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GI AM > Grand tour of the alimentary canal > Flashcards

Grand tour of the alimentary canal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system?

A

Digestion
Secretion
Absorption
Motility

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2
Q

What is the function of the mouth in the digestive system?

A

Foodstuffs broken down by chewing
Saliva added as lubricant
Amylase present to start digestion of starch

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3
Q

What is the function of the oesophagus in the digestive system?

A

Conduit between mouth and stomach

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4
Q

What is the function of the stomach in the digestive system?

A

Digestion of proteins
Foodstuffs reduced to liquid form
Storage
Sterilisation

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5
Q

What is the purpose of foodstuffs being stored in the stomach?

A

Stored in the stomach for slow release

Essential or you would have to constantly eat small amounts

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6
Q

How are foodstuffs sterilised in the stomach?

A

Hydrochloric acid present

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7
Q

What is the function in the pancreas in the digestive system?

A

Releases enzymes for digestion of fats, proteins and carbohydrates

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8
Q

What is the function o the liver in the digestive system?

A

Production of bile salts for digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine

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9
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder in the digestive system?

A

Stores and concentrates up to 50ml of bile

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10
Q

What is the function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

A

Nutrient absorption

Final stages of digestion

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11
Q

What is the function of the large intestine in the digestive system?

A

Primarily water absorption
Bacterial fermentation
Formation of faeces

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12
Q

What is the general structure of the alimentary canal?

A

Continuous hollow tube of varying diameter

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13
Q

Roughly how long is the alimentary canal?

A

8m

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14
Q

What are the 4 layers of the alimentary canal wall?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa/adventitia

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15
Q

What are the layers of the mucosa?

A

Mucous epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae

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16
Q

What is the structure of the mucous epithelium in the mouth, oesophagus and anal canal?

A

Stratified squamous

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17
Q

What is the structure of the mucous epithelium in the stomach and small and large intestines?

A

Simple columnar

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18
Q

Why is there a difference in structure of the mucous epithelium in the alimentary canal?

A

In the mouth, oesophagus and anal canal, there is lots of abrasion and several layers of cells are needed to present ulcer formation and holes being created

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19
Q

What is the function of the mucous epithelium?

A

Separates the lumen of the alimentary canal from the body

Synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes, hormones and mucus

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20
Q

What is the lamina propria?

A

Loose connective tissue

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21
Q

What is contained in the lamina propria?

A

Glands
Blood vessels
Lymph vessels

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22
Q

What is the muscular mucosae?

A

Thin smooth muscle layer

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23
Q

What is the submucosa?

A

Thick irregular connective tissue that supports the mucosa

24
Q

What is contained in the submucosa?

A

Neurones
Blood vessels
Lympathic vessels
Glands (in oesophagus and duodenum)

25
Q

In what regions are hands present in the submucosa?

A

Oesophagus and duodenum

26
Q

What do the neutrons in the submucosa form?

A

Submucosal plexus

27
Q

What is the function of the submucosal plexus?

A

Gut control along with myenteric plexus

28
Q

What is the muscular externa?

A

2 concentric layers of smooth muscle

29
Q

What are the 2 layers of the muscular externa?

A

Inner layer of circular muscle

Outer layer of longtidinal muscle

30
Q

What are the functions of the 2 layers of the muscular externa?

A

Circular muscle- constricts lumen for peristalsis

Longitudinal muscle- Shortens tube for segmentation

31
Q

What is present between the circular and longitudinal muscle?

A

Myenteric plexus

32
Q

What allows for independent control of gut function?

A

Submucosal and myenteric plexuses- enteric nervous system

33
Q

What is the serosa/adventitia?

A

Connective tissue sheath that is the outermost layer of the alimentary canal

34
Q

What is the function of the serosa outside the peritoneal cavity?

A

Attaches oesophagus and rectum to surrounding structures

35
Q

What is the function of the serosa inside the peritoneal cavity?

A

Surrounds stomach, small intestine and large intestine

36
Q

What are the 2 nervous networks in the alimentary canal?

A

Submucosal plexus

Myenteric plexus

37
Q

What nerve in the main parasympathetic control of th alimentary canal?

A

Vagus

38
Q

What nerves control salivation?

A

Facial and glossopharyngeal nerves

39
Q

What does activation of the parasympathetic system do to the alimentary canal?

A

Increase secretion and motility

40
Q

What is the main sympathetic nerve in control of the alimentary canal?

A

Splanchnic nerve

41
Q

What does activation of the sympathetic system so to the alimentary canal?

A

Decreases secretion and motility

Doesn’t have this effect on salivation

42
Q

What Are the 3 main supplies to the alimentary system?

A

Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric
Inferior mesenteric

43
Q

What does the celiac trunk supply?

A

Stomach
Small intestine
Pancreas
Liver

44
Q

What does the superior mesenteric supply?

A

Small intestine
Caecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon

45
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric supply?

A

Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

46
Q

What is the venous drainage of the stomach?

A

Gastric vein

47
Q

What is the venous drainage of the pancreas?

A

Splenic veins

48
Q

Whatis the venous drainage of the small intestine, caecum, ascending colon and transverse colon?

A

Superior mesenteric

49
Q

What is the venous drainage of the descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum?

A

Inferior mesenteric

50
Q

What do the gastric veins drain?

A

Stomach

51
Q

What do the splenic veins drain?

A

Pancreas

52
Q

What do the superior mesenteric veins drain?

A

Small intestine
Caecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon

53
Q

What do the inferior mesenteric veins drain?

A

Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

54
Q

Where do the veins eventually drain?

A

Hepatic portal vein
Portal vein
IVC

55
Q

Where does the hepatic portal vein drain to?

A

Liver

56
Q

Where does the hepatic vein pick up from and drain to?

A

Liver to IVC

GI AM (34 decks)

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