Grant et al 1998 Flashcards
(14 cards)
What is context-dependent memory?
Memory of certain information is better when tested in the same context in which the material was learned than in a different context.
What type of experiment did Grant et al (1998) conduct?
A laboratory experiment that fulfills scientific criteria of theory, control, evidence, and replication.
What is a limitation of the independent measures design used in Grant et al (1998)?
There may be individual differences between groups, such as interest in the topic or preferred learning conditions.
What type of data did Grant et al (1998) collect?
Quantitative data, which allows for easy summarization.
Was the study by Grant et al (1998) ethical?
Yes, it was ethical and participants were fully debriefed.
What is the ecological validity of Grant et al (1998)?
High ecological validity for classroom learning material, but reduced as participants wore headphones.
What sampling method was used in Grant et al (1998)?
An opportunity sample, which may affect generalizability due to sample biases.
What was a potential bias in Grant et al (1998)?
Ethnocentric bias, as the study was conducted in America with American participants.
What was the method used in Grant et al (1998)?
Participants read a scientific article, highlighted text, wore headphones, and were tested on recall with background noise.
What were the mean % recall results for Grant et al (1998)?
Silent - Silent: 81%, Noisy - Noisy: 79%, Silent - Noisy: 67%, Noisy - Silent: 70%.
What conclusion did Grant et al (1998) draw regarding study conditions?
Students should study in silence, as exams are held in silence.
What does the student sample in Loftus and Palmer (1973) and Grant et al (1998) imply?
Findings cannot be applied to the general population due to potential differences in cognitive abilities.
What are the similarities between Loftus and Palmer (1973) and Grant et al (1998)?
Both are highly controlled lab experiments, use independent measures design, consist of university students, collect quantitative data, and were ethically conducted.
What are the differences between Loftus and Palmer (1973) and Grant et al (1998)?
Loftus and Palmer investigated reconstructive memory, while Grant et al investigated context-dependent memory. Loftus and Palmer’s findings had generalizability issues due to student bias, which was not a problem for Grant et al.
