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German Vocab > Grammer Rules > Flashcards

Grammer Rules Flashcards

1
Q

Irregular Umlaut Verbs - present tense

A

Mostly verbs w/”a” in stem
umlaut in 2nd person singular (du) and 3rd person singular (er)
examples = fahren (fährst,fährt) , fallen (fällst,fällt), schlafen (schläfst, schläft), tragen (trägst, trägt)
Also stoßen (stößt,stößt)

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2
Q

At home vs. going home

A

zu Hause = at home

nach Hause = going home

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3
Q

Wo vs. Wohin

A 
Wo = where something is
Wohin = where someone is going
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4
Q

Du present tense t vs st

A

t only if verb ends in s, ss, ß, z, tz

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5
Q

Plurals - end in consonant

A

often take “en” (die reservierungen); but r takes just an n (schwestern)

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6
Q

Gender: ends in ER

A

Masculine / der Lehrer

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7
Q

Gender: ends in EL

A

Masculine / der Löffel

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8
Q

Gender: ends in EN

A

Masculine / der Wagen

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9
Q

Gender: ends in IG

A

Masculine / der König

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10
Q

Gender: ends in ICH

A

Masculine / der Teppich

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11
Q

Gender: ends in ING

A

Masculine / der Frühling

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12
Q

Gender: ends in E

A

Feminine / die Schule

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13
Q

Gender: ends in IN

A

Feminine / die Studentin

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14
Q

Gender: ends in UNG

A

Feminine / die Prüfung (test)

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15
Q

Gender: ends in SCHAFT

A

Feminine / die Freundschaft (friendship)

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16
Q

Gender: ends in EI

A

Feminine / die Bäckerei

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17
Q

Gender: ends in TÄT

A

Feminine / die Universität

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18
Q

Gender: ends in HEIT

A

Feminine / die Gesundheit

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19
Q

Gender: ends in KEIT

A

Feminine / die Einsamkeit (loneliness)

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20
Q

Gender: ends in IE

A

Feminine / die Poesie

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21
Q

Gender: ends in TION

A

Feminine / die Information

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22
Q

Gender: ends in CHEN

A

Neuter / das Mädchen

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23
Q

Gender: ends in LEIN

A

Neuter / das Fräulein

24
Q

Gender: verbs used as nouns

A

Neuter

25
Q

Gender: ends in UM

A

Neuter / das Datum (date)

26
Q

Gender: ends in IUM

A

Neuter / das Stadium

27
Q

Gender: prefix of GE

A

Neuter / das Gemüse

28
Q

Plurals: end in ER

A

ending doesn’t change
add umlaut if a, o, u is first noun
der Vater, vier Väter

29
Q

Plurals: end in EL

A

ending doesn’t change

add umlaut if a, o, u is first noun

30
Q

Plurals: end in EN

A

ending doesn’t change

add umlaut if a, o, u is first noun

31
Q

Plurals: short, masculine nouns

A

Add e to end. Often add umlaut.

der Sohn, vier Söhne

32
Q

Plurals: end in IN

A

add nen

die Freundin / vier Freundinnen

33
Q

Plurals: Feminine words

A

add n or en

34
Q

Plurals: Neuter

A

Mostly don’t change

35
Q

Plurals: Neuter one syllable

A

add er, sometimes umlaut

das Fahrrad / die Fahrräder

36
Q

When & How Adjectives Take Endings

A

Adjectives preceding the noun take endings
e for singular nouns; en for plural
Das kleine Kind; die kleinen Kinder
Adjectives at the end of a sentence do not take endings.
Das Kind is klein

37
Q

Present tense & verb position

A

Verb is always second position … either proceeded by the subject Kim ist müde but also when not Heute ist Kim Müde.

38
Q

Prefixes: be

A

inseparable

39
Q

Prefixes: ent

A

inseparable

40
Q

Prefixes: emp

A

inseparable

41
Q

Prefixes: er

A

inseparable

42
Q

Prefixes: ge

A

inseparable

43
Q

Prefixes: ver

A

inseparable

44
Q

Prefixes: zer

A

inseparable

45
Q

Prefixes: an

A

separable

46
Q

Prefixes: auf

A

separable

47
Q

Prefixes: aus

A

separable

48
Q

Prefixes: bei

A

separable

49
Q

Prefixes: ein

A

separable

50
Q

Prefixes: her

A

separable

51
Q

Prefixes: hin

A

separable

52
Q

Prefixes: mit

A

separable

53
Q

Prefixes: nach

A

separable

54
Q

Prefixes: um

A

separable

55
Q

Prefixes: weg

A

separable

56
Q

Accusative Case (general)

A

Applies to the article of a direct object. Common after haben.
der&raquo_space; den; ein&raquo_space; einen
also changes pronouns ich&raquo_space; mich
also changes adj. for masculine nouns (den neuen Schüler)
add “n” to match to select words - jungen, herrn, Soldaten

57
Q

Accusative Case (prepositions & phrases)

A

Articles/pronouns should be in the accusative after the following prepositions: bis, um, wider, ohne, für, gegen, durch

Also use accusative after gibt es

German Vocab (17 decks)

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