Grayson - Review Flashcards
What inhibits NFAT?
Cyclosporin A. This prevents T cell activation by preventing IL-2 and CD25 production.
Which of the following do not interfere directly with nucleotide synthesis? A. Azothiaprine B. Methotrexate C. Prendozone D. Cyclophosphamide
C. Prednosone, a synthetic corticosteroid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant drug. It is used to treat certain inflammatory diseases (such as moderate allergic reactions), some autoimmune diseases, and (at higher doses) some types of cancer, but it has significant adverse effects.
Predosone is a synthetic ___ drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant drug.
Prednisone is a synthetic corticosteroid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant drug.
If I am a recipient T cell and I recognize donor HLA, what kind of recognition am I undergoing?
Direct recognition
What do we call the rejection of an organ that occurs within the first couple days to the first week or two? __
What if we see it within a day? __
What is it called when it takes a long time? ___
What do we call the rejection of an organ that occurs within the first couple days to the first week or two?
–>an acute rejection
What if we see it within a day?
–> a hyperacute rejection
What is it called when it takes a long time?
–> chronic rejection
What is a minor histo. complexus?
An intracellular protein.
How does poison ivy work? What type of HSR is this?
Pentadecacatechol binds to a self protein, making it a haptoprotein (altered self). This is presented to your T cell. This is a
Type IV HSR
What two diseases fall HEAVILY under type IV HSR?
Type 1 DM (CTL cells kill beta cells)
MS - the victims are the neurons, the perpetrator is the CD4 T cell –> loss of myelin sheath
What do Tregs express on their surface?
CD4 and CD25 and FOX3P
What happens if you don’t have FOX3P?
IPEX disease. This means you don’t get Treg (Remember, Treg cells have to be CD4+CD25+FOX3P) cells so you have an overactive immune system.
In the thymus, who protects us from getting self-reactive cells from other sites?
AIRE
What happens if you get a mutation in AIRE?
APECED –> you have wonky negative selection so you get self-reactive immune cells –> autoimmune syndromes.
What are some characteristics of a tumor?
Uncontrolled growth No signaling Hypertrophy Proliferate even if it "bumps up" against its neighbors Undifferentiated Elicits an immune response Can initiate angiogenesis (VEGF) Evades apoptosis
What is the role of PDL1?
Tumors express PDL1, an inhibitory receptor ligand. If you block the reaction between PDL1 on the tumor and PD1 on activated T cells, you get an increase in function of the activated T cell and in some cases, regression of tumor.
What key things do you need to do to the recipient before you give GVHD?
What do you have to lack in the recipient?
In the donor, what has to be in the bone marrow?
The patient needs to be immunosuppressed.
You have to lack functional T cells.
In the donor, functional T cells must be in the bone marrow.
If I take donor bone marrow and deplete it of T cells, will I increase or decrease GVHD in the recipient?
Why don’t you want to do this to a patient?
decrease.
You still need donor T cells to fight off potential viruses that were latent in the donor organ. Also, if it is a bone marrow transplant, the host still needs donor T cells to fight their cancer (GVT or GVL - graft versus tumor/graft versus leukemia). If you deplete the donor T cells, you won’t have T cells that can fight against the recipients tumors.
In a human who is undergoing chemotherapy treatment, what kind of deficits do they have in their immune system?
Neutropenia, loss of T cells.
In a person who has HIV, what cell are you lacking?
CD4 - susceptible to oportunistic infections.
In a person who has HIV, what cell are you lacking?
CD4 - susceptible to opportunistic infections.
Syngeneic graft is from an __
genetically similar organism (i.e. identical twin)
Allogeneic graft is from an __
unrelated person but same species
Xenogeneic graft is from __
unrelated species (pig heart valve, etc.)
4. What type I hypersensitivity reaction does not require antibodies? A. Type III. B. Type IV. C. Type II. D. Type I.
Type IV
1. Joe Bob showed up to school one day irritated after a recent round of vaccinations. To cheer him up one of his friends, Peggy Sue, gave him a peanut butter cookie. His lips became swollen and he had trouble breathing. Upon visiting your clinic, his parents ask you to test him for peanut allergies. A small blood sample is withdrawn and you measure: A. Total IgG levels. B. Total IgE levels. C. Antigen-specific (peanut) IgG levels. D. Antigen-specific (peanut) IgE levels.
B. Total IgE levels.
