Grapes and wines Flashcards

Question

Mazuelo

Answer 1

Mazuelo, or more widely known as Carignan in France is cultivated in Rioja, where it is blended with Tempranillo. Gives acidity tannin & color. Ideal blend for Tempranillo. Blended with Granacha in Priorat.

Answer 2

Also called Macabeo, it is widely grown in the Rioja region of northeastern Spain and the Cava producing areas south of Barcelona. It can be made in an unoaked style with subtle herb and spiced aromas. Traditionally it is a heavily oaked white Rioja. Regions: DOCa Rioja, DOC Navarra

Answer 3

Graciano is a Spanish red wine grape that is grown primarily in Rioja. Challenging to grow, but thrives in warm, arid climates. Concentrated black fruit, acidity and tannins. The wine produced is characterized by its deep red color, strong aroma and ability to age well.

Answer 4

The name for Tempranillo in Catalunya / Penedes DOC

Answer 5

Primarily in Valencia. Merseguera is rarely used to make single-variety wines, as it lacks the varietal character and is best used in blends. the variety is very tolerant of warm, dry climates. It is able to grow efficiently in poor soils and still produce substantial yields.

Answer 6

Spain’s most widely planted grape is primarily used for brandy, save for a few producers who have revitalized the drought-resistant old bush vines for winemaking. Regions: La Mancha, Valpenedes

Answer 7

One of the many synonyms for Tempranillo used in the La Mancha / DOC Valpanedes.

Answer 8

Widely grown in north and central Spain. Early budding & early ripening. Medium acidity. Needs warmth and diurnals to ripen and maintain acidity. Semi-carbonic maceration creates a strawberry-scented Joven. Can also create a concentrated oaked blend with Granacha, Graciano, Carnena or Cab / Merlot. Toro: Blended with Grancha for Joven Ribera El Duero: Blended with Cab Sauv, Malbec & Merlot Rioja: Granacha, Mazuelo, Graciano Navarra: Cab Sauv & Merlot

Answer 9

Spanish name for Grenache. Sweet, high in alcohol, full-bodied, medium tannins and red fruit. It is widely used for rosados - particularly in Navarra. Important in Priorat and Catalyuad/ Carinena where there are old vines that create more concentrated wines, deeply colored & black fruit. It is also grown in Rioja Oriental and Toro (Joven's) where it is blended with Tempranillo. Regions: Rioja, Navarra, Priorat, Catalyuad / Carinena, Toro

Answer 10

Spanish name for Mourvèdre. Thick skinned and drought tolerant. Needs hot sunny conditions to ripen. Deep color, high tannin, high alcohol, low to medium acidity. Ripe blackberry Regions: Yecla and Jumilla.

Answer 11

Northwest corner of Spain in Rias Baixas. Thick-skinned & able to resist fungal disease. Alvarinho in Portugal. High acid. Citrus & stone fruit flavors. Can be made in a richer style.

Answer 12

Portugese name for Albariño. Important in the slightly fizzy, high acid, low alcohol and off-dry wines. Vinho Verde Alvarinho is made from 100% Alvarinho in Monção & Melgaço. Higher alcohol 11.5 - 14.5% and riper more tropical aromas.

Answer 13

Important in Piquepoul de Pinet. High acid. Green fruit and citrus flavors.

Answer 14

Dry wines. Soft peachy fruitiness. Full body and low acidity. Tend to oxidize. Blended with other Southern France grapes or Rhone varieties. Regions: Languedoc

Answer 15

Carignan is a red grape variety of Spanish origin that is more commonly found in Languedoc-Roussillon, Spain and around the world High tannin, acidity and color. Can lack fruit or finesse. Old vine Carignan in poor soil can produce quality wines. Regions: Languedoc, Calatauyd & Carinena (old vines), Priorat (old vines)

Answer 16

Grown in Southern Rhone and France. It is the “M” in the Rhône / GSM blend. Needs warmest sites to ripen. In Southern France it adds richness, color and complexity. In Southern Rhone it supports Grenache. Known as Monastrell in Spain. REGIONS: Languedoc & Bandol Cote du Rhone Village, Chateauneuf-du-pape

Answer 17

Cinsault is especially important in Languedoc-Roussillon. It is also widely used for rosé wines and to add red fruit flavors to red blends. In Southern Rhone it is a minor grape adding red fruit flavors to red blends and is blended with Grenache for fruity rose's. REGIONS: Languedoc Tavel

Answer 18

Bourboulenc is a popular white wine grape varietal that is used mostly as a blending grape in the production Chateauneuf du Pape Blanc. The addition of Bourboulenc provides floral, citrus, and occasionally smoky notes.

Answer 19

Dominates red wines of Southern Rhone where it is the most widely planted. Produces concentrated spiced red fruit, but can become baked and jammy in hot years. In Southern France in Languedoc and Rousillon it is blended with Carignan, Syrah, Cinsault, and some Mourvedre. Here it tends to be spicy and perfumed of local herbs. In Australia old bush vines create concentrated, ripe wines, with red berries and peppery spice. Whole bunch fermentation Various fermentation vessels Gentle cap managment Usually drained off skins versus macerated Usually matured in old oak Regions: Languedoc Southern Rhone: Cotes du Rhone, Cotes du Rhone Villages, Chateaunef-du-Pape, Tavel, Lirac, Gigondas, Vacqueyras Australia: Barossa Valley, McLaren Vale

Answer 20

Grown in the Northern Rhone and Southern Rhone. Usually blended together. Marsanne has richness and weight. Roussane has acidity and perfumed fruit. Can age well and develop hazeulnut aromas. Regions: Saint-Joseph (white wines), Hermitage & Crozes-Hermitage (15% blended w/ Syrah)

Answer 21

Full-bodied white wine with perfumed aromas of blossom and apricots. Flavors of stone fruit. Low acidity and high alcohol. Does not develop aromas until very late in the season when they have a high level of sugar ripeness. Needs careful handling to not develop an overtly oily character. Regions: Grown in Northern Rhone where it is largely blended with Syrah or as a varietal. Blended in Southern Rhone and Southern France. Small plantings in Chile. Cote Rotie, Condrieu, Cotes du Rhone, Cotes du Rhone Village, Chateauneuf-du-Pape blanc, Languedoc, Bio Bio valley & Itata valley.

Answer 22

Small with thick, darkly colored skins. DOES NOT ripe in very cool climates. Ranges from medium-bodied with pepper and black fruit to full-bodied with very ripe black fruit and licorice. Fruit, tannin & color enable it to age. It is especially important in Northern Rhone where it can have simple black fruit & herbaceous w/ gripping tannins. South-facing slopes are fuller bodied with berry and pepper, meat and leather with age. Cote Rotie, Saint-Joseph, Hermitage, Crozes-Hermitage, Coronas. In Southern Rhone, it is a blending partner with Grenache and Mourvedre. In Languedoc & Roussillon it blended with Grenache, Mourvedre, Carignan and Cinsault. Results in riper flavors and tannins. Other regions: Spain - La Mancha Chile - Elqui & Colchagua, Aconcagua, Casablanca, Cachapoal Valley South Africa - Stellenbosch, Paarl, Swartland, Robertson, Elgin, Elim New Zealand - Hawke's Bay, Auckland Washington - Columbia Valley, Southern Oregon California - Saint Helena, Calistoga, Mendocino, Monterey, Paso Robles AVA, Santa Ynez Valley

Answer 23

The Australian term for Syrah. Hot regions - Hunter Valley and (old vine) Barossa Valley - soft, earthy, spicy styles with concentrated black fruit. Cooler regions - Geelong and Heathcote - produce leaner peppery styles, firmer structure, fresher fruit. Other regions: Eden Valley Clare Valley - fragrant powerful & structured McLaren Vale - Old vine Coonawarra - terra rosa Yarra Valley - lighter body than warm region Goulburn Valley Great Southern region - Elegant & peppery South Africa - Constantia

Answer 24

Herbaceous or stalky flavors when unripe. When ripe can contribute vibrant fruit and floral notes to a blend or as a varietal. Prefers well-drained warm soils. Important examples are grown in Bordeaux, where it contributes to Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot blends, and Loire where it makes early drinking and age worthy reds and rose blends. Cabernet Franc is the parent grape of both Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon. Regions: Bordeaux blends: Saint-Emilion, Medoc and Graves. Easy drinking, lighter bodied & served chilled: Bourgueil, Chinon Age worthy: Saumur, Saumur-Champigny (violets, fuller-bodied, tannic) Rose de Loire Cabernet d'Anjou - med dry to med sweet & blended with Cabernet Sauvignon Rose d'Anjou - less sweet and blended with Grolleau

Answer 25

Most important variety in Beaujolais. Also grown in Loire's Touraine and Anjou. In Loire it makes fruity, early drinking wines.

Answer 26

High-yielding red French wine grape variety that is grown primarily in the Loire Valley of France. Often blended with Cabernet Franc and other local varieties. Predominant grape in Rose d'Anjou or blended in the rose wines of Touraine. Ripens reliably and relatively early in the cool climate. The name is derived from the French word grolle, meaning "crow" and is said to reflect the deep black berries of the Grolleau vine.

Answer 27

A white grape that produces neutral wines with high acidity. Capable of making high-quality wines where it can reach full ripeness. Grown in Burgundy.

Answer 28

Petit Manseng is a white wine variation of the black Manseng grape, and it gets its name from its small berries. It grows in Southwest France and in Juracon it makes complex sweet wines with high acid. The grapes undergo passerillage and have pronounced apricot, grapefruit and spicy notes from new oak.

Answer 29

Grown in northeast Italy in Alto Adige, it makes light and fruity wines for the Alto Adige DOC. Low to medium tannin, raspberries and plums.

Answer 30

One of the most planted red varieties in northeast Italy in Trentino where it grows mid-slope and on the valley floor. It has a deep color, medium to high-tannin, high acidity, medium to full body, and black fruit. Matured in oak and the best examples can age. Most wines are labeled Trentino DOC.

Answer 31

A white grape native to northeast Italy and grown in Friuli-Venezia Gulia. It has medium to high acid, medium body, pear, red apples and herbs. Often mistaken for Sauvignon Blanc. Collio DOC and Collio Orientali DOC.

Answer 32

Italian white grape grown in northeast Italy where it is the main grape in the Soave region. Sometimes blended with other varieties, it produces wines that are medium bodied, with notes of pears, red apple, stone fruit and white pepper. With age, they can gain almonds and honey. Soave DOC - wines using grapes from the whole region Soave Classico DOC - wines w/ grapes from the original classified area Recioto di Soave DOCG - Sweet white wine in the passito method

Answer 33

A native red Italian grape that is grown in northeast Italy in Valpolicella. It has moderate color, low to medium tannins and high acid. It's often blended with local varieties to add color and tannins. It makes fruity, light tannin red cherry wines that are rarely oaked and ready to drink immediately. Valpolicella Classico DOC & Valpolicella DOC. It is also semi-dried using the passito method to make Amarone della Valpolicella, a dry or off-dry wine high in alochol, medium to high tannins with intensely concentrated redberry and spice. Receito della Valpolicella DOCG are so sweet fermentation stops naturally. The sweet wine has intense fruit, medium to high alcohol, full body and medium to high tannins. The Ripasso method combines semi-dried unpressed skins with dry still valpolicella. The wine is medium to full bodied, high tannins and flavors of stewed red cherries and plums. Valpolicella Ripasso DOC

Answer 34

An important grape in Piemonte. Nebbiolo is a full-bodied red wine more famously known by the two production regions of Barolo and Barbaresco in Piedmont, Italy. Nebbiolo wines are translucent (like Pinot!) and have a delicate smell of sour cherries, herb and dried flowers paired with the power of high acid and high tannin. Regions: Barolo DOCG & Barbaresco DOCG In Barolo it is aged must be aged for a minimum of 38 months, 18 months in wood. In Barbaresco, it must be aged for 26 months, minimum 9 months in wood.

Answer 35

Grown in northwest Italy in Piemonte. Late ripening, medium to deep color, low to medium tannins, high acidity, red cherries and plums, and sometimes black pepper. Can be drunk young. Regions: Barbera d' Asti DOCG and Barbera d'Alba DOC In Barolo, Barbera is labeled with the generic Alba DOC or Langhe DOC.

Answer 36

Also widely planted in northwest Italy in Piemonte. Dolcetto ripens earlier than Nebbiolo & Barbera. It is deep purple, medium to high tannins, medium acidity, black plums, red cherries and dried herbs. It can be on the coolest sites. Regions: Dolcetto d'Alba DOC - Many of the finest wines In Barolo, Dolcetto is labeled with the generic Alba DOC or Langhe DOC.

Answer 37

Cortese is a speciality grape of Piemonte's Gavi. The wines are pale, light-bodied, high acid and aromas/flavors of citrus, green apples and pears. Vines are grown in hills where altitude and sea breezes allows for a long, slow ripening. Winemakers practice protective winemaking, cool fermentation in stainless steel. Some use old oak vessels for fermentation & lees stirring to add complexity. Regions: * Gavi DOCG * Cortese di Gavi DOCG * Gavi di Gavi DOCG Most is ready to drink. Best can age in bottle

Answer 38

The primary grape in Italy's well-known Orvieto wines from Umbria where it is commonly blended with Trebbiano and other local grapes. Best examples have light body, medium to high acidity, grapefruit and peaches. Region: Orvieto DOC

Answer 39

One of the top wine grapes of Italy and France (where it's called Ugni Blanc). It's blended with Grechetto in Orvieto DOC and Malvasia in Frascati DOC.

Answer 40

Sagrantino is an Italian grape variety that is indigenous to the region of Umbria in Central Italy. It is grown primarily in the village of Montefalco. It is often described as Italy's most tannic variety, exceeding even Nebbiolo in this respect. Sagrantino di Montefalco DOCG

Answer 41

Malvasia is a group of wine grape varieties grown historically in the Mediterranean region - but specifically known in Central Italy's Lazio region, in the Frascati DOC. Here it is blended with Trebbiano for a fresh, unoaked white.

Answer 42

Montepulciano is the 2nd most planted red grape in Italy (after Sangiovese) and has had a reputation for low-priced juicy “pizza-friendly” red wines. It's best known in Abruzzo, Montepulciano d'Abruzzo DOC, which creates wines with high color and tannins, medium acid, black plums and cherries. Many are simple and fruity without oak. The most concentrated examples are matured for a short period in oak. It is also blended with Sangiovese in Marche's Conero DOCG. Montepulciano d'Abruzzo DOC Conero DOCG

Answer 43

Found primarily in the Marche of Italy where Verdicchio wines are loved for their high acid, green apples, lemons, and sometimes their fennel and almonds. Many are simple & fruity. Best have greater concentration w/ notes of honey and almonds w/ age. Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi DOC

Answer 44

Found in Campania, Fiano produces with medium acid, medium to full body, stone fruit, melons & mango. It is often drunk young, but can be matured in oak and aged, developing wax and honey. Fiano di Avellino DOCG

Answer 45

Found in Campania, Greco has more acid and a leaner body than Fiano. It has flavors of green apple, stone fruit and passion fruit. Most are fermented in stainless steel, but some use old oak and lees stirring. The best can age & develop honey and mushrooms. Greco di Tufo DOCG

Answer 46

The most prestigious black grape in the south, it is grown in Campania and Basilicata. The grape creates wine with a deep color, high acid, and tannin w/ black fruit flavors. It is matured in oak, aged in bottle and develops earthy forest floor notes. Taurasi DOCG (Campania) and Aglianico del vulture DOC (Basilicata)

Answer 47

Also known as Zinfandel, it is grown in Puglia where it's grown as a large volume wine for Puglia IGT or a higher-end wine that is full-bodied, medium tannin / acid, high alcohol with ripe berry flavors.

Answer 48

Also known as Primativo, it is also grown in California, where it makes a range of styles. It tends to ripen unevenly, resulting in raisened and underripe grapes. Raisining can produce full-bodied red wines with a high ABV and some residual sugar. Flavors include: red and black fruits, dried berries and licorice. The herbaceous quality comes from underripe grapes. Picked early, it is made into rose Zinfandel or white Zinfandel, which are fruity, pale, medium sweet and LOW in alcohol. BEST AVAs: Lodi & Dry Creek valley

Answer 49

Negoamaro is a black grape grown in Puglia, where it creates high-quality, full-bodied wines with medium tannins, acidity, high alcohol, baked red and black fruit. Salice Salentino DOC It is also grown in large volumes under Puglia IGT.

Answer 50

Nero d'Avola is "the most important red wine grape in Sicily" and is one of Italy's most important indigenous varieties. Its wines are medium to full-bodied, medium acid, tannins, plums and black cherries. It can be made in a fruity, early drinking style or be concentrated & complex. IGT Terre di Sicilia / Terre Siciliane - Large grape volumes Sicilia DOC - Yields are lowered

Answer 51

Nerello Mascalese is a light-bodied red wine that primarily grows on the slopes of Mount Etna in Sicily. Despite its rarity, the wine offers amazing value and a taste profile that’s often likened to fine Pinot Noir. It is blended with Nerello Cappucio to make fragrant, high acid, tannins, sour red cherries, cranberries and raspberries. It sometimes also has dried herb and with age - mushroom aromas. Etna DOC

Answer 52

Nerello Cappuccio is a dark-skinned grape variety from Sicily, most famous for its application in the red wines of Etna and Faro. It is rarely found as a varietal wine, and usually is utilized as a compliment to its cousin Nerello Mascalese, which is more numerous in plantings and considered to be of a higher quality. Together the wines make fragrant, high acid, tannins, sour red cherries, cranberries and raspberries. It sometimes also has dried herb and with age - mushroom aromas. Etna DOC

Answer 53

Native to Bordeaux it is Chile's flagship grape, grown in Aconcagua Valley, Cachapoal Valley floor, Colchagua valley. Has a strong bell pepper aroma. Late ripening, it is suited only for the warmest, sunniest sites. It is full-bodied, high tannin, black fruit and herbal. It can be overtly herbaceous when not ripe.

Answer 54

Pais is a red wine grape that has played a prominent role in the Chilean wine industry. It is grown in the Southern region of Chile - in Itata Valley and Bio Bio Valley.

Answer 55

Argentina's second most planted variety. It is late ripening, with high acid and high tannin. At high yields, it is easy drinking, medium-deep fruity raspberry and blackberry. With controlled yields and full ripeness, it produces more concentrated, structured wines. Grown in San Juan and Mendoza, where Maipu Valley has old vines.

Answer 56

Native to France, where it is still grown in Cahors, Malbec is now Argentina's prized grape. It is deeply colored, full-bodied, black fruit & smooth tannins. Today, they are more elegant due to gentle extraction. High quality versions are mature in new oak, which gives it a subtle spice. Salta, San Juan, Uco Valley, Patagonia

Answer 57

Argentina's prized white grape. It is widely planted in Salta, La Rioja, San Juan and Mendoza. The best examples come from the Cafayate department of Salta. It is intensely fruity, with a floral perfume. Medium body, acidity and flavors of stone fruit and melon. The wines are usually fermented in inert vessels and released the year of harvest

Answer 58

High acid & apples Nuts and honey with age Susceptible to botrytis The key grape for Hungary's Tokaji wines. Can make dry to sweet versions. Often blended with Harslevelu and Sarga Muskataly.

Answer 59

A late ripening grape in Hungary, which is often blended with Frumint to add perfume.

Answer 60

The Hungarian name for Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains, which is often blended with Furmint to add aromatics.

Answer 61

A highly regarded grape in Austria. Has high acid, medium tannin and has flavors of sour cherry and pepper. DACs to know: Leithaberg DAC & Mittleburgenland DAC, both in Burgenland

Answer 62

An Austrian grape, similar to Pinot Noir. It is often oak aged and blended with local and international grapes including Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot. It is grown in Burgenland.

Answer 63

The result of Blaufrankisch & St. Laurent - This Austrian grape is deep in color, has soft tannins and flavors of bramble. DACs to know: Neusielersee DAC

Answer 64

This premier Austrian grape has citrus or stone fruit flavors, with white pepper. It can develop honey and toast with age. It can be matrured in old oak or new oak barriques. In Weinviertal DAC, it is the only permitted grape and comes in two styles. Klassik- light, fresh & fruity - no oak. Reserve - higher minimum alochol - can have oak. DAC's to know: Wachau DAC - high quality, dry & concentrated Kremstal DAC & Kamptal DAC - similar Weinviertal DAC Burgenland

Answer 65

The second most widely planted grape in Austria. It is NOT related to Riesling. When dry, it is fresh and simple, with green apple and citrus. Because it is susceptible to botrytis, it is used to produce high-quality desert wines - namely in Ruster Ausbruch DAC, on the west side of Lake Neusiedlersee in Burgenland.

Answer 66

Vidal is a hardy hybrid white grape found in Canada. As a dry white wine it is bland, but it produces high-quality ice wines with less acid and complexity than Riesling. Regions to know: Okanagan Valley and Niagara Penninsula

Answer 67

Developed in South Africa, this is a result of a crossing between Pinot Noir and Cinsault. It is hardly grown anywhere else. Make in a range of styles it is sometimes blended with international varieties to make a "Cape Blend" It can be light and fruity with red berry flavors. On old bush vines it can be full-bodied, rich with spiced, berry fruit. When fermented or stored with heavily toasted oak staves it can smell intensely of coffee or chocolate. Premium Pinotage generally has more subtle oak. Region to know: Paarl

Answer 68

Sometimes compared to Nebbiolo, this red Grecian grape has high acid, tannin and medium color, which fades to tawny. It tends to lack fresh fruit aromas even in their youth. These wines can be aged, where they develop complex spice and earthy notes. Some winemakers are making different styles that are more deeply colored, less tannic and aged in new oak. Naoussa PDO

Answer 69

This red Grecian grape has a deep ruby color, low to moderate acidity, high but smooth tannins, flavors of red fruit and spice. They do well in new oak and age. Nemea PDO - only uses Agiorgitiko. Fruit from higher lopes have higher acidity and less fine tannins, it can add freshness to a red blend, but is best suited for rose's.

Answer 70

This Grecian white grape can make dry wines with citrus and stone fruit and high acid. The sweet wines, known as vinsanto are late harvested and sun dried for up to 14 days. The wines are aged in old oak for a minimum of 2 years. Many producers age their for longer. These wines are luscious with high acid and older wines have oxidative caramel and nut flavors. Grown in Santorini PDO in basket shapes.

Answer 71

Muller-Thurgau, also called Rivaner is a crossing of Riesling + Madeline Royale. It ripens earlier than Riesling, but has less acidity and flavor intensity. It is rarely a high-quality wine, usually an inexpensive medium-dry or medium-sweet Qualitatswein. In decline.

Answer 72

Grown in Rhinehessen and Franken. Can be both dry and sweet. At its best it is dry, rich on the palate and earthy. Less acidic than Riesling. Need warmest sites. Bottled in a flask-like bottle. Also grown in Alsace, but in decline. Delicately perfumed, with richness - but less than Gewurztraminer. Drunk young.

Answer 73

Important in Pfalz and Baden. GG's in Rhinegau, Rhinehessen, Franken, Pfalz, Baden Dry. Light and fruity or concentrated with oak

Answer 74

A black germany grape, it is deeply colored and widely planted. Second-most planted in Pfalz. Also planted in Rhinehessen.

Answer 75

The name for Meunier in Germany. A red grape.

Answer 76

A black grape in Germany for the domestic market. Important regions: Rhinehessen & Pfalz

Answer 77

A black grape in Germany for the domestic market.

Answer 78

Light-bodied and fruity. Intensely colored Some oak Consumed domestically and sold as Qualitatsweine.

Answer 79

Grown in Alsace, it is similar to Pinot Blanc, more spicy & full-bodied. Sometimes it is blended w/ Pinot Blanc.

Answer 80

A more reliable Muscat variety planted in Alsace in place of Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains, but is less aromatic. It is one of the four noble grapes.

Answer 81

A white grape that is prone to poor fruit set and rot, but is intensely aromatic with flavors of orange blossom, rose and grape. They are light to medium body with low to medium acidity. Grown in Alsace, where it is one of the four noble grapes. Also known as Sarga Muskotaly in Hungary.

Answer 82

Sweetness: Dry (some now have residual sugar) Acidity: High Tannin: N/A Alcohol: Medium Body: Medium - full Aroma: citrus, stone fruit Flavor / Flavor intensity: Pronounced stony / steel Not as floral as German Rieslings

Answer 83

One of the four noble grapes in Alsace. Skin has light pink tinge = golden wine Sweetness: Acidity: Low to medium Tannin: N/A Alcohol: High (14%+ common) Body: Full - oily texture Aroma / Aroma intensity: Pungent spice, lychee, roses, sweet baking spices Old world: Alsace, Alto Adige, Penedes New world: Bio bio valley, Anderson Valley (California), Gisborne,

Answer 84

A white grape that produces high acid, green fruit and citrus-flavored wine in Picpoul de pinet.

Answer 85

Peachy, full-bodied, low acid. Oxidizes easily.

Answer 86

A white grape grown in Limoux, Southern France

Answer 87

A white grape grown in Roussillon

Answer 88

A white grape grown in Provence

Answer 89

Languedoc and Provence

Answer 90

A white grape grown in Southern Rhone

Answer 91

Southern Rhone and Southern France

Answer 92

Southern Rhone, Languedoc and Provence

Answer 93

High in tannin, acidity and color. It can lack finesse. Can be high yielding. Old vine Carignan can produce quality wines.

Answer 94

White Rioja is a highly oxidized and traditionally aged for extended periods in American Oak. It has a deep, golden color with nutty flavors. This style has fallen out of favor. Today, modern white Rioja is made with minimum oxygen contact. Some are producing barrel-fermented, less oxidative wines

Answer 95

A red Priorat is mostly from Garnacha and Carinena, which produces a deeply colored, high tannin wine with medium to high alcohol, concentrated black fruit. Unlike other parts of Spain, they often have New French oak aromas. Some producers are blending with Cabernet Sauvignon and other international varieties.

Answer 96

In Roja, they produce a Joven style with semi-carbonic maceration. Age-worthy wines are destemmed, crushed and sometimes undergo vigorous cap management and extended maceration. They also produce more elegant varieties, which can be more concentrated and blended with Mazuelo and Graciano in addition to Garnacha. Traditionally aged in American oak. Many producers are now using oak from France of other areas in Europe. In Navarro, it is a little cooler and wetter. Tempranillo is blended with Rioja varieties to make a similar wine. In Navarro, they also grow international varieties, so Tempranillo can be blended with Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot.

Answer 97

There are rich, perfumed white blends from Swartland. Blended with Chenin Blanc, Marsanne, Roussane, Grenache Blanc

Answer 98

It can be blended w/ international varieties – Cape Blend As a varietal: Fruity w. red berry flavors Old bush vines: full-bodied, rich, spiced, berry fruit When fermented/stored w. oak staves – adds coffee or chocolate Premium Pinotage – subtle oak aromas

Answer 99

Prefers cool to moderate climates. Is early budding and ripening with thin skins. It is very site-sensitive and does best with restricted yields. It is also susceptible to coulure (shedding of blossoms), downy mildew, botrytis, virus diseases etc. Tend to be: low- med alcohol low - med tannin high acid light to full body Red cherry, raspberry and strawberry Mushroom, earthy, game

Answer 100

Argentina's flagship variety it produces wines that are deeply colored, full-bodied with black fruit and high -- but smooth tannins. At lower altitudes, they are fuller and with richer black fruit. At higher altitudes, they are fresher and more floral. Is normally a varietal, but in Argentina can also be blended with Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc and Petit Verdot.

Answer 101

Intense elderflower and passion fruit with high acid. The North produces more tropical flavors and the South has more acid, with green bell pepper and gooseberry. They are usually fermented in inert vessels at cool temps, but some make oak-matured styles.

Answer 102

Concentrated passion fruit and high acidity.

Answer 103

Can be light and fruity with red berry or full-bodied with rich, spiced berry fruit. Using oak staves, it can take on intense coffee or chocolate aromas. Premium styles will have more subtle oak.

Answer 104

Often have a herbaceous character. The best, coolest areas show citrus and green fruit. In warmer regions, the grape needs to be picked early.

Answer 105

Late ripening, deeply colored, high acidity and tannin. At high-yields it produces an easy-drinking wine, medium to deep color, and fruity raspberry and blackberry aromas. With controlled yields the wine is more concentrated and structured Grown in Mendoza and San Juan.

Answer 106

Salta La Rioja San Juan Mendoza

Answer 107

Medium body, medium acidity, stone fruit, melon and a fruity, floral perfume.

Answer 108

Simple and fruity to full-bodied, very ripe black fruit and herbaceous. It is blended with Merlot, Carmenere or Syrah.

Answer 109

Medium-bodied and fruity Merlot or fuller-bodied and more complex.

Answer 110

This late-ripening grape does best on the warmest and sunniest sites. The wines are full-bodied with high levels of tanning. Can be herbaceous when not ripe but good examples balance the herbal and black fruit character.

Answer 111

From cooler coastal and northerly regions it has peppery notes. In hotter climates like Colchagua, it has more black fruit and a fuller body.

Answer 112

High acid with ripe apple, citrus and tropical flavors. Sometimes with an herbaceous note. Producers sometimes add richness with lees stirring and oak.

Answer 113

Medium to high acidity with citrus and stone fruit. Lees stirring and oak fermentation and maturation are often used.

Answer 114

AA: light-medium body, high acid, citrus, green fruit FVG: Richest in Italy. Medium to full body, peach and tropical flavors.

Answer 115

Valpolicella / Classico - simple and fruity , light tannin, red cherry Amarone - Dry to off dry, full body, medium - high tannin, high alcohol, red berry & spice Receioto - Sweet, with same structure. ABV can be medium to high. Ripasso - Dry. lighter structure. Medium - full bodied, stewed cherries & plum

Answer 116

Valley floor: medium body, medium acid, ripe stone fruit Slopes: Similar to Alto Adige. Light - medium body, high acid, citrus, green fruit

Answer 117

This white wine from Grechetto & Trebbiano is light in body, medium - high acid, with flavors of peach and grapefruit.

Answer 118

This white wine from Mavlasia and Trebbiano is medium in body, medium to high acid, with citrus and orange blossom.

Answer 119

Conero DOCG is a prestigious red wine region that is a blend of Montepulciano and Sangiovese.

Answer 120

High alcohol, high tannin, sour red cherries, cranberry, raspberry, dried herbs. With bottle age, some mushroom.

Answer 121

Citrus, stony, steely that adds honey and wax with age.

Answer 122

Citrus & stone fruit, unoaked

Answer 123

Medium acid, medium- full body, stone fruit, melons and mango. Better examples are matured in oak and have wax and honey with age.

Answer 124

Higher acid, leaner body (than Fiano) with green apple, stone fruit and passion fruit. Stainless steel is used, but some use of old oak and lees stirring is also used. Honey and mushroom is added.

Answer 125

Sauvignon Blanc is an early ripening, highly aromatic, high acid grape well suited to cool climates. Sancerre and Pouilly Fume - elegant and restrained. Green apple and asparagus with wet pebbels Marlborough - Sunlight here gives it gooseberry, elderflower, grapefruit and passionfruit. Other fresh, fruity regions: South Africa, Chile Margaret River - Blended with Semillon for a less aromatic, but fuller bodied wine

Answer 126

Pessac-Leognan. Fermenting and maturing in oak gives it a rounder body and spicy notes. It's also blended with Semillon, which adds body and richness. California (Fume Blanc), New Zealand

Answer 127

Riesling is a late-budding, mid-to-late ripening aromatic grape, that is tolerant of cold winters. It can accumulate sugar without losing acidity, making well-balanced sweet or botytised dessert wines. Cooler climates it has green fruit and floral notes. Warmer climates it's citrus and stone fruit, but less delicate. It ages well. When mature, it develops honey and toast. some develop aromas that are petrol-like. Important areas: Germany, Austria, France, Alsace, Washington State, New Zealand & Finger Lakes

Answer 128

Dry or very sweet.

Answer 129

Dry, and late harvest and botrytized sweet wines.

Answer 130

Australia's Clare and Eden Valley - Bone Dry, High acid and lime. Washington State - Dry New Zealand and Finger Lakes - Fruity, off-dry

Answer 131

Chardonnay is an early budding grape that can grow in cool to warm climates. Cool climate - green fruit, apple, citrus - lemon. Moderate - white peach, apple, and citrus - lemon Warm /Hot - stone fruit - peach, tropical fruit - banana & pineapple. In warm climates, Chardonnay can lose acidity quickly towards the end of ripening. Harvest timing is critical.

Answer 132

Chablis - high acid, green apple and citrus sometimes with wet stones and slate. Cote d'Or - Stone fruit with creamy oak Maconnais - Riper and rounder, hints of toasty oak Most wines go through malolactic conversaion and use extended lees ageing. The best have aromas of nuts or mushroom

Answer 133

Russian River Valley, Los Carneros Adelaide Hills, Margaret River and Mornington Peninsula Gisborne and Marlborough Casablanca

Answer 134

Pinot Gris / Grigio is an early budding, early ripening grape. Warm climates it accumulates high sugar, but loses much acidity. The choice of clone is important.

Answer 135

Dry or off-dry, oily texture ripe tropical fruit, ginger and honey Grape skins have a deep color, creating a golden wine

Answer 136

Viscous with medium acidity, more pure fruit (than Alsace) and more residual sugar.

Answer 137

Alsace New Zealand Tasmania Australia Oregon

Answer 138

Alto Adige Trentino Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Answer 139

Cabernet Sauvignon is a thick-skinned, late ripening grape with lots of color, flavor and tannins. It has intense flavors and medium to full-body with high tannins. In cooler places it can struggle to ripen fully, giving the wines astringent tannins and herbaceous flavors. In Haut-Medoc, it has long-lived wines with grippy tannins, cedar and blackcurrant leaf. Tannins soften with age and flavors are more expressive. It's often blended with Merlot, which adds plum and smooths out the texture.

Answer 140

South France Italy Spain Generally blended with indigenous grape varieties, such as Sangiovese and Tempranillo. Or Shiraz in Australia.

Answer 141

Seen blended or varietals. Warm temperatures and long sunlight hours make it full-bodied, ripe blackcurrant, black cherry and smooth tannins. Regions: Napa Valley, Coonawarra, Margaret River, Hawke's Bay, Stellenbosch, Colchagua

Answer 142

Merlot buds and ripens earlier than Cabernet Sauvignon. Dominant in Saint-Emilion and Pomerol.

Answer 143

International style: Harvested as late as possible. This gives wines with intense purple color, concentrated blackberry and plum and soft, velvet-textured tannins. Bordeaux style: Harvest grapes earlier. Wines have medium body, medium alcohol, higher acidity, fresh red fruit and vegetal leafy aromas.

Answer 144

Pinot Noir is an early budding, early ripening variety with thin skin. It is best grown in cool to moderate climates. It has many clones with various characteristics. It can be light and fruity with red cherry to complex and earthy with flavors of spice and forest floor. Cote d'Or, Baden, Los Carneros, Sonoma, Martinborough, Marlborough, Central Otago, Yarra Valley, Mornington Peninsula, Tasmania, Walker Bay, Casablanca.

Answer 145

Entry level: very light, high acid, hint of oak Premium: (Cote d'Or) Intense & complex it can range from floral to tannic and spicy.

Answer 146

Mushroom and forest floor

Answer 147

Syrah is a small grape with thick, dark skins and does not ripen in very cool climates. It produces wines that range from medium-bodied with pepper and fresh black fruit to smooth and full-bodied wines with intense black fruit and licorice. Its dark color and high tannins make it suitable for long-term aging. Notable regions: Cote Rotie, Languedoc and Roussillon, Hunter Valley, Barossa, Great Southern, Geelong, Heathcote, Chile, South Africa, Hawke's Bay, Washington State.

Answer 148

Northern Rhone - lesser sites produce light wines with simple black fruit, herbaceous flavors, and slightly grippy tannins. South-facing slopes (Cote Rotie / Hermitage) produce fuller-bodied wines with berry flavors, hints of peppers, notes of meat and leather. Languedoc and Roussillon - blended with Grenache, Mourvedre, Carignan and Cinsault. Here it has riper flavors and tannins.

Answer 149

Hunter Valley & Barossa (HOT): Early, spicy with concentrated black fruit Great Southern, Geelong and Heathcote (COOL): Leaner, peppery

Answer 150

Grenache is a late-ripening, thin-skinned grape that needs warm or hot climates and is drought tolerant. It produces wines that are high in alcohol, low in acid, full-bodied with soft tannins and red fruit flavors.

Answer 151

Priorat - blended with Carignan to produce deeply colored wines with high tannin, fresh black fruit and toasty oak. Rioja - Planted in Rioja Oriental & blended with Tempranillo it adds perfume, body and alcohol. Also widely grown in Calatayud, Carinena and Navarra. A number of regions also produce rose wines.

Answer 152

In Southern Rhone, it makes the finest wines in Chateauneauf-du-pape. Usually blended with Syrah and Mourvedre to produce full-bodied richly textured wines with concentrated spicy red fruit. Languedoc and Roussillon - Here it is blended with Syrah, Mourvedre, Carignan and Cinsault. Can be spicy, perfumed with local herbs.

Answer 153

Dry to off dry, low to medium alcohol, varied in pressure and sold young.

Grapes and wines Flashcards

(178 cards)