Gramsci Flashcards
(31 cards)
Describe Scientific Marxism
- it is associated with Marx
- argues the economic base determines the superstructure. i.e. economic determinism - society is predictable if you can understand economics
Describe Neo/Western Marxism
- Gramsci’s amendment of classical marxism
- considers why the proletariat revolution never happened
- why did capitalism remain strong?
- wanted to overcome the limitations of classical marxism by thinking further than economics and putting culture back in
Gramsci was…
.. the first to reinvent marxism and one of the most influential western marxists
Gramsci’s ideas can be used and interpreted by many different disciplines so..
.. there is much scope for them to be misused. his prison notebooks are often misinterpreted and appropriated to all sorts of arguments
Gramsci’s main idea was..
.. that oppression isn’t only about using force but about gaining consent
Femia said..
.. “hegemony is the predominance obtained by consent rather than force of one class over other classes”
Gramsci argues that domination doesn’t solely rely on the use of force and coercion but highly depends on…
.. the ability of the ruling elite to obtain consent from those ruled with moral and intellectual leadership
how are the bourgeoisie hegemonic?
because they develop a culture propagating their own norms and values that become accepted as the cultural norm
what do the hegemonic class need to do in order for hegemony to be successful?
they need to establish alliances with other subordinate groups and get them to accept their norms and culture
hegemony is about..
.. establishing alliances to gain compliance
Who argues that a ruling power who asks for consent but cannot give aspirations will not survive?
Jones
Why, according to Gramsci, do we accept hegemonic behaviour?
because of primary and secondary socialisation
how did Gramsci view education?
as part of the system of hegemony where individuals were socialised into accepting the status quo.
what is counter hegemony?
where education offers a potential method to develop critical awareness and consciousness to resist cultural and ideological oppression
how can we resist oppression within education?
question things
Gramsci argues that political power and influence is only possible with the use of….
… cultural hegemony
culture is implemented by the ruling classes to achieve consent by the working classes to their …
.. cultural norms which are beneficial only to them
Who argued that Gramsci saw society as the public sphere where “ideas and beliefs were shaped” and where the ruling classes…
Heywood
“hegemony was reproduced in cultural life through the media, universities and religious institutions to manufacture consent and legitimacy”
Gramsci’s ideas exposed the need for the bourgeoisie to…
… establish a normative and widely accepted culture
who emphasised the need for an ideological struggle to challenge ruling class hegemony. and that Gramsci’s concept of hegemony highlighted the impact that those in power have on culture and raised the question of….
Coole
… whether the norm was beneficial to us
what does Gambles highlight about the effects of policy?
he highlights the effects policy can have on culture in setting up dominant ideals about what is good or appropriate behaviour
Who suggests that culture has to be seen as the lived dominance and subordination of particular classes?
Williams
Gramsci’s ideas about how consent and power is maintained allowed people to…
… criticise this consent and challenge normative culture
Hall argues Gramsci’s concepts can be used to understand the role of culture in racial issues, for example…
… in the media it became a norm to stigmatise black people. he saw cultural elements of society as having a political and ideological role in domination
