('am not listening') to indicate an ongoing state that justifies turning off the radio. U1

Question 61

Put the verb into the correct form, positive (I’m doing etc.) or negative (I’m not doing etc.). Kate phoned last night. She's on holiday with friends. ____(She / have) a great time and doesn't want to come back.

Answer 61

She's having a great time and doesn't want to come back. - Uses present continuous ('is having') for a temporary situation during her holiday, and present simple negative ('doesn't want') for her current preference. U1

Question 62

Put the verb into the correct form, positive (I’m doing etc.) or negative (I’m not doing etc.). Andrew started evening classes recently ___ (He / learn) Japanese.

Answer 62

He's learning Japanese. - Uses present continuous ('is learning') to describe an ongoing educational activity that started recently. U1

Question 63

Put the verb into the correct form, positive (I’m doing etc.) or negative (I’m not doing etc.). Paul and Sarah have had an argument and now ___(they / speak) to one another.

Answer 63

they aren't speaking to one another. - Uses present continuous in negative form ('aren't speaking') to describe the current situation resulting from a past event (the argument). U1

Question 64

Put the verb into the correct form, positive (I’m doing etc.) or negative (I’m not doing etc.). The situation is already very bad and now ____(it / get) worse.

Answer 64

it's getting worse. - Uses present continuous ('is getting') to describe an ongoing process of deterioration. U1

Question 65

Put the verb into the correct form, positive (I’m doing etc.) or negative (I’m not doing etc.). Tim ___(work) today. He’s taken the day off .

Answer 65

isn't working today. He's taken the day off. - Uses present continuous in negative form ('isn't working') to describe the absence of an activity that would normally be happening, and present perfect ('has taken') to explain the reason. U1

Question 66

Put the verb into the correct form, positive (I’m doing etc.) or negative (I’m not doing etc.). ____(I / look) for Sophie. Do you know where she is?

Answer 66

I'm looking for Sophie. Do you know where she is? - Uses present continuous ('am looking') to describe an ongoing search action, combined with present simple question ('do you know'). U1

Question 67

Put the verb into the correct form, positive (I’m doing etc.) or negative (I’m not doing etc.). The washing machine has been repaired. ____(It / work) now.

Answer 67

It's working now. - Uses present continuous ('is working') to describe the current functioning state after a completed action (repair). U1

Question 68

Put the verb into the correct form, positive (I’m doing etc.) or negative (I’m not doing etc.). ____(They / build) a new hospital. It will be finished next year.

Answer 68

They're building a new hospital. It will be finished next year. - Uses present continuous ('are building') for an ongoing construction project, and future simple ('will be finished') for the expected completion. U1

Question 69

Put the verb into the correct form, positive (I’m doing etc.) or negative (I’m not doing etc.). Ben is a student, but he's not very happy. ____(He / enjoy) his course.

Answer 69

He isn't enjoying his course. - Uses present continuous in negative form ('isn't enjoying') to explain the reason for his ongoing emotional state. U1

Question 70

Put the verb into the correct form, positive (I’m doing etc.) or negative (I’m not doing etc.). ______(The weather / change). Look at those clouds.

Answer 70

The weather is changing. Look at those clouds. I think it's going to rain. - Uses present continuous ('is changing') to describe an observable process happening now, and 'going to' future ('is going to rain') to predict something based on current evidence. U1

Question 71

Put the verb into the correct form, positive (I’m doing etc.) or negative (I’m not doing etc.). Dan has been in the same job for a long time. ____(He / start) to get bored with it

Answer 71

He's starting to get bored with it. - Uses present continuous with 'start' ('is starting') to describe the beginning of a new emotional state after a long period. U1

Question 72

Are the underlined verbs OK? Correct them where necessary. Water **boils** at 100 degrees Celsius.

Answer 72

OK - Boils is correct. This is a scientific fact expressed using the simple present tense for general truths. U3

Question 73

Are the underlined verbs OK? Correct them where necessary. How often **are you going** to the cinema?

Answer 73

do you go - Are you going is incorrect here. When asking about habitual actions or frequency, we use the simple present tense, not the present continuous. U3

Question 74

Are the underlined verbs OK? Correct them where necessary. Ben **tries** to find a job, but he hasn't had any luck yet.

Answer 74

is trying - Tries should be is trying because it's describing an ongoing action that Ben is currently in the process of doing, not a habitual action. U3

Question 75

Are the underlined verbs OK? Correct them where necessary. Martina **is phoning** her mother every day.

Answer 75

phones - Is phoning should be phones because it describes a habitual, repeated action (every day), which requires simple present tense, not continuous. U3

Question 76

Are the underlined verbs OK? Correct them where necessary. The moon **goes** round the earth in about 27 days.

Answer 76

OK - Goes is correct. This is a scientific fact or general truth expressed in simple present tense. U3

Question 77

Are the underlined verbs OK? Correct them where necessary. Can you hear those people? What **do they talk** about?

Answer 77

are they talking - Do they talk should be are they talking because it refers to an action happening right now (what the people are discussing at this moment). U3

Question 78

Are the underlined verbs OK? Correct them where necessary. What **do you do** in your spare time?

Answer 78

OK - Do you do is correct. This asks about habitual actions in spare time, which requires simple present tense. U3

Question 79

Are the underlined verbs OK? Correct them where necessary. Sarah is a vegetarian. She **doesn't eat** meat.

Answer 79

OK - Doesn't eat is correct. This describes a habitual action or general fact about Sarah. U3

Question 80

Are the underlined verbs OK? Correct them where necessary. I must go now. It **gets** late.

Answer 80

is getting - Gets should be is getting because it describes a process happening at the moment of speaking (time is passing and becoming late). U3

Question 81

Are the underlined verbs OK? Correct them where necessary. 'Come on! It's time to leave.' 'OK, **I come**.'

Answer 81

I'm coming - I come should be I'm coming because it refers to an action happening right now or in the immediate future. U3

Question 82

Are the underlined verbs OK? Correct them where necessary. Paul is never late. **He's always starting** work on time.

Answer 82

He always starts - He's always starting should be He always starts because it describes a habitual action, not a continuous one. U3

Question 83

Are the underlined verbs OK? Correct them where necessary. They don't get on well. **They're always arguing**.

Answer 83

OK - They're always arguing is correct. The present continuous with always is used to express frequent actions that are somewhat annoying or irritating to the speaker. U3

Question 84

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. I _____ (I / usually / get) hungry in the afternoon.

Answer 84

Answer: I usually get hungry in the afternoon. Explanation: Present simple is used with 'usually' to express a habitual action or regular occurrence. The adverb 'usually' signals a routine rather than something happening right now. U3

Question 85

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. I _____ (I / get) hungry. Let's go and eat something.

Answer 85

Answer: I'm getting hungry. Explanation: Present continuous is used here because it describes a feeling that is developing right now, an ongoing process or change of state, not a habitual action. U3

Question 86

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. '_____ (you / listen) to the radio?' 'No, you can turn it off.'

Answer 86

Answer: 'Are you listening to the radio?' Explanation: Present continuous is correct because it asks about an action happening at the present moment. The response about turning it off confirms this is about current activity. U3

Question 87

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. '_____ (you / listen) to the radio a lot?' 'No, not very often.'

Answer 87

Answer: 'Do you listen to the radio a lot?' Explanation: Present simple is used here because the question is about habitual behavior or general frequency, as indicated by 'a lot' and the response 'not very often.' U3 _A note from jaye:_ We don’t say “Are you listening” here because that’s present continuous, which is used for actions happening right now, not for regular habits.

Question 88

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. The River Nile _____ (flow) into the Mediterranean.

Answer 88

Answer: The River Nile flows into the Mediterranean. Explanation: Present simple is used for permanent situations, geographical facts, and things that are generally true regardless of time. U3

Question 89

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. The river _____ (flow) very fast today – much faster than usual.

Answer 89

Answer: The river is flowing very fast today – much faster than usual. Explanation: Present continuous is used because this describes a temporary situation ('today') that differs from the normal state ('much faster than usual'). U3

Question 90

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. I'm not very active. _____ (I / not / do) any sport.

Answer 90

Answer: I don't do any sport. Explanation: Present simple in negative form is used to express a general fact about the person's lifestyle, not a temporary situation. U3

Question 91

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. What _____ (you / usually / do) at weekends?

Answer 91

Answer: What do you usually do at weekends? Explanation: Present simple is used with 'usually' to ask about habitual actions or regular activities that occur on weekends. U3

Question 92

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. Rachel is in New York right now. _____ (She / stay) at the Park Hotel.

Answer 92

Answer: She's staying at the Park Hotel. Explanation: Present continuous is used because this is a temporary situation ('right now') during her visit to New York. U3

Question 93

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. _____ (She / always / stay) there when she's in New York.

Answer 93

Answer: She always stays there when she's in New York. Explanation: Present simple is used with 'always' to describe a habitual action that happens every time she visits New York. U3

Question 94

Put the verb into the correct form. Julia _________ (not / drink) tea very often.

Answer 94

Answer doesn’t drink Explanation In the present simple tense, we use doesn’t + base verb for third-person singular (he/she/it). "Julia" is singular, so we say doesn't drink. U2

Question 95

Put the verb into the correct form. What time _________ (the banks / close) here?

Answer 95

Answer do the banks close Explanation "The banks" is plural. For questions with plural subjects in present simple, we use do + subject + base verb: do the banks close. Singular - “does” Plural - “do” U2

Question 96

Put the verb into the correct form. I have a car, but I _________ (not / use) it much.

Answer 96

Answer don’t use Explanation With "I", we use don’t + base verb in negatives. So the correct form is don’t use. U2

Question 97

Put the verb into the correct form. Where _________ (do / Maria / come) from?

Answer 97

Answer does Maria come Explanation "Maria" is third-person singular. For questions in present simple, use does + subject + base verb: does Maria come. U2

Question 98

Put the verb into the correct form. ‘What _________ (you / do)?’

Answer 98

Answer do you do Explanation With "you", present simple questions use do + subject + base verb: do you do. U2

Question 99

Put the verb into the correct form. Look at this sentence. What _________ (this word / mean)?

Answer 99

Answer does this word mean Explanation "This word" is singular. In questions, we use does + subject + base verb: does this word mean. U2

Question 100

Put the verb into the correct form. David isn’t very fit. He _________ (not / do) any sport.

Answer 100

Answer doesn’t do Explanation "David" is third-person singular, so for negatives we use doesn’t + base verb: doesn’t do. U2 Why present simple? 1. General truth or habit: The present simple is used to talk about regular habits, routines, or general truths. → “He doesn’t do any sport” = He usually doesn’t do sport in general. 2. No time markers suggesting past or continuous: There’s nothing in the sentence that says it’s about the past (didn’t do) or about what’s happening right now (isn’t doing). So, we default to present simple for describing a regular condition or behavior.

Question 101

Put the verb into the correct form. It _________ (take) me an hour to get to work in the morning.

Answer 101

Answer takes Explanation "It" is third-person singular. For statements, we add -s to the verb: takes. U2

Question 102

Put the verb into the correct form. How long _________ (it / take) you?

Answer 102

Answer does it take Explanation "It" is third-person singular. In present simple questions, we use does + subject + base verb: does it take. U2

Question 103

You know that Lisa plays tennis. You want to know how often. Ask her. How often _________?

Answer 103

Answer: do you play tennis Explanation: Use 'do you play' for present simple questions with 'you'. U2

Question 104

Perhaps Lisa’s sister plays tennis too. You want to know. Ask Lisa. _________ your sister _________ tennis?

Answer 104

Answer: Does your sister play tennis Explanation: Use 'does + subject + base verb' for third-person singular in present simple questions. U2

Question 105

You know that Lisa goes to the cinema a lot. You want to know how often. Ask her. How often _________?

Answer 105

Answer: do you go to the cinema Explanation: Use 'do you go' for present simple questions with 'you'. U2

Question 106

You know that Lisa’s brother works. You want to know what he does. Ask Lisa. What _________?

Answer 106

Answer: does your brother do Explanation: Use 'does + subject + base verb' to ask about third-person singular in present simple. U2

Question 107

You’re not sure whether Lisa speaks Spanish. You want to know. Ask her. _________?

Answer 107

Answer: Do you speak Spanish Explanation: Use 'do you speak' for present simple yes/no questions with 'you'. U2

Question 108

You don’t know where Lisa’s grandparents live. You want to know. Ask Lisa. Where _________?

Answer 108

Answer: do your grandparents live Explanation: Use 'do + subject + base verb' for plural subjects in present simple questions. U2

Question 109

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. Why are all these people here? _______ (What / happen)?

Answer 109

Answer: What's happening? Explanation: Present continuous is used because we're asking about something that is in progress right now - an action currently taking place at the moment of speaking. U3

Question 110

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. Julia is good at languages. _______ (She / speak) four languages very well.

Answer 110

Answer: She speaks four languages very well. Explanation: Present simple is used to describe a permanent ability or skill that Julia has, not something she is doing at the moment of speaking. U3

Question 111

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. Are you ready yet? _______ (Everybody / wait) for you.

Answer 111

Answer: Everybody is waiting for you. Explanation: Present continuous is used because the waiting is happening right now - it's a temporary action in progress at the moment of speaking. U3

Question 112

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. I've never heard this word. How _______ (you / pronounce) it?

Answer 112

Answer: How do you pronounce it? Explanation: Present simple is used to ask about the correct or general way to pronounce a word, as it refers to a general fact or habit, not an action in progress. U3

Question 113

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. Kate _______ (not / work) this week. She's on holiday.

Answer 113

Answer: Kate isn't working this week. Explanation: Present continuous is used with a time expression 'this week' to describe a temporary situation - Kate is temporarily not at work because she's on holiday. U3

Question 114

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. I think my English _______ (improve) slowly. It's better than it was.

Answer 114

Answer: I think my English is improving slowly. Explanation: Present continuous is used to describe an ongoing process or development happening over time - the improvement is in progress. U3

Question 115

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. Nicola _______ (live) in Manchester. She has never lived anywhere else.

Answer 115

Answer: Nicola lives in Manchester. Explanation: Present simple is used to describe a permanent situation or state - where Nicola has her home, not a temporary action. U3

Question 116

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. Can we stop walking soon? _______ (I / start) to get tired.

Answer 116

Answer: I'm starting to get tired. Explanation: Present continuous is used because the process of getting tired is happening right now - it's a changing state at the moment of speaking. U3

Question 117

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. Sam and Tina are in Madrid right now. _______ (They / visit) a friend of theirs.

Answer 117

Answer: They are visiting a friend of theirs. Explanation: Present continuous is used because this is a temporary action happening right now - their visit to Madrid is in progress at the time of speaking. U3

Question 118

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. 'What _______ (your father / do)?' 'He's an architect.'

Answer 118

Answer: What does your father do? Explanation: Present simple is used to ask about someone's job or profession - this is a permanent fact about the person, not a temporary action. U3

Question 119

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. It took me an hour to get to work this morning. Most days _______ (it / not / take) so long.

Answer 119

Answer: it doesn't take so long. Explanation: Present simple is used with 'most days' to describe a habitual or usual situation - what regularly or typically happens, not something happening right now. U3

Question 120

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. I _______ (I / learn) to drive. My driving test is next month. My father _______ (teach) me.

Answer 120

Answer: I am learning to drive. My father is teaching me. Explanation: Present continuous is used for both verbs because they describe ongoing, temporary actions that are in progress during this period of time but will eventually end (when the test is passed). U3

Question 121

Finish B's sentences. Use always -ing. A: I've lost my keys again. B: Not again! _______

Answer 121

Answer: You're always losing your keys. Explanation: 'Always + -ing' is used to express irritation or frustration about repeated actions. Here, the speaker is annoyed that the other person frequently loses their keys. U3

Question 122

Finish B's sentences. Use always -ing. A: The car has broken down again. B: That car is useless. It _______

Answer 122

Answer: It's always breaking down. Explanation: 'Always + -ing' expresses frustration about a repeated problem with the car. The continuous form emphasizes that this happens with annoying frequency. U3

Question 123

Finish B's sentences. Use always -ing. A: Look! You've made the same mistake again. B: Oh no, not again! I _______

Answer 123

Answer: I'm always making the same mistake. Explanation: 'Always + -ing' shows the speaker's frustration with themselves about a repeated negative pattern. The present continuous with 'always' emphasizes the recurring nature of the problem. U3

Question 124

Finish B's sentences. Use always -ing. A: Oh, I've left my phone at home again. B: Typical! _______

Answer 124

Answer: You're always leaving your phone at home. Explanation: 'Always + -ing' is used to comment on an annoying habit that happens repeatedly. The speaker shows exasperation about this recurring careless behavior. U3

Question 125

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. Are you hungry? _____________ (you / want) something to eat?

Answer 125

Do you want. explanation: Present simple for general preferences or wants. U4

Question 126

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. Alan says he’s 90 years old, but nobody _____________ (believe) him.

Answer 126

believes. explanation: Present simple for a general belief. U4

Question 127

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. She told me her name, but _____________ (I / not / remember) it now.

Answer 127

I don't remember. explanation: Present simple for mental state. U4

Question 128

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. Don’t put the dictionary away. _____________ (I / use) it.

Answer 128

I'm using it. explanation: Present continuous for actions happening right now. U4

Question 129

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. Don’t put the dictionary away. _____________ (I / need) it.

Answer 129

I need it. explanation: Present simple for a need/state. U4

Question 130

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. Air _____________ (consist) mainly of nitrogen and oxygen.

Answer 130

consists. explanation: Present simple for facts. U4

Question 131

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. Who is that man? What _____________ (he / want)?

Answer 131

does he want? explanation: Present simple for general inquiry. U4

Question 132

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. Who is that man? Why _____________ (he / look) at us?

Answer 132

is he looking. explanation: Present continuous for current action. U4

Question 133

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. Who is that man? _____________ (you / recognise) him?

Answer 133

Do you recognise him? explanation: Present simple for mental action. U4

Question 134

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. _____________ (I / think) of selling my car. Would you be interested in buying it?

Answer 134

I'm thinking. explanation: Present continuous for a temporary thought or decision. U4

Question 135

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. I can’t make up my mind. What _____________ (you / think) I should do?

Answer 135

do you think? explanation: Present simple for opinion. U4

Question 136

Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. Gary wasn’t well earlier, but _____________ (he / seem) OK now.

Answer 136

he seems. explanation: Present simple for state/appearance. U4

Question 137

Is the underlined verb OK? Correct them where necessary. Nicky *is thinking* of giving up her job.

Answer 137

OK. explanation: 'Is thinking' is correct for a current consideration. U4

Question 138

Is the underlined verb OK? Correct them where necessary. It’s not true. *I’m not believing* it.

Answer 138

I don't believe it. explanation: 'Believe' is a stative verb, so we use present simple. U4

Question 139

Is the underlined verb OK? Correct them where necessary. *I’m feeling* hungry. Is there anything to eat?

Answer 139

OK. explanation: 'I'm feeling' is acceptable when talking about physical states. U4

Question 140

Is the underlined verb OK? Correct them where necessary. I’ve never eaten that fruit. What *is it tasting* like?

Answer 140

What does it taste like? explanation: 'Taste' is a stative verb when describing flavor. U4

Question 141

Is the underlined verb OK? Correct them where necessary. I’m not sure what she does. I *think* she works in a shop.

Answer 141

OK. explanation: 'Think' here is a stative verb expressing opinion. U4

Question 142

Is the underlined verb OK? Correct them where necessary. Look over there. What *are you seeing*?

Answer 142

What do you see? explanation: 'See' is usually stative unless describing an active process like dating. U4

Question 143

Is the underlined verb OK? Correct them where necessary. You’re very quiet. What *are you thinking* about?

Answer 143

OK. explanation: 'Are you thinking' is correct for a temporary thought process. U4

Question 144

Use is/are being (continuous) or is/are (simple). I can’t understand why __________ so selfish. He isn’t usually like that.

Answer 144

he’s being. explanation: Present continuous for unusual temporary behavior. U4

Question 145

Use is/are being (continuous) or is/are (simple). You’ll like Sophie when you meet her. She __________ very nice.

Answer 145

is. explanation: Present simple for a general characteristic. U4

Question 146

Use is/are being (continuous) or is/are (simple). Sarah __________ very nice to me at the moment. I wonder why.

Answer 146

is being. explanation: Present continuous for temporary behavior. U4

Question 147

Use is/are being (continuous) or is/are (simple). They __________ very happy. They’ve just got married.

Answer 147

are. explanation: Present simple for a general or current state. U4

Question 148

Use is/are being (continuous) or is/are (simple). You’re normally very patient, so why __________ so unreasonable about waiting ten more minutes?

Answer 148

are you being. explanation: Present continuous for temporary behavior different from the norm. U4

Question 149

Use is/are being (continuous) or is/are (simple). Would you like something to eat? __________ hungry?

Answer 149

Are you. explanation: Present simple for a current physical state. U4

Question 150

Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple. Jenny __________ (wait) for me when I __________ (arrive).

Answer 150

was waiting, arrived. explanation: Past continuous for ongoing action, past simple for interrupting action. U6

Question 151

Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple. ‘What __________ (you / do) at this time yesterday?’ ‘I was asleep.’

Answer 151

were you doing. explanation: Past continuous to ask about ongoing action in the past. U6

Question 152

Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple. ‘__________ (you / go) out last night?’ ‘No, I was too tired.’

Answer 152

Did you go. explanation: Past simple for completed past actions. U6

Question 153

Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple. How fast __________ (you / drive) when the accident __________ (happen)?

Answer 153

were you driving, happened. explanation: Past continuous for ongoing, past simple for sudden action. U6

Question 154

Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple. Sam __________ (take) a picture of me while I __________ (not / look).

Answer 154

took, wasn’t looking. explanation: Past simple + past continuous for simultaneous actions. U6

Question 155

Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple. We were in a very difficult position. We __________ (not / know) what to do, so we __________ (do) nothing.

Answer 155

didn’t know, did. explanation: Past simple for states and completed actions. U6

Question 156

Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple. I haven’t seen Alan for ages. When I last __________ (see) him, he __________ (try) to find a job.

Answer 156

saw, was trying. explanation: Past simple for moment in past, past continuous for ongoing effort. U6

Question 157

Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple. I __________ (walk) along the street when suddenly I __________ (hear) something behind me. Somebody __________ (follow) me. I was scared and I __________ (start) to run.

Answer 157

was walking, heard, was following, started. explanation: Mix of past continuous for ongoing, past simple for sudden actions. U6

Question 158

Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple. When I was young, I __________ (want) to be a pilot. Later I __________ (change) my mind.

Answer 158

wanted, changed. explanation: Past simple for past desires and decisions. U6

Question 159

Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple. Last night I __________ (drop) a plate when I __________ (do) the washing up. Fortunately it __________ (not / break).

Answer 159

dropped, was doing, didn’t break. explanation: Past simple for main actions, past continuous for background activity. U6

Question 160

Complete the sentences. Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative. It was warm, so I _______ off my coat. (take)

Answer 160

Answer: took. Explanation: This requires the simple past tense of 'take' in the positive form. Since it's describing a completed action in the past, we use the past tense form 'took'. U5

Question 161

Complete the sentences. Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative. The film wasn't very good. I _______ it much. (enjoy)

Answer 161

Answer: didn't enjoy. Explanation: This requires the simple past tense of 'enjoy' in the negative form. Since the film wasn't good, logically the person didn't enjoy it, so we use 'didn't' + the base form of the verb. U5

Question 162

Complete the sentences. Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative. I knew Sarah was busy, so I _______ her. (disturb)

Answer 162

Answer: didn't disturb. Explanation: This requires the simple past tense of 'disturb' in the negative form. The logic of the sentence (knowing she was busy) suggests the person chose not to disturb her. U5

Question 163

Complete the sentences. Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative. We were very tired, so we _______ the party early. (leave)

Answer 163

Answer: left. Explanation: This requires the simple past tense of 'leave' in the positive form. Being tired is given as the reason for leaving early, so the positive form 'left' is appropriate. U5

Question 164

Complete the sentences. Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative. It was hard carrying the bags. They _______ really heavy. (be)

Answer 164

Answer: were. Explanation: This requires the simple past tense of 'be' in the positive form. For the plural subject 'they' (referring to the bags), we use the past form 'were'. U5

Question 165

Complete the sentences. Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative. The bed was very uncomfortable. I _______ well. (sleep)

Answer 165

Answer: didn't sleep. Explanation: This requires the simple past tense of 'sleep' in the negative form. Since the bed was uncomfortable, logically the person didn't sleep well. U5

Question 166

Complete the sentences. Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative. This watch wasn't expensive. It _______ much. (cost)

Answer 166

Answer: didn't cost. Explanation: This requires the simple past tense of 'cost' in the negative form. Since the watch wasn't expensive, it didn't cost much. U5

Question 167

Complete the sentences. Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative. The window was open and a bird _______ into the room. (fly)

Answer 167

Answer: flew. Explanation: This requires the simple past tense of 'fly' in the positive form. The irregular past tense of 'fly' is 'flew', used here to describe a completed action in the past. U5

Question 168

Complete the sentences. Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative. I was in a hurry, so I _______ time to call you. (have)

Answer 168

Answer: didn't have. Explanation: This requires the simple past tense of 'have' in the negative form. Being in a hurry suggests a lack of time, so logically the person didn't have time to call. U5

Question 169

Complete the sentences. Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative. I didn't like the hotel. The room _______ very clean. (be)

Answer 169

Answer: wasn't. Explanation: This requires the simple past tense of 'be' in the negative form. Since the person didn't like the hotel, it suggests something was wrong with the room - in this case, it wasn't clean. U5

Question 170

Yesterday was a typical working day for Laura. Write what she did or didn't do yesterday. (1) _______ at 7 o'clock.

Answer 170

Answer: She got up at 7 o'clock. Explanation: This uses the past tense 'got up' to describe a completed action at a specific time in the past. 'Get up' becomes 'got up' in the past tense. U5

Question 171

Yesterday was a typical working day for Laura. Write what she did or didn't do yesterday. (2) She _______ a big breakfast.

Answer 171

Answer: She had/ate a big breakfast. Explanation: Either 'had' or 'ate' works here as the past tense verb describing Laura's morning meal. These are both common verbs used with 'breakfast'. U5

Question 172

Yesterday was a typical working day for Laura. Write what she did or didn't do yesterday. (3) She _______.

Answer 172

Answer: She left home/went to work. Explanation: Since this describes a typical work day, a logical next action would be leaving for work. The past tense verbs 'left' or 'went' are appropriate here. U5

Question 173

Yesterday was a typical working day for Laura. Write what she did or didn't do yesterday. (4) It _______ to get to work.

Answer 173

Answer: It took her an hour to get to work. Explanation: The past tense 'took' is used to describe how long her journey lasted. We need 'took' + time period for this structure. U5

Question 174

Yesterday was a typical working day for Laura. Write what she did or didn't do yesterday. (5) _______ at 8.45.

Answer 174

Answer: She arrived at work at 8.45. Explanation: The past tense 'arrived' is used to indicate when she reached her workplace. This follows logically after her journey to work. U5

Question 175

Yesterday was a typical working day for Laura. Write what she did or didn't do yesterday. (6) _______ lunch.

Answer 175

Answer: She had/ate lunch. Explanation: The past tense 'had' or 'ate' is used to describe her meal in the middle of the workday. U5

Question 176

Yesterday was a typical working day for Laura. Write what she did or didn't do yesterday. (7) _______ at 5 o'clock.

Answer 176

Answer: She finished work at 5 o'clock. Explanation: The past tense 'finished' is used to describe the end of her workday at a specific time. U5

Question 177

Yesterday was a typical working day for Laura. Write what she did or didn't do yesterday. (8) _______ tired when _______ home.

Answer 177

Answer: She was tired when she got home. Explanation: The past tense 'was' describes her condition, and 'got' describes her arrival at home after work. U5

Question 178

Yesterday was a typical working day for Laura. Write what she did or didn't do yesterday. (9) _______ a meal yesterday evening.

Answer 178

Answer: She cooked/prepared a meal yesterday evening. Explanation: The past tense 'cooked' or 'prepared' works here to describe her evening activity of making food. U5

Question 179

Yesterday was a typical working day for Laura. Write what she did or didn't do yesterday. (10) _______ out yesterday evening.

Answer 179

Answer: She didn't go out yesterday evening. Explanation: The negative past tense 'didn't go' is logical here, as she was tired after work and likely stayed home. U5

Question 180

Yesterday was a typical working day for Laura. Write what she did or didn't do yesterday. (11) _______ at 11 o'clock.

Answer 180

Answer: She went to bed at 11 o'clock. Explanation: The past tense 'went to bed' describes when she retired for the night, a logical end to her day. U5

Question 181

Yesterday was a typical working day for Laura. Write what she did or didn't do yesterday. (12) _______ well last night.

Answer 181

Answer: She slept well last night. Explanation: The past tense 'slept' describes her night's rest, completing the narrative of her typical day. U5

Question 182

Put in been or gone. My parents are on holiday. They've _______ to Italy.

Answer 182

Answer: gone. Explanation: Use 'gone' when someone has left and is still at the destination. 'Gone to Italy' means they are currently in Italy and haven't returned yet. U7

Question 183

Put in been or gone. Hello! I've just _______ to the shops. I've bought lots of things.

Answer 183

Answer: been. Explanation: Use 'been' when someone has gone somewhere and returned. Since the speaker has already bought things and is back to tell about it, we use 'been'. U7

Question 184

Put in been or gone. Tom has just _______ out. He'll be back in about an hour.

Answer 184

Answer: gone. Explanation: Use 'gone' when someone has left and hasn't returned yet. The sentence states he'll be back later, indicating he is currently away. U7

Question 185

Put in been or gone. Alice isn't here at the moment. I don't know where she's _______.

Answer 185

Answer: gone. Explanation: Use 'gone' when someone is not present and still away. Since Alice isn't here and her whereabouts are unknown, she has 'gone' somewhere. U7

Question 186

Put in been or gone. You're very late. Where have you _______?

Answer 186

Answer: been. Explanation: Use 'been' to ask about someone's experiences or whereabouts when they have now returned. Since the person is now present (though late), we ask where they have 'been'. U7

Question 187

Complete the sentences using the present perfect. Sally is still here. _______ (she / not / go) out.

Answer 187

Answer: She hasn't gone out. Explanation: Present perfect negative form (has + not + past participle) is used to express that an action has not happened. Since Sally is still here, she hasn't gone out. U7

Question 188

Complete the sentences using the present perfect. I can't find my bag. _______ (you / see / it) anywhere?

Answer 188

Answer: Have you seen it anywhere? Explanation: Present perfect question form (have + subject + past participle) is used for asking about past experiences with present relevance. The person is asking if you saw the bag at any point up to now. U7

Question 189

Complete the sentences using the present perfect. I can't log on to the website. _______ (I / forget) my password.

Answer 189

Answer: I've forgotten my password. Explanation: Present perfect (have + past participle) expresses an action that has happened with a result in the present. The result is that the person can't log in now because they've forgotten the password. U7

Question 190

Complete the sentences using the present perfect. I sent Joe an email this morning, but _______ (he / not / reply) yet.

Answer 190

Answer: he hasn't replied yet. Explanation: Present perfect negative with 'yet' (has + not + past participle + yet) indicates an action that hasn't happened but is expected. The word 'yet' suggests the person is still expecting a reply. U7

Question 191

Complete the sentences using the present perfect. Is the meeting still going on, or _______ (it / finish)?

Answer 191

Answer: has it finished? Explanation: Present perfect question form (has + subject + past participle) asks about a recently completed action with present relevance. The person wants to know if the meeting has ended yet. U7

Question 192

Complete the sentences using the present perfect. _______ (the weather / change). It's colder now.

Answer 192

Answer: The weather has changed. Explanation: Present perfect (has + past participle) describes a change or development that has happened. The result (it's colder now) shows the present relevance of this change. U7

Question 193

Complete the sentences using the present perfect. _______ (you / not / sign) the form. Could you sign it now, please?

Answer 193

Answer: You haven't signed the form. Explanation: Present perfect negative (have + not + past participle) describes something that should have happened but hasn't. The request to sign it now shows that this incomplete action needs to be addressed. U7

Question 194

Complete the sentences using the present perfect. Are your friends still here, or _______ (they / go) home?

Answer 194

Answer: have they gone home? Explanation: Present perfect question form (have + subject + past participle) asks about a possible recent action. The question contrasts their possible current locations (still here vs. gone home). U7

Question 195

Complete the sentences using the present perfect. Paul doesn't know what he's going to do. _______ (he / not / decide / yet).

Answer 195

Answer: He hasn't decided yet. Explanation: Present perfect negative with 'yet' (has + not + past participle + yet) indicates an expected action that hasn't happened. The decision is still pending. U7

Question 196

Complete the sentences using the present perfect. 'Do you know where Julia is?' 'Yes, _______ (I / just / see / her).'

Answer 196

Answer: I've just seen her. Explanation: Present perfect with 'just' (have + just + past participle) refers to a very recent action. The word 'just' emphasizes that the action happened a very short time ago. U7

Question 197

Complete the sentences using the present perfect. 'When is David going away?' '_______ (he / already / go).'

Answer 197

Answer: He's already gone. Explanation: Present perfect with 'already' (has + already + past participle) indicates that an action has happened sooner than expected. The person asking doesn't realize that David has departed already. U7

Question 198

Complete the sentences using the present perfect. A: _______ (your course / start / yet)? B: Not yet. It starts next week.

Answer 198

Answer: Has your course started yet? Explanation: Present perfect question with 'yet' (has + subject + past participle + yet) asks about an expected event that may or may not have happened. The word 'yet' suggests the speaker expects the course to start sometime. U7

Question 199

You ask people about things they have done. Write questions with *ever*. (ride / horse?)

Answer 199

Have you ever ridden a horse? explanation: Present perfect with 'ever' for life experience. U8

Question 200

You ask people about things they have done. Write questions with *ever*. (be / California?)

Answer 200

Have you ever been to California? explanation: Present perfect for past visits. U8

Question 201

You ask people about things they have done. Write questions with *ever*. (run / marathon?)

Answer 201

Have you ever run a marathon? explanation: Present perfect to ask about a completed life event. U8

Question 202

You ask people about things they have done. Write questions with *ever*. (speak / famous person?)

Answer 202

Have you ever spoken to a famous person? explanation: Present perfect for rare experiences. U8

Question 203

You ask people about things they have done. Write questions with *ever*. (most beautiful place / visit?)

Answer 203

What’s the most beautiful place you have ever visited? explanation: Present perfect to ask about the best experience. U8

Question 204

Read the situation and complete the sentence. Jack is driving a car for the first time. He’s very nervous and not sure what to do. It's the first time _________________________________ a car.

Answer 204

It’s the first time he’s driven a car. explanation: Present perfect for first-time experience. U8

Question 205

Read the situation and complete the sentence. Some children at the zoo are looking at a giraffe. They’ve never seen one before. It's the first time _________________________________ a giraffe.

Answer 205

It’s the first time they’ve seen a giraffe. explanation: Present perfect for first-time experience. U8

Question 206

Read the situation and complete the sentence. Sue is riding a horse. She doesn’t look very confident or comfortable. She ________________________ before.

Answer 206

She hasn’t ridden a horse before. explanation: Present perfect negative for something that has never happened. U8

Question 207

Read the situation and complete the sentence. Joe and Lisa are on holiday in Japan. They’ve been to Japan once before. This is the second time ______________

Answer 207

This is the second time they’ve been to Japan. explanation: Present perfect to express repetition. U8

Question 208

Read the situation and complete the sentence. Emily is staying at the Prince Hotel. She stayed there a few years ago. It’s not the first ____________________ this hotel.

Answer 208

It’s not the first time she’s stayed at this hotel. explanation: Present perfect to indicate repeated experience. U8

Question 209

Read the situation and complete the sentence. Ben is playing tennis for the first time. He’s a complete beginner. ____________________________ before.

Answer 209

He has never played tennis before. explanation: Present perfect negative for first-time experience. U8

Question 210

Read the situation and complete the sentences. Use the verbs in brackets. Tom started reading a book two hours ago. He is still reading it and now he is on page 53. He __________ (read) for two hours. He __________ 53 pages so far. (read)

Answer 210

He has been reading for two hours. He has read 53 pages so far. explanation: Use present perfect continuous for ongoing action, present perfect simple for completed result. U10

Question 211

Read the situation and complete the sentences. Use the verbs in brackets. Rachel is from Australia. She is travelling round Europe. She began her trip three months ago. She __________ (travel) for three months. She __________ six countries so far. (visit)

Answer 211

She has been travelling for three months. She has visited six countries so far. explanation: Present perfect continuous for duration, present perfect simple for result. U10

Question 212

Read the situation and complete the sentences. Use the verbs in brackets. Patrick is a tennis player. He began playing tennis when he was 10. This year he won the championship again – for the fourth time. He __________ (win) the national championship four times. He __________ (play) since he was ten.

Answer 212

He has won the national championship four times. He has been playing since he was ten. explanation: Present perfect simple for number of times, continuous for how long. U10

Question 213

Read the situation and complete the sentences. Use the verbs in brackets. When they left college, Lisa and Sue started making films together. They still make films. They __________ (make) films since they left college. They __________ five films since they left college. (make)

Answer 213

They have been making films since they left college. They have made five films since they left college. explanation: Present perfect continuous for ongoing activity, simple for number. U10

Question 214

Ask a question using the words in brackets. Use the present perfect simple (have/has done) or continuous (have/has been doing). You have a friend who is learning Arabic. You ask: (How long / learn / Arabic?)

Answer 214

How long have you been learning Arabic? explanation: Present perfect continuous for an action still in progress. U10

Question 215

Ask a question using the words in brackets. Use the present perfect simple (have/has done) or continuous (have/has been doing). You have just arrived to meet a friend. She is waiting for you. You ask: (Wait / long?)

Answer 215

Have you been waiting long? explanation: Present perfect continuous for recent waiting action. U10

Question 216

Ask a question using the words in brackets. Use the present perfect simple (have/has done) or continuous (have/has been doing). You see somebody fishing by the river. You ask: (Catch / any fish?)

Answer 216

Have you caught any fish? explanation: Present perfect simple for result of a recent action. U10

Question 217

Ask a question using the words in brackets. Use the present perfect simple (have/has done) or continuous (have/has been doing). Some friends of yours are having a party next week. You ask: (How many people / invite?)

Answer 217

How many people have you invited? explanation: Present perfect simple for number of completed actions. U10

Question 218

Ask a question using the words in brackets. Use the present perfect simple (have/has done) or continuous (have/has been doing). A friend of yours is a teacher. You ask: (How long / teach?)

Answer 218

How long have you been teaching? explanation: Present perfect continuous for an ongoing occupation. U10

Question 219

Ask a question using the words in brackets. Use the present perfect simple (have/has done) or continuous (have/has been doing). You meet somebody who is a writer. You ask: (How many books / write?)

Answer 219

How many books have you written? explanation: Present perfect simple for a result-focused question. U10

Question 220

Ask a question using the words in brackets. Use the present perfect simple (have/has done) or continuous (have/has been doing). You meet somebody who is a writer. You ask: (How long / write / books?)

Answer 220

How long have you been writing books? explanation: Present perfect continuous for a process-focused question. U10

Question 221

Ask a question using the words in brackets. Use the present perfect simple (have/has done) or continuous (have/has been doing). A friend of yours is saving money to go on a world trip. You ask: (How long / save?)

Answer 221

How long have you been saving? explanation: Present perfect continuous for a continuous effort. U10

Question 222

Ask a question using the words in brackets. Use the present perfect simple (have/has done) or continuous (have/has been doing). A friend of yours is saving money to go on a world trip. You ask: (How much money / save?)

Answer 222

How much money have you saved? explanation: Present perfect simple for the total result of saving. U10

Question 223

Put the verb into the present perfect simple or continuous. Put the verb into the present perfect simple or continuous. Where have you been? __________ (you / play) tennis?

Answer 223

Have you been playing. **Explanation:** Use **present perfect continuous** for an action that was happening recently. U10

Question 224

Put the verb into the present perfect simple or continuous. Look! __________ (somebody / break) that window.

Answer 224

Somebody has broken. **Explanation:** Use **present perfect simple** for a recent event with a result in the present. U10

Question 225

Put the verb into the present perfect simple or continuous. You look tired. __________ (you / work) hard?

Answer 225

Have you been working. **Explanation:** Use **present perfect continuous** to describe a recent ongoing action. U10

Question 226

Put the verb into the present perfect simple or continuous. __________ (you / ever / work) in a factory?

Answer 226

Have you ever worked. **Explanation:** Use **present perfect simple** to ask about life experience. U10

Question 227

Put the verb into the present perfect simple or continuous. Where’s Lisa? Where __________ (she / go)?

Answer 227

has she gone. **Explanation:** Use **present perfect simple** for someone who left and hasn't returned. U10

Question 228

Put the verb into the present perfect simple or continuous. This is a very old book. __________ (I / have) it since I was a child.

Answer 228

I have had. **Explanation:** Use **present perfect simple** to express possession since the past. U10

Question 229

Put the verb into the present perfect simple or continuous. ‘Have you been busy?’ ‘No, __________ (I / watch) TV.’

Answer 229

I’ve been watching. **Explanation:** Use **present perfect continuous** for activity in progress recently. U10

Question 230

Put the verb into the present perfect simple or continuous. My brother is an actor. __________ (he / appear) in several films.

Answer 230

He has appeared. **Explanation:** Use **present perfect simple** for past actions with relevance to now. U10

Question 231

Put the verb into the present perfect simple or continuous. ‘Sorry I’m late.’ ‘That’s all right. __________ (I / not / wait) long.’

Answer 231

I haven’t been waiting. **Explanation:** Use **present perfect continuous** to emphasize duration. U10

Question 232

Put the verb into the present perfect simple or continuous. Are you OK? You look as if __________ (you / cry).

Answer 232

you have been crying. **Explanation:** Use **present perfect continuous** for emotional signs that are still visible. U10

Question 233

Put the verb into the present perfect simple or continuous. ‘Is it still raining?’ ‘No, __________ (it / stop).’

Answer 233

it has stopped. **Explanation:** Use **present perfect simple** to describe a completed recent action. U10

Question 234

Put the verb into the present perfect simple or continuous. The children are tired now. __________ (they / play) in the garden.

Answer 234

They have been playing. **Explanation:** Use **present perfect continuous** for a recent activity with a present result. U10

Question 235

Put the verb into the present perfect simple or continuous. __________ (I / lose) my phone. __________ (you / see) it?

Answer 235

I’ve lost, Have you seen. **Explanation:** Use **present perfect simple** for a lost item and asking if someone has noticed it. U10

Question 236

Put the verb into the present perfect simple or continuous. __________ (I / read) the book you lent me, but __________ (I / not / finish) it yet.

Answer 236

I’ve read, I haven’t finished. **Explanation:** Use **present perfect simple** for partial completion and ongoing state. U10

Question 237

Put the verb into the present perfect simple or continuous. __________ (I / read) the book you lent me, so you can have it back now.

Answer 237

I’ve finished. **Explanation:** Use **present perfect simple** for a recently completed task. U10

Question 238

Write **for** or **since**. It’s been raining __________ lunchtime.

Answer 238

since. **"Since"** is used with a specific point in time. **Present perfect continuous** is used here. U12.1

Question 239

Write **for** or **since**. Paul has lived in Brazil __________ ten years.

Answer 239

for. **"For"** is used with a duration of time. **Present perfect** is used to show an action that started in the past and continues now. U12.1

Question 240

Write **for** or **since**. I’m tired of waiting. We’ve been sitting here __________ an hour.

Answer 240

for. **"For"** is used with a time period. The **present perfect continuous** shows ongoing activity. U12.1

Question 241

Write **for** or **since**. Kevin has been looking for a job __________ he left school.

Answer 241

since. **"Since"** is used with a starting point in the past. **Present perfect continuous** tense is appropriate. U12.1

Question 242

Write **for** or **since**. I haven’t been to a party __________ ages.

Answer 242

for. **"For"** is used to express a long duration. **Present perfect** indicates this has been true until now. U12.1

Question 243

Write **for** or **since**. I wonder where Joe is. I haven’t seen him __________ last week.

Answer 243

since. **"Since"** marks the specific time the action last happened. **Present perfect** tense is used. U12.1

Question 244

Write **for** or **since**. Jane is away on holiday. She’s been away __________ Friday.

Answer 244

since. **"Since"** is used with a particular point in time. **Present perfect** expresses ongoing status. U12.1

Question 245

Write **for** or **since**. The weather is dry. It hasn’t rained __________ a few weeks.

Answer 245

for. **"For"** indicates a period of time. **Present perfect** negative shows it hasn't rained during this time. U12.1

Question 246

Look at the answer and choose the right question. Answer: Ten years ago. How long have they been married? When did they get married?

Answer 246

When did they get married? **"When did..."** asks for a **specific time** in the past. **"How long have..."** refers to **duration**, which doesn’t match "ten years ago". **U12.2**

Question 247

Look at the answer and choose the right question. Answer: About five years. How long have you had this car? When did you buy this car?

Answer 247

How long have you had this car? **Present perfect** shows an action that started in the past and is still true. “About five years” tells us the **duration**, not a specific time. **U12.2**

Question 248

Look at the answer and choose the right question. Answer: Only a few minutes. How long have you been waiting? When did you get here?

Answer 248

How long have you been waiting? **Present perfect continuous** is used for actions that started recently and are still happening. "Only a few minutes" fits a **duration**. **U12.2**

Question 249

Look at the answer and choose the right question. Answer: September. How long have you been doing your course? When did your course start?

Answer 249

When did your course start? **"When did..."** asks for a **specific starting point** like "September". Not about how long it’s been. **U12.2**

Question 250

Look at the answer and choose the right question. Answer: Last week. How long has Anna been in London? When did Anna arrive in London?

Answer 250

When did Anna arrive in London? **"Last week"** is a **past point in time**, so we use **simple past**. **U12.2**

Question 251

Look at the answer and choose the right question. Answer: A long time. How long have you known each other? When did you first meet each other?

Answer 251

How long have you known each other? **Present perfect** expresses a relationship that started in the past and still exists. "A long time" refers to **duration**, not a specific date. **U12.2**

Question 252

Read the situations and complete the sentences. It’s raining. It’s been raining since lunchtime. It ___ at lunchtime.

Answer 252

It **started raining** at lunchtime. **Simple past** is used for when something began. The **present perfect continuous** ("has been raining") shows it’s still happening. **U12.3**

Question 253

Read the situations and complete the sentences. Ann and Jess are friends. They first met years ago. They’ve ___ years.

Answer 253

They’ve **known each other for** years. **Present perfect** + **for** shows a state (knowing) that began in the past and still continues. **U12.3**

Question 254

Read the situations and complete the sentences. Mark is unwell. He became ill on Sunday. He has ___ Sunday.

Answer 254

He has **been ill since** Sunday. **Present perfect** + **since** is used for a state that started at a **specific time** in the past. **U12.3**

Question 255

Read the situations and complete the sentences. Sarah is married. She's been married for a year. She got ___ .

Answer 255

She got **married a year ago**. **Simple past** with **ago** expresses when a completed action happened. **U12.3**

Question 256

Read the situations and complete the sentences. You have a headache. It started when you woke up. I’ve ___ I woke up.

Answer 256

I’ve **had a headache since** I woke up. **Present perfect** + **since** for an ongoing situation from a clear starting point. **U12.3**

Question 257

Read the situations and complete the sentences. Sue is in a meeting at work. It’s been going on since 9 o’clock. The meeting ___ at 9 o’clock.

Answer 257

The meeting **started** at 9 o’clock. Use **simple past** for actions with a definite starting time. **U12.3**

Question 258

Read the situations and complete the sentences. You’re working in a hotel. You started working there six months ago. I’ve been ___ .

Answer 258

I’ve been **working in a hotel for six months**. **Present perfect continuous** shows an activity that began in the past and is still happening. **U12.3**

Question 259

Read the situations and complete the sentences. Kate is learning Japanese. She’s been doing this for a long time. Kate started ___ .

Answer 259

Kate started **learning Japanese a long time ago**. Use **simple past** for when something began, and pair it with **"a long time ago"** to show it's not recent. **U12.3**

Question 260

Complete the answer. Do you often go on holiday? No, I ________ had a holiday for five years.

Answer 260

No, I haven’t had a holiday for five years. **Present perfect** is used with **for** to show duration from past to now. U12.4

Question 261

Complete the answer. Have you seen Lisa recently? No, I ________ her for about a month.

Answer 261

No, I haven’t seen her for about a month. **Present perfect** is used to express something that hasn't happened in a period that continues to the present. U12.4

Question 262

Complete the answer. Do you still go swimming regularly? No, I ________ for a long time.

Answer 262

No, I haven’t been swimming for a long time. **Present perfect continuous** expresses an action not done for a while until now. U12.4

Question 263

Complete the answer. Do you still ride a bike these days? No, I ________ for ages.

Answer 263

No, I haven’t ridden a bike for ages. **Present perfect** is used to indicate an action that hasn’t happened for a long period. U12.4

Question 264

Read the situations and complete the sentences. We are waiting for the bus. We started waiting 20 minutes ago. We ____________________________________________ for 20 minutes.

Answer 264

We’ve been waiting for 20 minutes. This uses the **present perfect continuous** to show an action that started in the past and is still happening. 'We have been waiting' = subject + **have/has been** + **-ing** verb. U9.3

Question 265

Read the situations and complete the sentences. I’m learning Japanese. I started classes in December. I ____________________________________________ since December.

Answer 265

I’ve been learning Japanese since December. This uses the **present perfect continuous** to describe an ongoing activity started in the past with a point in time. 'Have been learning' = subject + **have been** + **-ing** verb. U9.3

Question 266

Read the situations and complete the sentences. Jessica is working in a hotel. She started working there on 18 January. ____________________________________________ since 18 January.

Answer 266

She’s been working in a hotel since 18 January. The **present perfect continuous** shows that Jessica started in the past and is still working. 'She has been working' = subject + **has been** + **-ing** verb. U9.3

Question 267

Read the situations and complete the sentences. Our friends always go to Italy for their holidays. The first time was years ago. ____________________________________________ for years.

Answer 267

They’ve been going to Italy for years. This uses the **present perfect continuous** for a repeated action over time. 'Have been going' = subject + **have been** + **-ing** verb. U9.3

Question 268

It’s raining. The rain started two hours ago. It ____________________________________________ for two hours.

Answer 268

It’s been raining for two hours. This is the **present perfect continuous** used to express duration of an action still happening. 'It has been raining' = subject + **has been** + **-ing** verb. U9.3

Question 269

Are the underlined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary. 1. I’ve **lost** my key. I can’t find it anywhere.

Answer 269

I’ve lost my key. I can’t find it anywhere. ✅ Correct. **Present perfect** is used for a past action with present relevance. U14.1

Question 270

Are the underlined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary. 2. **Have you eaten** a lot of sweets when you were a child?

Answer 270

Did you eat a lot of sweets when you were a child? ❌ Incorrect. Use **past simple** for a finished time in the past ('when you were a child'). U14.1

Question 271

Are the underlined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary. 3. I’ve **bought** a new car. You must come and see it.

Answer 271

I’ve bought a new car. You must come and see it. ✅ Correct. **Present perfect** is used for a recent action with present relevance. U14.1

Question 272

Are the underlined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary. 4. I’ve **bought** a new car last week.

Answer 272

I bought a new car last week. ❌ Incorrect. Use **past simple** with a specific past time ('last week'). U14.1

Question 273

Are the underlined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary. 5. Where **have you been** yesterday evening?

Answer 273

Where were you yesterday evening? ❌ Incorrect. Use **past simple** with a definite time in the past ('yesterday evening'). U14.1

Question 274

Are the underlined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary. 6. Maria **has left** school in 1999.

Answer 274

Maria left school in 1999. ❌ Incorrect. Use **past simple** with a finished time expression ('in 1999'). U14.1

Question 275

Are the underlined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary. 7. I’m looking for Mike. **Have you seen** him?

Answer 275

I’m looking for Mike. Have you seen him? ✅ Correct. **Present perfect** is used to ask about a recent action relevant now. U14.1

Question 276

Are the underlined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary. 8. ‘**Have you been** to Paris?’ ‘Yes, many times.’

Answer 276

‘Have you been to Paris?’ ‘Yes, many times.’ ✅ Correct. **Present perfect** is used to talk about life experiences. U14.1

Question 277

Are the underlined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary. 9. I’m very hungry. I **haven’t eaten** much today.

Answer 277

I’m very hungry. I haven’t eaten much today. ✅ Correct. **Present perfect** is used with 'today' for an unfinished time period. U14.1

Question 278

Are the underlined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary. 10. When **has this bridge been** built?

Answer 278

When was this bridge built? ❌ Incorrect. Use **past simple passive** with a definite past event ('when'). U14.1

Question 279

Make sentences from the words in brackets. Use the present perfect or past simple. (it / not / rain / this week)

Answer 279

It hasn’t rained this week. **Present perfect** is used for actions in a time period that includes the present (e.g., “this week”). U14.2

Question 280

Make sentences from the words in brackets. Use the present perfect or past simple. (the weather / be / cold / recently)

Answer 280

The weather has been cold recently. **Present perfect** is used with “recently” to describe a situation continuing up to now. U14.2

Question 281

Make sentences from the words in brackets. Use the present perfect or past simple. (it / cold / last week)

Answer 281

It was cold last week. **Past simple** is used for completed actions in a finished time (e.g., “last week”). U14.2

Question 282

Make sentences from the words in brackets. Use the present perfect or past simple. (I / not / eat / any fruit yesterday)

Answer 282

I didn’t eat any fruit yesterday. **Past simple** is used with specific past time expressions like “yesterday.” U14.2

Question 283

Make sentences from the words in brackets. Use the present perfect or past simple. (I / not / eat / any fruit today)

Answer 283

I haven’t eaten any fruit today. **Present perfect** is used when the time period (e.g., “today”) is not yet finished. U14.2

Question 284

Make sentences from the words in brackets. Use the present perfect or past simple. (Emily / earn / a lot of money / this year)

Answer 284

Emily has earned a lot of money this year. **Present perfect** is used with “this year” to refer to a time period including the present. U14.2

Question 285

Make sentences from the words in brackets. Use the present perfect or past simple. (she / not / earn / so much / last year)

Answer 285

She didn’t earn so much last year. **Past simple** is used with a finished past time expression like “last year.” U14.2

Question 286

Make sentences from the words in brackets. Use the present perfect or past simple. (you / have / a holiday recently?)

Answer 286

Have you had a holiday recently? **Present perfect** is used with “recently” to ask about experiences up to now. U14.2

Question 287

Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple. (I / not / be) to Canada, but I’d like to go there.

Answer 287

I haven’t been to Canada, but I’d like to go there. **Present perfect** is used for experiences up to now. U14.3

Question 288

Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple. Paul and Lucy (arrive) about ten minutes ago.

Answer 288

Paul and Lucy arrived about ten minutes ago. **Past simple** is used with specific past time expressions like “ten minutes ago.” U14.3

Question 289

Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple. I’m tired. (I / not / sleep) well last night.

Answer 289

I’m tired. I didn’t sleep well last night. **Past simple** is used with “last night,” a finished time. U14.3

Question 290

Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple. (There / be) a bus drivers’ strike last week, so (there / be) no buses.

Answer 290

There was a bus drivers’ strike last week, so there were no buses. **Past simple** is used with “last week,” a completed past time. U14.3

Question 291

Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple. Edward (work) in a bank for 15 years. Then (he / give) it up.

Answer 291

Edward worked in a bank for 15 years. Then he gave it up. **Past simple** is used for a finished period in the past. U14.3

Question 292

Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple. Mary lives in Dublin. (She / live) there all her life.

Answer 292

Mary lives in Dublin. She has lived there all her life. **Present perfect** is used for life experiences up to now. U14.3

Question 293

Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple. My grandfather (die) before I was born. (I / never / meet) him.

Answer 293

My grandfather died before I was born. I’ve never met him. **Past simple** for “died” (finished action); **present perfect** for life experience. U14.3

Question 294

Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple. I don’t know Karen’s husband. (I / never / meet) him.

Answer 294

I don’t know Karen’s husband. I’ve never met him. **Present perfect** is used for experiences that affect the present. U14.3

Question 295

Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple. It’s nearly lunchtime, and (I / not / see) Martin all morning.

Answer 295

It’s nearly lunchtime, and I haven’t seen Martin all morning. **Present perfect** with “all morning” (unfinished time). U14.3

Question 296

Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple. A: (you / go) to the cinema last night? B: Yes, but the movie (be) awful.

Answer 296

A: Did you go to the cinema last night? B: Yes, but the movie was awful. **Past simple** is used for specific finished past time (“last night”). U14.3

Question 297

Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple. A: (It / be) very warm here since we arrived. B: Yes, (it / be) 35 degrees yesterday.

Answer 297

A: It has been very warm here since we arrived. B: Yes, it was 35 degrees yesterday. **Present perfect** with “since”; **past simple** with “yesterday.” U14.3

Question 298

Read the situations and make sentences using the words in brackets. Tom was very tired when he got home. (He / work / hard all day)

Answer 298

He’d been working hard all day. This is the **past perfect continuous**, used to show an action that was ongoing before another past event. U16.1

Question 299

Read the situations and make sentences using the words in brackets. The children came into the house. They had a football and they were both very tired. (They / play / football)

Answer 299

They’d been playing football. The **past perfect continuous** expresses an action that had been happening before another past event. U16.1

Question 300

Read the situations and make sentences using the words in brackets. I was disappointed when I had to cancel my holiday. (I / look / forward to it)

Answer 300

I’d been looking forward to it. Use the **past perfect continuous** to show emotional anticipation leading up to a past event. U16.1

Question 301

Read the situations and make sentences using the words in brackets. Anna woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and didn’t know where she was. (She / have / a bad dream)

Answer 301

She’d been having a bad dream. The **past perfect continuous** shows an action or state that was ongoing before another past action. U16.1

Question 302

Read the situations and make sentences using the words in brackets. When I got home, Mark was sitting in front of the TV. He had just turned it off. (He / watch / a film)

Answer 302

He’d been watching a film. Use the **past perfect continuous** for an activity that had just finished before another past action. U16.1

Question 303

Read the situations and make sentences using the words in brackets. The people waiting at the bus stop were getting impatient. The bus was very late. (They / wait / a long time)

Answer 303

They’d been waiting a long time. The **past perfect continuous** emphasizes the duration of an action before a past moment. U16.1

Question 304

Read the situation and complete the sentences. We played tennis yesterday. We didn’t finish our game. (We / play) for half an hour when (it / start) to rain.

Answer 304

We’d been playing for half an hour when it started to rain. Use the **past perfect continuous** for an activity in progress before something else happened in the **past simple**. U16.2

Question 305

Read the situation and complete the sentences. I had arranged to meet Tom in a restaurant. I arrived and waited for him to come. (I / wait) for 20 minutes when (I / realise) that (I / be) in the wrong restaurant.

Answer 305

I’d been waiting for 20 minutes when I realised that I was in the wrong restaurant. The **past perfect continuous** shows the duration before the **past simple** action of realising. Use **past simple** for the state verb 'be.' U16.2

Question 306

Read the situation and complete the sentences. Sarah worked in a company for a long time. The company no longer exists. At the time the company (go) out of business, Sarah (work) there for twelve years.

Answer 306

At the time the company went out of business, Sarah had been working there for twelve years. **Past perfect continuous** emphasizes how long something had been happening before a **past simple** event. U16.2

Question 307

Read the situation and complete the sentences. I went to a concert. Soon after the orchestra began playing, something strange happened. The orchestra (play) for about ten minutes when a man in the audience suddenly (start) shouting.

Answer 307

The orchestra had been playing for about ten minutes when a man in the audience suddenly started shouting. Use **past perfect continuous** for an ongoing activity and **past simple** for the sudden event that interrupted it. U16.2

Question 308

Read the situation and complete the sentences. Make your own sentence: I began walking along the road. I ... when ...

Answer 308

I’d been walking for a few minutes when I saw a wallet lying on the ground. This combines **past perfect continuous** (I’d been walking) with **past simple** (I saw) to show sequence. U16.2

Question 309

Which is right? It was noisy next door last night. Our neighbours *were having / had been having* a party.

Answer 309

*were having* is correct. Use the **past continuous** for an action happening at a specific moment in the past. U16.3

Question 310

Which is right? At the end of our journey we were extremely tired. *We were travelling / We’d been travelling* for more than 24 hours.

Answer 310

*We’d been travelling* is correct. Use the **past perfect continuous** to show duration before a past event. U16.3

Question 311

Which is right? James was on his hands and knees on the floor. *He was looking / He’d been looking* for his contact lens.

Answer 311

*He’d been looking* is correct. **Past perfect continuous** shows an ongoing activity that happened before another past action. U16.3

Question 312

Which is right? Sue was sitting on the ground. She was out of breath. *She was running / She’d been running*.

Answer 312

*She’d been running* is correct. Use the **past perfect continuous** to explain a result in the past. U16.3

Question 313

Which is right? John and I went for a walk. *He was walking / He’d been walking* very fast and I had difficulty keeping up with him.

Answer 313

*He’d been walking* is correct. The **past perfect continuous** highlights a prior action influencing a later moment. U16.3

Question 314

Which is right? I was sad when I sold my car. *I’ve had it / I’d had it* for a very long time.

Answer 314

*I’d had it* is correct. Use the **past perfect** to show possession that started earlier and ended in the past. U16.3

Question 315

Which is right? I was sad when my local cafe closed. *I was going / I’d been going* there for many years.

Answer 315

*I’d been going* is correct. **Past perfect continuous** emphasizes repeated action over a span of time. U16.3

Question 316

Which is right? I’m running a marathon next month. *I’ve been training / I’d been training* for it every day.

Answer 316

*I’ve been training* is correct. The **present perfect continuous** connects past practice with present relevance. U16.3

Question 317

Which is right? I had arranged to meet Kate, but I was late. When I finally arrived, *she was waiting / she’d been waiting* for me. She was annoyed because *she was waiting / she’d been waiting* such a long time.

Answer 317

*she’d been waiting ... she’d been waiting* is correct. The **past perfect continuous** expresses both duration and cause of the annoyance. U16.3

Question 318

Which is right? Joe and I work for the same company. He joined the company before me. When I started a few years ago, *he was already working / he’d already been working* there.

Answer 318

*he was already working* is correct. **Past continuous** works here with *already* to show what was true at that time. U16.3

Question 319

Which is right? I started working at the company a few years ago. At the time I started, Joe *was already working / had already been working* there for two years.

Answer 319

*had already been working* is correct. Use the **past perfect continuous** to show how long something had been happening before another past event. U16.3

Question 320

Which is right? Joe still works for the company. *He’s been working / He’d been working* there a long time now.

Answer 320

*He’s been working* is correct. The **present perfect continuous** is used for actions continuing into the present. U16.3

Question 321

Complete the sentences with *used to* + a suitable verb. Sophie _____________________________ a motorbike, but last year she sold it and bought a car.

Answer 321

Sophie **used to ride** a motorbike, but last year she sold it and bought a car. ✔ *Used to* is followed by the **base form** of the verb (**ride**) to describe a **past habit** that no longer happens. *U18.1*

Question 322

Complete the sentences with *used to* + a suitable verb. Our friends moved to Spain a few years ago. They _____________________________ in Paris.

Answer 322

They **used to live** in Paris. ✔ *Used to live* describes a **past situation** that has now changed. *U18.1*

Question 323

Complete the sentences with *used to* + a suitable verb. Jackie _____________________________ my best friend, but we aren’t friends any more.

Answer 323

Jackie **used to be** my best friend, but we aren’t friends any more. ✔ *Used to be* expresses a **former state** that is no longer true. *U18.1*

Question 324

Complete the sentences with *used to* + a suitable verb. I rarely eat ice cream now, but I _____________________________ it when I was a child.

Answer 324

I **used to eat** it when I was a child. ✔ *Used to eat* indicates a **past habit** that no longer occurs. *U18.1*

Question 325

Complete the sentences with *used to* + a suitable verb. It only takes me about 40 minutes to get to work now that the new road is open. It _____________________________ more than an hour.

Answer 325

It **used to take** more than an hour. ✔ *Used to take* shows how things were **different in the past**. *U18.1*

Question 326

Complete the sentences with *used to* + a suitable verb. There _____________________________ a hotel near the airport, but it closed a long time ago.

Answer 326

There **used to be** a hotel near the airport, but it closed a long time ago. ✔ *Used to be* indicates a **former existence** of something. *U18.1*

Question 327

Complete the sentences with *used to* + a suitable verb. I _____________________________ in a factory. It wasn’t my favourite job.

Answer 327

I **used to work** in a factory. It wasn’t my favourite job. ✔ *Used to work* expresses a **previous employment** that no longer continues. *U18.1*

Question 328

Write a question with *going to*. Your friend has won some money. You ask: (what / do?)

Answer 328

What are you going to do with it? This uses the **'going to' future form** to ask about someone's **intention or plan**. *U20.1*

Question 329

Write a question with *going to*. Your friend is going to a wedding next week. You ask: (what / wear?)

Answer 329

What are you going to wear? This question uses **'going to' + base verb** to ask about a **planned action** in the near future. *U20.1*

Question 330

Write a question with *going to*. Your friend has just bought a new table. You ask: (where / put?)

Answer 330

Where are you going to put it? 'Where' introduces the question, and **'going to'** shows intention for the **future placement** of the item. *U20.1*

Question 331

Write a question with *going to*. Your friend has decided to have a party. You ask: (who / invite?)

Answer 331

Who are you going to invite? This uses **'going to'** to ask about a **planned decision** involving people. *U20.1*

Question 332

Write a question with *going to*. Your friend has bought some fish for dinner. You ask: (how / cook?)

Answer 332

How are you going to cook it? This question uses **'going to' + base verb** to ask about **planned preparation**. *U20.1*

Question 333

What is going to happen in this situation? Use the words in brackets. There are a lot of black clouds in the sky. (rain)

Answer 333

It's going to rain. This is a **prediction** based on clear **present evidence** — the clouds suggest that rain is imminent. *U20.3*

Question 334

What is going to happen in this situation? Use the words in brackets. It is 8.30. Tom is leaving home. He has to be at work at 8.45, but the journey takes 30 minutes. (late)

Answer 334

He is going to be late. This uses **'going to'** to show a **logical prediction** based on time and travel facts. *U20.3*

Question 335

What is going to happen in this situation? Use the words in brackets. There is a hole in the bottom of the boat. A lot of water is coming in through the hole. (sink)

Answer 335

The boat is going to sink. **'Going to'** expresses a **near-future event** that seems certain due to current conditions (water entering the boat). *U20.3*

Question 336

What is going to happen in this situation? Use the words in brackets. Amy and Ben are driving. The tank is nearly empty. It’s a long way to the nearest petrol station. (run out)

Answer 336

They are going to run out of petrol. The sentence predicts a **likely event** using the **'going to' future form** with current evidence (low fuel). *U20.3*

Question 337

What is going to happen in this situation? Use the words in brackets. Sarah’s car was badly damaged in an accident. Now it has to be repaired. (cost a lot)

Answer 337

It’s going to cost a lot to repair the car. The **'going to' construction** expresses a **realistic expectation** about future cost. *U20.3*

Question 338

Complete the sentence with *I'll* + a suitable verb. ‘How are you going to get home?’ ‘I think ______________ a taxi.’

Answer 338

I’ll take a taxi. **'I'll' + base verb** is used here to express a **decision made at the moment**. *U21.1*

Question 339

Complete the sentence with *I'll* + a suitable verb. ‘It’s cold in this room.’ ‘Is it? ______________ on the heating then.’

Answer 339

I’ll put on the heating then. **'I'll'** is used for a **spontaneous offer** to help with the situation. *U21.1*

Question 340

Complete the sentence with *I'll* + a suitable verb. ‘Are you free next Friday?’ ‘Let me see. ______________ my diary.’

Answer 340

I’ll check my diary. This is a **quick decision** to check availability, using **'I'll' + verb**. *U21.1*

Question 341

Complete the sentence with *I'll* + a suitable verb. ‘Shall I do the washing-up?’ ‘No, it’s all right. ______________ it later.’

Answer 341

I’ll do it later. **'I'll'** is used to make a **promise** or **intention** about a future task. *U21.1*

Question 342

Complete the sentence with *I'll* + a suitable verb. ‘I don’t know how to use this phone.’ ‘OK, ______________ you.’

Answer 342

I’ll help you. This is an **offer** to assist, expressed with **'I'll' + base verb**. *U21.1*

Question 343

Complete the sentence with *I'll* + a suitable verb. ‘Would you like tea or coffee?’ ‘______________ coffee, please.’

Answer 343

I’ll have coffee, please. **'I'll have'** expresses a **decision made instantly** in response to a choice. *U21.1*

Question 344

Complete the sentence with *I'll* + a suitable verb. ‘Are you coming with us?’ ‘No, I think ______________ here.’

Answer 344

I’ll stay here. Used to express a **quick decision** not to join others. *U21.1*

Question 345

Complete the sentence with *I'll* + a suitable verb. ‘Can you finish this report today?’ ‘Well, ______________ , but I can’t promise.’

Answer 345

I’ll try, but I can’t promise. **'I'll try'** is used to show **willingness** or **intention**, even if success isn’t certain. *U21.1*

Question 346

Read the situation and complete the sentence with *I think I’ll...* or *I don’t think I’ll...*. It’s a bit cold. The window is open and you decide to close it. It’s cold with the window open.

Answer 346

I think I’ll close it. **'I think I’ll'** is used for a **decision made at the moment**. *U21.2*

Question 347

Read the situation and complete the sentence with *I think I’ll...* or *I don’t think I’ll...*. You are feeling tired and it’s getting late. You decide to go to bed. I’m tired, so...

Answer 347

I think I’ll go to bed. This expresses a **spontaneous decision** using **'I think I’ll'**. *U21.2*

Question 348

Read the situation and complete the sentence with *I think I’ll...* or *I don’t think I’ll...*. The weather is nice and you need some exercise. You decide to go for a walk. It’s a lovely morning...

Answer 348

I think I’ll go for a walk. This sentence shows **immediate intention** triggered by the current situation. *U21.2*

Question 349

Read the situation and complete the sentence with *I think I’ll...* or *I don’t think I’ll...*. You were going to have lunch. Now you decide you don’t want to eat anything. I don’t feel hungry any more...

Answer 349

I don’t think I’ll have lunch. **'I don’t think I’ll'** is used to express a **change of mind** or cancelled plan. *U21.2*

Question 350

Read the situation and complete the sentence with *I think I’ll...* or *I don’t think I’ll...*. You planned to go swimming today. Now you decide not to go. I’ve got a lot to do, so...

Answer 350

I don’t think I’ll go swimming today. This shows a **reconsidered decision**, using **'I don’t think I’ll'**. *U21.2*

Question 351

Which is correct? ‘Did you call Max?’ ‘Oh no, I forgot. __call / I’ll call__ him now.’

Answer 351

I’ll call him now. **'I’ll call'** is correct because it's a **decision made at the moment of speaking**. *U21.3*

Question 352

Which is correct? I can’t meet you tomorrow morning. __I’m playing / I’ll play__ tennis.

Answer 352

I’m playing tennis. **'I’m playing'** is correct — the **present continuous** is used for **arranged future plans**. *U21.3*

Question 353

Which is correct? ‘I meet / I’ll meet you outside the hotel at 10.30, OK?’

Answer 353

I’ll meet you outside the hotel at 10.30. **'I’ll meet'** is correct for a **promise or decision about a future event**. *U21.3*

Question 354

Which is correct? ‘Please don’t go yet.’ ‘OK, __I’m staying / I’ll stay__ a little longer, but I have to go soon.’

Answer 354

I’ll stay a little longer. **'I’ll stay'** is used here because it’s a **spontaneous agreement**. *U21.3*

Question 355

Which is correct? __I’m having / I’ll have__ a party next Saturday. I hope you can come.

Answer 355

I’m having a party next Saturday. **'I’m having'** is correct — we use the **present continuous** for **fixed future arrangements**. *U21.3*

Question 356

Which is correct? ‘Remember to lock the door when you go out.’ ‘OK. __I don’t forget / I won’t forget__.’

Answer 356

I won’t forget. **'I won’t forget'** expresses a **promise** for the future. *U21.3*

Question 357

Which is correct? ‘Do you have any plans for the weekend?’ ‘Yes, __we’re going / we’ll go__ to a wedding.’

Answer 357

We’re going to a wedding. **'We’re going'** is used because it’s a **planned event** — present continuous for future arrangements. *U21.3*

Question 358

Which is correct? ‘__Are you doing / Will you do__ anything tomorrow evening?’ ‘No, I’m free. Why?’

Answer 358

Are you doing anything tomorrow evening? **'Are you doing'** is correct for **planned or arranged events** in the near future. *U21.3*

Question 359

Which is correct? ‘__Do you do / Will you do__ something for me?’ ‘It depends. What do you want me to do?’

Answer 359

Will you do something for me? **'Will you do'** is used for **requests** or **offers**. *U21.3*

Question 360

Which is correct? ‘__Do you go / Will you go__ to work by car?’ ‘Not usually. I prefer to walk.’

Answer 360

Do you go to work by car? **'Do you go'** is correct because it refers to **routine or habit**. *U21.3*

Question 361

Which is correct? I asked Sue what had happened, but she __doesn’t tell / won’t tell__ me.

Answer 361

Won’t tell me. **'Won’t tell'** shows **refusal or unwillingness** in the future. *U21.3*

Question 362

Which is correct? I don’t know if I can win the race tomorrow, but __I’m doing / I’ll do__ my best.

Answer 362

I’ll do my best. **'I’ll do'** is correct because it shows a **promise or intention** for the future. *U21.3*

Question 363

What do you say in this situation? Use *Shall I...* or *Shall we...*. You and a friend want to do something this evening, but you don’t know what. You say:

Answer 363

What shall we do this evening? Use **'Shall we'** to suggest doing something together. *U21.4*

Question 364

What do you say in this situation? Use *Shall I...* or *Shall we...*. You and a friend are going on holiday together, but you have to decide where. You ask your friend:

Answer 364

Where shall we go? **'Shall we'** is used to ask for suggestions involving both people. *U21.4*

Question 365

What do you say in this situation? Use *Shall I...* or *Shall we...*. You try on a jacket in a shop. You are not sure whether to buy it or not. You ask a friend for advice:

Answer 365

Shall I buy it? **'Shall I'** is used when you're offering or deciding on a personal action and want advice. *U21.4*

Question 366

What do you say in this situation? Use *Shall I...* or *Shall we...*. You and a friend are going out. You have to decide whether to get a taxi or to walk. You ask your friend:

Answer 366

Shall we walk or shall we get a taxi? **'Shall we'** is used to present **choices** for a shared plan. *U21.4*

Question 367

What do you say in this situation? Use *Shall I...* or *Shall we...*. It’s Helen’s birthday soon. You want to give her a present, but what? You ask a friend:

Answer 367

What shall we get her? **'Shall we'** fits because you're making a **suggestion for shared action** (choosing a gift). *U21.4*

Question 368

What do you say in this situation? Use *Shall I...* or *Shall we...*. You’re meeting a friend tomorrow, but you have to decide what time. You say:

Answer 368

What time shall we meet? **'Shall we'** asks for a suggestion or agreement on plans with someone else. *U21.4*

Question 369

Read the situation and complete the sentence. It’s raining. The rain started two hours ago. It ______________________ for two hours.

Answer 369

It’s been raining for two hours. The **present perfect continuous** is used to describe an action that began in the past and is still happening now. *U9.3*

Question 370

Read the situation and complete the sentence. We are waiting for the bus. We started waiting 20 minutes ago. We ______________________ for 20 minutes.

Answer 370

We’ve been waiting for 20 minutes. Use the **present perfect continuous** to show duration of an activity that began in the past and continues now. *U9.3*

Question 371

Read the situation and complete the sentence. I’m learning Japanese. I started classes in December. I ______________________ since December.

Answer 371

I’ve been learning Japanese since December. The **present perfect continuous** + 'since' is used for actions continuing from a specific point in time. *U9.3*

Question 372

Read the situation and complete the sentence. Jessica is working in a hotel. She started working there on 18 January. ______________________ since 18 January.

Answer 372

She’s been working in a hotel since 18 January. Use **present perfect continuous** with 'since' to show ongoing actions from a fixed time. *U9.3*

Question 373

Read the situation and complete the sentence. Our friends always go to Italy for their holidays. The first time was years ago. ______________________ for years.

Answer 373

They’ve been going to Italy for years. The **present perfect continuous** expresses repeated actions over a period of time. *U9.3*

Question 374

Put the verb into the present continuous or present perfect continuous. (Maria / learn) English for two years. Maria __________________________________________

Answer 374

Maria has been learning English for two years. Use the **present perfect continuous** to show an action that started in the past and is still happening now. *U9.4*

Question 375

Put the verb into the present continuous or present perfect continuous. Hi, Tom. __________________________________________ (I / look) for you. I need to ask you something.

Answer 375

Hi, Tom. I’ve been looking for you. The **present perfect continuous** is used because the action started in the recent past and has present relevance. *U9.4*

Question 376

Put the verb into the present continuous or present perfect continuous. Why __________________________________________ (you / look) at me like that? Stop it!

Answer 376

Why are you looking at me like that? The **present continuous** is used for actions happening at the moment of speaking. *U9.4*

Question 377

Put the verb into the present continuous or present perfect continuous. Rachel is a teacher. __________________________________________ (she / teach) for ten years.

Answer 377

She has been teaching for ten years. Use the **present perfect continuous** to show the action began in the past and is still continuing. *U9.4*

Question 378

Put the verb into the present continuous or present perfect continuous. __________________________________________ (I / think) about what you said and I’ve decided to take your advice.

Answer 378

I’ve been thinking about what you said and I’ve decided to take your advice. The **present perfect continuous** emphasizes the recent duration and mental activity. *U9.4*

Question 379

Put the verb into the present continuous or present perfect continuous. ‘Is Paul on holiday this week?’ ‘No, __________________________________________ (he / work).’

Answer 379

No, he’s working. Use the **present continuous** to describe what someone is doing now or around now. *U9.4*

Question 380

Put the verb into the present continuous or present perfect continuous. Sarah is very tired. __________________________________________ (she / work) very hard recently.

Answer 380

She’s been working very hard recently. The **present perfect continuous** is used to show a recent activity that has a present effect. *U9.4*

Question 381

Put the verb into the present continuous or present perfect continuous. It’s dangerous to use your phone when __________________________________________ (you / drive).

Answer 381

It’s dangerous to use your phone when you’re driving. Use the **present continuous** for actions happening at the same time as speaking or as part of general truths. *U9.4*

Question 382

Put the verb into the present continuous or present perfect continuous. Laura __________________________________________ (travel) in South America for the last three months.

Answer 382

Laura has been traveling in South America for the last three months. The **present perfect continuous** is used to show the duration of an ongoing action. *U9.4*

Question 383

Read the situation and write the question using the words in brackets. A friend tells you that Paul is in hospital. You ask him: (how long / Paul / hospital?)

Answer 383

How long has Paul been in hospital? Use the **present perfect continuous** to ask about the duration of an ongoing situation. *U11.2*

Question 384

Read the situation and write the question using the words in brackets. You know that Jane is a good friend of Katherine’s. You ask Jane: (how long / you / know / Katherine?)

Answer 384

How long have you known Katherine? Use the **present perfect simple** with stative verbs like *know* that don't take the -ing form. *U11.2*

Question 385

Read the situation and write the question using the words in brackets. Your friend’s sister went to Australia some time ago and she’s still there. You ask your friend: (how long / sister / in Australia?)

Answer 385

How long has your sister been in Australia? Use the **present perfect simple** to ask how long someone has been in a place. *U11.2*

Question 386

Read the situation and write the question using the words in brackets. You meet a woman who tells you that she teaches English. You ask her: (how long / you / teach / English?)

Answer 386

How long have you been teaching English? Use the **present perfect continuous** to focus on the duration of the activity. *U11.2*

Question 387

Read the situation and write the question using the words in brackets. Tom always wears the same jacket. It’s very old. You ask him: (how long / you / have / that jacket?)

Answer 387

How long have you had that jacket? Use the **present perfect simple** with the verb *have* to show possession over time. *U11.2*

Question 388

Read the situation and write the question using the words in brackets. You are talking to a friend about Joe, who now works at the airport. You ask your friend: (how long / Joe / work / airport?)

Answer 388

How long has Joe been working at the airport? Use the **present perfect continuous** to ask about an ongoing job or activity. *U11.2*

Question 389

Read the situation and write the question using the words in brackets. You meet somebody on a plane. She says that she lives in Chicago. You ask her: (you / always / live / in Chicago?)

Answer 389

Have you always lived in Chicago? Use the **present perfect simple** with *always* to ask about a situation that has remained unchanged. *U11.2*

Question 390

Are the underlined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary.\nDid you hear about Sophie? She's given up her job.

Answer 390

She's given up her job is **correct**. The **present perfect** is used for recent actions with a present result.\n*U13.2*

Question 391

Are the underlined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary.\nMy mother has grown up in Italy.

Answer 391

My mother grew up in Italy.\nUse the **past simple** (grew up) for a finished action in the past with a clear time reference.\n*U13.2*

Question 392

Are the underlined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary.\nHow many plays has William Shakespeare written?

Answer 392

How many plays has William Shakespeare written? is **correct**. The **present perfect** is used for actions with present relevance by a historical figure.\n*U13.2*

Question 393

Are the underlined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary.\nI've forgotten his name. Is it Joe or Jack?

Answer 393

I've forgotten his name is **correct**. The **present perfect** expresses a recent event affecting the present.\n*U13.2*

Question 394

Are the underlined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary.\nWho has invented paper?

Answer 394

Who invented paper?\nUse the **past simple** (invented) for an event completed in the distant past.\n*U13.2*

Question 395

Are the underlined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary.\nDrugs have become a big problem everywhere.

Answer 395

Drugs have become a big problem everywhere is **correct**. The **present perfect** describes a recent change affecting the present.\n*U13.2*

Question 396

Are the underlined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary.\nWe’ve washed the car, but now it’s dirty again.

Answer 396

We've washed the car is **correct**. The **present perfect** is used for a completed action with relevance to the present situation.\n*U13.2*

Question 397

Are the underlined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary.\nWhere have you been born?

Answer 397

Where were you born?\nUse the **past simple** (were born) for facts about the past such as birth.\n*U13.2*

Question 398

Are the underlined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary.\nEllie has gone shopping. She’ll be back in about an hour.

Answer 398

Ellie has gone shopping is **correct**. **Has gone** implies she is still away.\n*U13.2*

Question 399

Are the underlined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary.\nAlbert Einstein has been the scientist who has developed the theory of relativity.

Answer 399

Albert Einstein was the scientist who developed the theory of relativity.\nUse the **past simple** (was, developed) for someone who is no longer alive and events completed in the past.\n*U13.2*

Question 400

Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple.\nIt _______ raining for a while, but now it’s raining again. (it / stop)

Answer 400

It stopped raining for a while, but now it’s raining again.\nUse the **past simple** (stopped) for a completed action in the past.\n*U13.3*

Question 401

Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple.\nThe town where I live is very different now. It _______ a lot. (it / change)

Answer 401

It has changed a lot.\nUse the **present perfect** (has changed) to show a change over time with present relevance.\n*U13.3*

Question 402

Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple.\nI studied German at school, but I _______ most of it now. (I / forget)

Answer 402

I have forgotten most of it now.\nUse the **present perfect** (have forgotten) for a past action affecting the present.\n*U13.3*

Question 403

Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple.\nThe police _______ three people, but later they let them go. (arrest)

Answer 403

The police arrested three people, but later they let them go.\nUse the **past simple** (arrested) for a completed action at a definite time in the past.\n*U13.3*

Question 404

Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple.\nWhat do you think of my English? Do you think it _______? (it / improve)

Answer 404

Do you think it has improved?\nUse the **present perfect** (has improved) for recent progress with present effect.\n*U13.3*

Question 405

Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple.\nAre you ready to go? _______ your coffee? (you / finish)

Answer 405

Have you finished your coffee?\nUse the **present perfect** (have finished) to ask about a recent completed action.\n*U13.3*

Question 406

Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple.\n_______ for a job as a tour guide, but I wasn’t successful. (I / apply)

Answer 406

I applied for a job as a tour guide, but I wasn’t successful.\nUse the **past simple** (applied) for a specific event in the past.\n*U13.3*

Question 407

Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple.\nWhere’s my bike? It _______ outside the house, but it’s not there now. (it / be)

Answer 407

It was outside the house, but it’s not there now.\nUse the **past simple** (was) to describe a previous state that has changed.\n*U13.3*

Question 408

Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple.\nQuick! We need to call an ambulance. There _______ an accident. (there / be)

Answer 408

There has been an accident.\nUse the **present perfect** (has been) for a recent event with present consequences.\n*U13.3*

Question 409

Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple.\nA: I’ve found my phone.\nB: Oh, good. Where _______ it? (you / find)

Answer 409

Where did you find it?\nUse the **past simple** (did find) to ask about a specific completed event.\n*U13.3*

Question 410

Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple.\nA: Ben won’t be able to play tennis for a while. He _______ his arm. (he / break)\nB: Oh. How _______? (that / happen)

Answer 410

He has broken his arm.\nUse the **present perfect** (has broken) for recent news affecting the present.\nHow did that happen?\nUse the **past simple** (did happen) to ask about the specific cause of a recent event.\n*U13.3*

Question 411

Read the situation and write a sentence using the words in brackets.\nThere was a picture lying on the floor. (It / fall / off the wall)

Answer 411

It had fallen off the wall. Use the **past perfect** (had fallen) for an action completed before another past event. *U15.1*

Question 412

Read the situation and write a sentence using the words in brackets.\nThe people sitting next to you on the plane were nervous. It was their first flight. (They / not / fly / before)

Answer 412

They hadn’t flown before. Use the **past perfect negative** (hadn’t flown) to describe a first-time experience before a past event. *U15.1*

Question 413

Read the situation and write a sentence using the words in brackets.\nYou went back to your home town recently after many years. It wasn’t the same as before. (It / change / a lot)

Answer 413

It had changed a lot. Use the **past perfect** (had changed) to show a change that happened before your return. *U15.1*

Question 414

Read the situation and write a sentence using the words in brackets.\nSomebody sang a song. You didn’t know it. (I / not / hear / it / before)

Answer 414

I hadn’t heard it before. Use the **past perfect** (hadn’t heard) to explain unfamiliarity with a song before someone sang it. *U15.1*

Question 415

Read the situation and write a sentence using the words in brackets.\nI invited Rachel to the party, but she couldn’t come. (She / arrange / to do something else)

Answer 415

She had arranged to do something else. Use the **past perfect** (had arranged) for an earlier commitment that caused the refusal. *U15.1*

Question 416

Read the situation and write a sentence using the words in brackets.\nYou went to the cinema last night. You got to the cinema late. (The film / already / start)

Answer 416

The film had already started. Use the **past perfect** (had started) to indicate the movie began before you arrived. *U15.1*

Question 417

Read the situation and write a sentence using the words in brackets.\nLast year we went to Mexico. It was our first time there. (We / not / be / there / before)

Answer 417

We hadn’t been there before. Use the **past perfect** (hadn’t been) to describe a first-time experience before the trip. *U15.1*

Question 418

Read the situation and write a sentence using the words in brackets.\nI met Daniel last week. It was good to see him again after such a long time. (I / not / see / him for five years)

Answer 418

I hadn’t seen him for five years. Use the **past perfect** (hadn’t seen) to emphasize the time gap before meeting him again. *U15.1*

Question 419

Read the situation and write a sentence using the words in brackets.\nI offered my friends something to eat, but they weren’t hungry. (They / just / have / lunch)

Answer 419

They had just had lunch. Use the **past perfect** (had had) to show the meal happened before your offer. *U15.1*

Question 420

Read the situation and write a sentence using the words in brackets.\nSam played tennis yesterday. He wasn’t very good at it because it was his first game ever. (He / never / play / before)

Answer 420

He had never played before. Use the **past perfect** (had never played) to explain why Sam wasn’t good at it. *U15.1*

Question 421

Put the verb into the correct form. Use the future continuous or future perfect. Don’t phone between 7 and 8. ........................................ then. (we / eat)

Answer 421

We'll be eating then. **Future continuous** is used to show that an action will be in progress at a specific future time. *U24.3*

Question 422

Put the verb into the correct form. Use the future continuous or future perfect. Tomorrow afternoon we’re going to play tennis from 3 o’clock until 4.30. So at 4 o’clock, ........................................ tennis. (we / play)

Answer 422

we’ll be playing tennis. **Future continuous** is used to describe an action that will be in progress at a certain time in the future. *U24.3*

Question 423

Put the verb into the correct form. Use the future continuous or future perfect. Sarah will meet you at the station. ........................................ for you when you arrive. (she / wait)

Answer 423

she’ll be waiting for you. **Future continuous** expresses an action that will be in progress at a future time. *U24.3*

Question 424

Put the verb into the correct form. Use the future continuous or future perfect. The meeting starts at 9.30 and won’t last longer than an hour. You can be sure that ........................................ by 11 o’clock. (it / finish)

Answer 424

it will have finished by 11 o’clock. **Future perfect** is used to show that something will be completed before a future point in time. *U24.3*

Question 425

Put the verb into the correct form. Use the future continuous or future perfect. Do you think ........................................ in the same place in ten years’ time? (you / still / live)

Answer 425

you’ll still be living in the same place. **Future continuous** indicates a continuous action at a future time. *U24.3*

Question 426

Put the verb into the correct form. Use the future continuous or future perfect. Lisa is travelling in Europe and so far she has travelled about 1,000 miles. By the end of the trip, ........................................ more than 3,000 miles. (she / travel)

Answer 426

she will have travelled more than 3,000 miles. **Future perfect** is used to show completion by a certain future point. *U24.3*

Question 427

Put the verb into the correct form. Use the future continuous or future perfect. If you need to contact me, ........................................ at the Lion Hotel until Friday. (I / stay)

Answer 427

I’ll be staying at the Lion Hotel. **Future continuous** shows that I will be in the middle of staying there at that future time. *U24.3*

Question 428

Put the verb into the correct form. Use the future continuous or future perfect. Ben is on holiday and is spending his money very quickly. If he continues like this, ........................................ all his money before the end of his holiday. (he / spend)

Answer 428

he’ll have spent all his money. **Future perfect** is used to express a completed action before a future moment. *U24.3*

Question 429

Put the verb into the correct form. Use the future continuous or future perfect. I’m fed up with my job. I hope ........................................ it much longer. (I / not / do)

Answer 429

I won’t be doing it much longer. **Future continuous (negative)** is used to express a situation that is expected to change in the future. *U24.3*

Question 430

Complete the sentence using can or (be) able to. If can is not possible, use (be) able to. Gary has travelled a lot. He __________ speak five languages.

Answer 430

He can speak five languages. Use **can** for general ability in the present. *U26.1*

Question 431

Complete the sentence using can or (be) able to. If can is not possible, use (be) able to. I haven’t __________ sleep very well recently.

Answer 431

been able to **Present perfect** with **be able to** is used because **can** doesn’t have a perfect form. *U26.1*

Question 432

Complete the sentence using can or (be) able to. If can is not possible, use (be) able to. Nicole __________ drive, but she doesn’t have a car.

Answer 432

can **Can** expresses general ability. *U26.1*

Question 433

Complete the sentence using can or (be) able to. If can is not possible, use (be) able to. I used to __________ stand on my head, but I can’t do it any more.

Answer 433

be able to **Be able to** is used with **used to** for past ability. *U26.1*

Question 434

Complete the sentence using can or (be) able to. If can is not possible, use (be) able to. I can’t understand Mark. I’ve never __________ understand him.

Answer 434

been able to **Present perfect** form of **be able to** fits here because **can** is not used with **never** in the present perfect. *U26.1*

Question 435

Complete the sentence using can or (be) able to. If can is not possible, use (be) able to. I can’t see you on Friday, but I __________ meet you on Saturday morning.

Answer 435

can **Can** shows future arrangement based on current plans. *U26.1*

Question 436

Complete the sentence using can or (be) able to. If can is not possible, use (be) able to. Ask Katherine about your problem. She might __________ help you.

Answer 436

be able to Use **be able to** with modal verbs like **might**. *U26.1*

Question 437

Complete the sentence using can or (be) able to. If can is not possible, use (be) able to. You have to be careful in this part of the city. It __________ be dangerous.

Answer 437

can **Can** expresses possibility. *U26.1*

Question 438

Complete the sentence using can or (be) able to. If can is not possible, use (be) able to. Michael has lived in Italy a long time, so he should __________ speak Italian.

Answer 438

be able to Use **be able to** after **should** since **can** doesn’t follow modal verbs like **should**. *U26.1*

Question 439

Write a sentence about yourself using the idea in brackets. (something you used to be able to do)

Answer 439

I used to be able to sing well. **Used to be able to** shows past ability that no longer exists. *U26.2*

Question 440

Write a sentence about yourself using the idea in brackets. (something you used to be able to do)

Answer 440

I used to be able to ride a bike with no hands. **Used to be able to** shows past repeated ability. *U26.2*

Question 441

Write a sentence about yourself using the idea in brackets. (something you would like to be able to do)

Answer 441

I’d like to be able to speak Japanese. **Would like to be able to** expresses a wish for future ability. *U26.2*

Question 442

Write a sentence about yourself using the idea in brackets. (something you have never been able to do)

Answer 442

I’ve never been able to whistle. **Present perfect** with **been able to** expresses a life-long inability. *U26.2*

Question 443

Complete the answer using was/were able to. A: Did everybody escape from the fire? B: Yes. The fire spread quickly, but everybody __________.

Answer 443

was able to escape **Was able to** is used for successful past achievement. *U26.4*

Question 444

Complete the answer using was/were able to. A: Did you finish your work this afternoon? B: Yes, there was nobody to disturb me, so I __________.

Answer 444

was able to finish it **Was able to** is used for a completed past event. *U26.4*

Question 445

Complete the answer using was/were able to. A: Did you solve the problem? B: Yes, we did. It wasn’t easy, but we __________.

Answer 445

were able to solve it **Were able to** shows success in a specific situation in the past. *U26.4*

Question 446

Complete the answer using was/were able to. A: Did the thief get away? B: Yes. No-one realised what was happening and the thief __________.

Answer 446

was able to escape **Was able to** describes a successful completed action in the past. *U26.4*

Question 447

Complete the sentence using could, couldn’t or managed to. My grandfather travelled a lot. He __________ speak five languages.

Answer 447

could **Could** expresses general ability in the past. *U26.5*

Question 448

Complete the sentence using could, couldn’t or managed to. I looked everywhere for the book, but I __________ find it.

Answer 448

couldn’t **Couldn’t** is used to describe failure in a specific past attempt. *U26.5*

Question 449

Complete the sentence using could, couldn’t or managed to. They didn’t want to come out with us at first, but we __________ persuade them.

Answer 449

managed to **Managed to** shows success in a specific situation. *U26.5*

Question 450

Complete the sentence using could, couldn’t or managed to. Jessica had hurt her foot and __________ walk very well.

Answer 450

couldn’t **Couldn’t** expresses lack of ability in the past due to a condition. *U26.5*

Question 451

Complete the sentence using could, couldn’t or managed to. There was a small fire in the kitchen, but fortunately I __________ put it out.

Answer 451

managed to **Managed to** shows successful effort in a single past event. *U26.5*

Question 452

Complete the sentence using could, couldn’t or managed to. The walls were thin and I __________ hear people talking in the next room.

Answer 452

could **Could** indicates general sensory ability in the past. *U26.5*

Question 453

Complete the sentence using could, couldn’t or managed to. I ran my first marathon recently. It was very hard, but I __________ finish.

Answer 453

managed to **Managed to** emphasizes success after effort. *U26.5*

Question 454

Complete the sentence using could, couldn’t or managed to. My grandmother loved music. She __________ play the piano very well.

Answer 454

could **Could** expresses past talent or general ability. *U26.5*

Question 455

Complete the sentence using could, couldn’t or managed to. We wanted to go to the concert, but we __________ get tickets.

Answer 455

couldn’t **Couldn’t** indicates failed attempt in the past. *U26.5*

Question 456

Complete the sentence using could, couldn’t or managed to. A girl fell into the river, but some people __________ pull her out. She’s all right now.

Answer 456

managed to **Managed to** shows success in a specific emergency situation. *U26.5*

Question 457

Put in *must* or *can’t*. You’ve been travelling all day. You __________ be tired.

Answer 457

must **Must** expresses strong logical deduction based on evidence. *U28.1*

Question 458

Put in *must* or *can’t*. That restaurant __________ be very good. It’s always full of people.

Answer 458

must **Must** indicates strong probability. *U28.1*

Question 459

Put in *must* or *can’t*. That restaurant __________ be very good. It’s always empty.

Answer 459

can’t **Can’t** shows logical impossibility based on evidence. *U28.1*

Question 460

Put in *must* or *can’t*. I’m sure Kate gave me her address. I __________ have it somewhere.

Answer 460

must **Must** is used for strong belief or certainty. *U28.1*

Question 461

Put in *must* or *can’t*. I often see that man in this street. He __________ live near here.

Answer 461

must **Must** expresses a likely situation based on observation. *U28.1*

Question 462

Put in *must* or *can’t*. It rained every day during their holiday. It __________ have been very nice for them.

Answer 462

can’t **Can’t** shows that something is unlikely or impossible. *U28.1*

Question 463

Put in *must* or *can’t*. Congratulations on passing your exam. You __________ be very pleased.

Answer 463

must **Must** shows a logical assumption about feelings. *U28.1*

Question 464

Put in *must* or *can’t*. This bill __________ be correct. It’s much too high.

Answer 464

can’t **Can’t** shows disbelief or logical contradiction. *U28.1*

Question 465

Put in *must* or *can’t*. You got here very quickly. You __________ have driven very fast.

Answer 465

must **Must** is used for a logical deduction based on the result. *U28.1*

Question 466

Put in *must* or *can’t*. Bill and Sue always stay at five-star hotels. They __________ be short of money.

Answer 466

can’t **Can’t** is used to express disbelief in the idea. *U28.1*

Question 467

Put in *must* or *can’t*. Karen hasn’t left the office yet. She __________ be working late tonight.

Answer 467

must **Must** shows a probable explanation for a current situation. *U28.1*

Question 468

Complete each sentence with a verb (one or two words). I’ve lost one of my gloves. I must __________ it somewhere.

Answer 468

have dropped **Must have + past participle** shows logical deduction about a past event. *U28.2*

Question 469

Complete each sentence with a verb (one or two words). Their house is very near the motorway. It must __________ very noisy.

Answer 469

be **Must + base verb** describes a present deduction. *U28.2*

Question 470

Complete each sentence with a verb (one or two words). You’ve lived in this village a long time. You must __________ everybody who lives here.

Answer 470

know **Must** expresses logical certainty based on the situation. *U28.2*

Question 471

Complete each sentence with a verb (one or two words). I don’t seem to have my wallet with me. I must __________ it at home.

Answer 471

have left **Must have + past participle** expresses a conclusion about the past. *U28.2*

Question 472

Complete each sentence with a verb (one or two words). ‘How old is Ed?’ ‘He’s older than me. He must __________ at least 40.’

Answer 472

be **Must** is used to estimate logically. *U28.2*

Question 473

Complete each sentence with a verb (one or two words). I didn’t hear my phone. I must __________ asleep.

Answer 473

have been **Must have been** expresses a logical explanation for not hearing. *U28.2*

Question 474

Complete each sentence with a verb (one or two words). ‘You’re going on holiday soon. You must __________ forward to it.’

Answer 474

be looking **Must be + verb-ing** shows current emotional state deduced from context. *U28.2*

Question 475

Complete each sentence with a verb (one or two words). I’m sure you know this song. You must __________ it before.

Answer 475

have heard **Must have heard** is used to show logical conclusion about past exposure. *U28.2*

Question 476

Complete each sentence with a verb (one or two words). The road is closed, so we have to go another way. There must __________ an accident.

Answer 476

have been **There must have been** indicates a likely past cause. *U28.2*

Question 477

Complete each sentence with a verb (one or two words). ‘Do you have a car?’ ‘You must __________!’

Answer 477

be joking **Must be joking** is a common expression showing disbelief. *U28.2*

Question 478

Complete each sentence with a verb (one or two words). David is the managing director of a large company, so he must __________ quite a high salary.

Answer 478

earn **Must** implies a reasonable assumption based on his job title. *U28.2*

Question 479

Use the words in brackets to write a sentence with *must have* or *can’t have*. We went to our friends’ house and rang the doorbell, but nobody answered. (they / go out)

Answer 479

They must have gone out. **Must have + past participle** expresses a logical deduction about the past. *U28.3*

Question 480

Use the words in brackets to write a sentence with *must have* or *can’t have*. Sarah hasn’t contacted me. (she / get / my message)

Answer 480

She can’t have got my message. **Can’t have + past participle** expresses disbelief about a past event. *U28.3*

Question 481

Use the words in brackets to write a sentence with *must have* or *can’t have*. The jacket you bought is very good quality. (it / be / very expensive)

Answer 481

It must have been very expensive. **Must have been** shows a strong assumption based on quality. *U28.3*

Question 482

Use the words in brackets to write a sentence with *must have* or *can’t have*. I haven’t seen our neighbours for the last few days. (they / go away)

Answer 482

They must have gone away. **Must have gone** indicates logical conclusion from lack of presence. *U28.3*

Question 483

Use the words in brackets to write a sentence with *must have* or *can’t have*. I can’t find my umbrella. (I / leave / it in the restaurant last night)

Answer 483

I must have left it in the restaurant last night. **Must have left** expresses a logical conclusion based on evidence. *U28.3*

Question 484

Use the words in brackets to write a sentence with *must have* or *can’t have*. Amy was in a very difficult situation when she lost her job. (it / be / easy for her)

Answer 484

It can’t have been easy for her. **Can’t have been** expresses that something was likely not true in the past. *U28.3*

Question 485

Use the words in brackets to write a sentence with *must have* or *can’t have*. There was a man standing outside the cafe. He was there a long time. (he / wait / for somebody)

Answer 485

He must have been waiting for somebody. **Must have been + verb-ing** shows logical deduction about a past ongoing action. *U28.3*

Question 486

Use the words in brackets to write a sentence with *must have* or *can’t have*. Rachel did the opposite of what I asked her to do. (she / understand / what I said)

Answer 486

She can’t have understood what I said. **Can’t have understood** is used to express disbelief about what happened. *U28.3*

Question 487

Use the words in brackets to write a sentence with *must have* or *can’t have*. When I got back to my car, it was unlocked. (I / forget / to lock it)

Answer 487

I must have forgotten to lock it. **Must have forgotten** expresses a likely reason for a past situation. *U28.3*

Question 488

Use the words in brackets to write a sentence with *must have* or *can’t have*. My neighbours were making a lot of noise in the night. It woke me up. (they / have / a party)

Answer 488

They must have had a party. **Must have had** shows a logical conclusion about the past. *U28.3*

Question 489

Use the words in brackets to write a sentence with *must have* or *can’t have*. The light was red, but the car didn’t stop. (the driver / see / the red light)

Answer 489

The driver can’t have seen the red light. **Can’t have seen** expresses a likely cause for failure to stop. *U28.3*

Question 490

Use the words in brackets to write a sentence with *must have* or *can’t have*. Paul has had these shoes for years, but they still look new. (he / wear / them much)

Answer 490

He can’t have worn them much. **Can’t have worn** shows past action that likely didn’t happen often. *U28.3*

Question 491

Read the situation and write a sentence using the words in brackets.\nThere was a picture lying on the floor.\n(It / fall / off the wall)

Answer 491

It had fallen off the wall.\nThis is the **past perfect tense**, used to show that one event (falling off the wall) happened before another past event (seeing the picture).\n*15.1*

Question 492

Read the situation and write a sentence using the words in brackets.\nThe people sitting next to you on the plane were nervous. It was their first flight.\n(They / not / fly / before)

Answer 492

They hadn’t flown before.\nThis is the **past perfect negative**, showing an action that *had not happened* before a past point in time.\n*15.1*

Question 493

Read the situation and write a sentence using the words in brackets.\nYou went back to your home town recently after many years. It wasn’t the same as before.\n(It / change / a lot)

Answer 493

It had changed a lot.\nThe **past perfect** shows the town’s changes happened *before* your return.\n*15.1*

Question 494

Read the situation and write a sentence using the words in brackets.\nSomebody sang a song. You didn’t know it.\n(I / not / hear / it / before)

Answer 494

I hadn’t heard it before.\nThe **past perfect negative** shows lack of prior experience before the past event.\n*15.1*

Question 495

Read the situation and write a sentence using the words in brackets.\nI invited Rachel to the party, but she couldn’t come.\n(She / arrange / to do something else)

Answer 495

She had arranged to do something else.\nThis uses the **past perfect** to show a prior commitment before the invitation.\n*15.1*

Question 496

Read the situation and write a sentence using the words in brackets.\nYou went to the cinema last night. You got to the cinema late.\n(The film / already / start)

Answer 496

The film had already started.\nThe **past perfect** highlights an action completed before another past action.\n*15.1*

Question 497

Read the situation and write a sentence using the words in brackets.\nLast year we went to Mexico. It was our first time there.\n(We / not / be / there / before)

Answer 497

We hadn’t been there before.\nThis is **past perfect negative**, used to express that something had *never happened* before a certain point in the past.\n*15.1*

Question 498

Read the situation and write a sentence using the words in brackets.\nI met Daniel last week. It was good to see him again after such a long time.\n(I / not / see / him for five years)

Answer 498

I hadn’t seen him for five years.\nThe **past perfect** shows how much time had passed before the meeting.\n*15.1*

Question 499

Read the situation and write a sentence using the words in brackets.\nI offered my friends something to eat, but they weren’t hungry.\n(They / just / have / lunch)

Answer 499

They had just had lunch.\nThis is **past perfect with 'just'**, indicating a very recent action before another past event.\n*15.1*

Question 500

Read the situation and write a sentence using the words in brackets.\nSam played tennis yesterday. He wasn’t very good at it because it was his first game ever.\n(He / never / play / before)

Answer 500

He had never played before.\nThe **past perfect negative** expresses a complete lack of experience before the past event.\n*15.1*

Question 501

Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done) or past simple (I did).\nPaul wasn’t at the party when I arrived.\n(He / go) home.

Answer 501

He’d gone home.\n**Past perfect** is used to show that he left *before* the speaker arrived.\n*15.3*

Question 502

Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done) or past simple (I did).\nI felt very tired when I got home, so (I / go) straight to bed.

Answer 502

I went straight to bed.\n**Past simple** is used because both actions happened in quick succession — no earlier past event is implied.\n*15.3*

Question 503

Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done) or past simple (I did).\nThe house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody (go) to bed.

Answer 503

Everybody had gone to bed.\n**Past perfect** emphasizes that everyone was already in bed *before* the speaker arrived.\n*15.3*

Question 504

Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done) or past simple (I did).\nMark travels a lot. When I first met him, (he / already / travel) round the world.

Answer 504

He had already travelled round the world.\n**Past perfect** is used to describe something completed *before* the speaker met him.\n*15.3*

Question 505

Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done) or past simple (I did).\nSorry I’m late. The car (break) down on my way here.

Answer 505

The car broke down on my way here.\n**Past simple** fits because the breakdown happened during the journey — no earlier sequence is implied.\n*15.3*

Question 506

Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done) or past simple (I did).\nWe were driving along the road when (we / see) a car which (break) down, so (we / stop) to help.

Answer 506

We saw a car which had broken down, so we stopped to help.\n**Past simple** is used for the moment of seeing and stopping; **past perfect** for the car’s earlier breakdown.\n*15.3*

Question 507

Which alternative makes sense? A: Where are you going for your holidays? B: I haven’t decided yet. [I might go / I’m going] to Ireland.

Answer 507

I might go to Ireland. **Might** expresses *possibility* or *lack of decision*. Use it when the future is uncertain. U30.1

Question 508

Which alternative makes sense? A: Have you decided what sort of car you want to buy? B: Yes, [I might get / I’m going to get] a sports car.

Answer 508

I’m going to get a sports car. **Be going to** is used for *decided plans* or *intentions* already made. U30.1

Question 509

Which alternative makes sense? A: When is Tom coming to see us? B: He hasn’t said yet. [He might come / He’s coming] on Sunday.

Answer 509

He might come on Sunday. **Might** is used when the action is *not certain* or *not yet arranged*. U30.1

Question 510

Which alternative makes sense? A: Where are you going to put that picture? B: I don’t know yet. [I might hang / I’m going to hang] it in the bedroom.

Answer 510

I might hang it in the bedroom. **Might** is appropriate when the decision *has not been made yet*. U30.1

Question 511

Which alternative makes sense? A: What’s Tanya going to do when she leaves school? Does she know yet? B: Yes, she’s decided. [She might go / She’s going to go] to university.

Answer 511

She’s going to go to university. **Be going to** shows a *definite decision or plan*. U30.1

Question 512

Which alternative makes sense? A: Do you have plans for the weekend? B: Nothing fixed. [I might go away / I’m going away].

Answer 512

I might go away. **Might** is used when something is *possible* but *not definite*. U30.1

Question 513

Write a sentence with might not. Lisa’s not feeling very well. I’m not sure that she will go to the party.

Answer 513

Lisa might not come to the party. **Might not** expresses *possibility that something will not happen*. U30.4

Question 514

Write a sentence with might not. I haven’t seen him for a long time. I don’t know if I will recognise him or not.

Answer 514

I might not recognise him. **Might not** is used when there is *uncertainty about a negative outcome*. U30.4

Question 515

Write a sentence with might not. We want to go to the game, but I don’t know whether we’ll be able to get tickets.

Answer 515

We might not get tickets for the game. **Might not** expresses *uncertainty about future ability or possibility*. U30.4

Question 516

Write a sentence with might not. I said I’d do the shopping, but it’s possible I won’t have time.

Answer 516

I might not have time to do the shopping. **Might not** suggests *possibility of not being able to complete an action*. U30.4

Question 517

Write a sentence with might not. I’ve been invited to the wedding, but I’m not sure that I’ll be able to go.

Answer 517

I might not be able to go. **Might not** is used to show *uncertainty about availability or plans*. U30.4

Question 518

Write a sentence with might as well. You and a friend have just missed the bus. The buses run every hour. You say: We’ll have to wait an hour for the next bus.

Answer 518

We might as well walk. **Might as well** is used to suggest a reasonable alternative when there’s no better option. U30.5

Question 519

Write a sentence with might as well. Your computer doesn’t work any more. It will cost a lot to repair. You say: It’s not worth repairing.

Answer 519

I might as well buy a new one. **Might as well** suggests *making a practical choice* in the situation. U30.5

Question 520

Write a sentence with might as well. You’ve painted the kitchen. You still have a lot of paint, so why not paint the bathroom too? You say:

Answer 520

I might as well paint the bathroom too. **Might as well** expresses a *reasonable follow-up action* since resources are available. U30.5

Question 521

Write a sentence with might as well. You and a friend are at home. You’re bored. There’s a film on TV starting in a few minutes. You say:

Answer 521

We might as well watch it. **Might as well** is used when there’s *no better alternative*, so the option makes sense. U30.5

Question 522

Which is correct? We have plenty of time. We [mustn’t / needn’t] hurry.

Answer 522

We needn’t hurry. **Needn’t** means something is *not necessary*. We have time, so hurrying isn’t required. U32.2

Question 523

Which is correct? I have to talk to Gary. I [must / mustn’t] remember to call him.

Answer 523

I must remember to call him. **Must** expresses *obligation* — it's important not to forget. U32.2

Question 524

Which is correct? I have to talk to Gary. I [mustn’t / needn’t] forget to call him.

Answer 524

I mustn’t forget to call him. **Mustn’t** means something is *forbidden or strongly advised against*. Forgetting is not acceptable. U32.2

Question 525

Which is correct? There’s plenty of time for you to decide. You [mustn’t / don’t need to] decide now.

Answer 525

You don’t need to decide now. **Don’t need to** is used when something is *not necessary*. There’s no rush. U32.2

Question 526

Which is correct? These are important documents. We [mustn’t / needn’t] lose them.

Answer 526

We mustn’t lose them. **Mustn’t** means we are *not allowed* to lose them — it’s important. U32.2

Question 527

Which is correct? You [mustn’t / needn’t] wait for me. You go on and I’ll join you later.

Answer 527

You needn’t wait for me. **Needn’t** indicates that waiting is *not required*. U32.2

Question 528

Which is correct? This is a dangerous situation and we need to be careful. We [mustn’t / needn’t] do anything stupid.

Answer 528

We mustn’t do anything stupid. **Mustn’t** is used to *warn against doing something*. U32.2

Question 529

Which is correct? I understand the situation perfectly. You [mustn’t / don’t need to] explain further.

Answer 529

You don’t need to explain further. **Don’t need to** shows that *further explanation is unnecessary*. U32.2

Question 530

Which is correct? A: What sort of house do you want to buy? Something big? B: It [mustn’t / needn’t] be big – that’s not so important. But it [must / mustn’t] have a nice garden.

Answer 530

It needn’t be big – that’s not so important. But it must have a nice garden. **Needn’t** = *not necessary*. **Must** = *important requirement*. U32.2

Question 531

Write two sentences for this situation. Use needn’t have in the first sentence and could have in the second. Why did you walk home? Why didn’t you take a taxi?

Answer 531

You needn’t have walked home. You could have taken a taxi. **Needn’t have** shows the action was *unnecessary*. **Could have** indicates an *alternative possibility* that wasn’t taken. U32.4

Question 532

Write two sentences for this situation. Use needn’t have in the first sentence and could have in the second. Why did they stay at a hotel? Why didn’t they stay with us?

Answer 532

They needn’t have stayed at a hotel. They could have stayed with us. **Needn’t have** means the hotel stay was *unnecessary*. **Could have** introduces a *missed but available option*. U32.4

Question 533

Write two sentences for this situation. Use needn’t have in the first sentence and could have in the second. Why did she phone me at 3 am? Why didn’t she wait until the morning?

Answer 533

She needn’t have phoned you at 3 am. She could have waited until the morning. **Needn’t have** expresses that the call was *not needed*. **Could have** refers to the *more suitable alternative*. U32.4

Question 534

Write two sentences for this situation. Use needn’t have in the first sentence and could have in the second. Why did you shout at me? Why weren’t you more patient?

Answer 534

You needn’t have shouted at me. You could have been more patient. **Needn’t have** indicates *unnecessary action*. **Could have** gives a *better possible behavior*. U32.4

Question 535

Are this sentence OK? Change it where necessary. We have plenty of time. We don’t need hurry.

Answer 535

We don’t need to hurry. **Don’t need** is followed by **to + verb**. The correction adds the missing *infinitive*. U32.5

Question 536

Are this sentence OK? Change it where necessary. Keep it a secret. You mustn’t tell anybody.

Answer 536

OK **Mustn’t** correctly expresses *prohibition* — no change needed. U32.5

Question 537

Are this sentence OK? Change it where necessary. You needn’t to shout. I can hear you perfectly.

Answer 537

You needn’t shout. **Needn’t** is followed directly by the *base form* of the verb — no “to”. U32.5

Question 538

Are this sentence OK? Change it where necessary. I needn’t have gone out, so I stayed at home.

Answer 538

I didn’t go out, so **needn’t have gone out** is incorrect here. Correct version: I didn’t need to go out, so I stayed at home. **Needn’t have** means the action *was done unnecessarily*, but here the action wasn’t done. U32.5

Question 539

Are this sentence OK? Change it where necessary. This train is direct. You don’t need to change.

Answer 539

OK **Don’t need to** is correct to express that *changing trains is not necessary*. U32.5

Question 540

Are this sentence OK? Change it where necessary. You mustn’t lock the door. It’s OK to leave it unlocked.

Answer 540

You needn’t lock the door. **Mustn’t** means *not allowed*, but here the idea is *not necessary*, so **needn’t** is correct. U32.5

Question 541

Are this sentence OK? Change it where necessary. I needn’t have said anything, so I kept quiet.

Answer 541

Incorrect use of **needn’t have**. Correct version: I didn’t need to say anything, so I kept quiet. **Needn’t have** is used when the action *was done unnecessarily*, but nothing was said here. U32.5

Question 542

Are this sentence OK? Change it where necessary. I needn’t have said anything. I should have kept quiet.

Answer 542

OK **Needn’t have** is correct here — the speaker regrets *saying something unnecessary*. U32.5