GRE “C” Flashcards

(78 cards)

1
Q

Cacophony

A

Harsh, discordant sound mixture

🔊 loudspeakers with red sound waves

The cafeteria was a cacophony of chatter and clattering trays.
The cacophony of car horns during rush hour was unbearable.

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2
Q

Calumny

A

Malicious lie intended to hurt someone’s
reputation; the act of telling such lies

Calumny (🗞️ torn newspaper with “LIES” headline)

The calumnies spread online ruined her reputation.
Political campaigns often descend into calumny.
The lawsuit accused him of spreading calumny

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3
Q

Canard

A

False rumor or hoax baseless story

Debunked rumor FAKE

The canard about the celebrity’s death went viral.
The canard about vaccines causing autism was debunked.

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4
Q

Candid

A

Frank, truthful

Candid (📸 unposed photo)

The candid photo captured their genuine laughter.
Her candid remarks shocked the diplomatic corps.

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5
Q

Canonical

A

Officially recognized standard

“Canon” (official list) + “-ical”

Shakespeare’s canonical works include 37 plays.
The committee established canonical guidelines.
This violates the canonical procedures.

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6
Q

Capricious

A

Given to sudden changes

Related to “Capricorn” (astrological sign of change)

The capricious CEO changed strategies weekly.
His capricious temper made him unpredictable.

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7
Q

Cardinal

A

Of foremost importance

Like “cardinal” (main) directions on a compass)

Honesty is a cardinal virtue.
Cardinal directions are N/S/E/W.
Punctuality is cardinal in military culture.

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8
Q

Cartography

A

The art of map-making

“Chart” + “graphy” (writing) = chart-writing

Ancient cartography often included mythical creatures.
Modern cartography uses satellite imagery.

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9
Q

Castigate

A

To reprimand harshly

Cast + “igate” (like “irate”) - throw angry words
👨🏫 angry teacher

The coach castigated the team for poor sportsmanship.
Editorial castigated the corrupt officials.

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10
Q

Catalyst

A

Agent that provokes change

⚗️ chemical reaction

The protest became a catalyst for reform.
Enzymes act as biological catalysts.

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11
Q

Catholic

A

Universal; broad in scope

the Catholic Church’s worldwide presence

She had catholic tastes in literature, enjoying everything from classics to sci-fi.

The professor’s catholic knowledge impressed his students.

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12
Q

Caustic

A

Bitingly sarcastic; corrosive

“costic” - imagine criticism that costs relationships

His caustic wit often offended people.
Caustic soda is used for drain cleaning.

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13
Q

Censure

A

Formal disapproval

“Cen-sure” sounds like “sen-sure” - senators sure to disapprove

The senator faced censure for ethical violations.
The board voted to censure the CEO.

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14
Q

Chauvinism

A

Excessive patriotism or sexism

Nicolas Chauvin, overly patriotic soldier 🚻 sexist sign

Workplace chauvinism hindered her promotion.

His chauvinism blinded him to other cultures’ merits.

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15
Q

Chicanery

A

Trickery or deception

“cheat-canery” 🎭 masked face
Sounds like sikari or chick which
Is tricky to catch

The contract was voided due to legal chicanery.
The investigation uncovered financial chicanery

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16
Q

Chronological

A

In time order

“Chron” = time (as in chronology)

The biography presents events in chronological order.

“The timeline showed chronological development.”

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17
Q

Circumspect

A

Cautious, considering consequences

Circum” (around) + “spect” (look) - look around carefully 👀

Investors were circumspect about the new venture.

She gave a circumspect answer to the tricky question.

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18
Q

circumscribe

A

To limit, restrict, or confine something — often narrowly or precisely.

Restrict, limit, confine

🔹 The new laws severely circumscribe press freedom.
🔹 His creativity was circumscribed by rigid corporate policies.
🔹 The ancient city was circumscribed by massive stone walls.

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19
Q

Clamber

A

Climb awkwardly

clumsy climber

They clambered over the rocky terrain.

The child clambered onto the chair.

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20
Q

Clamor

A

Loud noise or shouting

“claim” (noisy shellfish) + “mor” (more noise)

The clamor of the marketplace was overwhelming.

The clamor of fans filled the stadium.

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21
Q

Clinch

A

Secure decisively
Make final or settle conclusively

Boxers “clinch” to secure position

The handshake clinched the agreement.

The goal clinched the championship.

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22
Q

Cloying

A

Excessively sweet Disgustingly or distastefully sweet

Sounds like “cling” - overly sweet things cling to you

The cloying perfume gave her a headache.

The cloying sentimentality ruined the film.

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23
Q

Coagulate

A

Thicken or clot

Co-“ (together) + “agulate” (like “aggregate”)
(🩸 blood drop clotting)

Blood coagulates to stop bleeding.

The sauce coagulated as it cooled.

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24
Q

Coalesce

A

Come together, unite; fuse together

Co-“ (together) + “alesce” (grow)

Protest groups coalesced around the issue.

The plan coalesced after much discussion.

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25
Coda
Final part of a musical composition; an ending, esp. one that sums up what has come before | "code" - the final encoded message 🎼 musical finale symbol) ## Footnote The symphony's coda brought thunderous applause. The memoir's coda was particularly moving."
26
Coffer
Treasury or funds Chest for storing valuables; financial resources, a treasury | 💰 treasure chest) ## Footnote The municipal coffers were nearly empty. War drained the national coffers.
27
Cogent
Clear, logical, convincing | "code gentle" - gently making sense ## Footnote She presented a cogent case for reform. The cogent argument won the debate
28
Collude
Conspire for deceit cooperate for illegal or fraudulent purposes | "Col-" (together) + "lude" (play) - play together dishonestly ## Footnote The companies colluded to fix prices. They colluded to cheat on the exam. "The investigation proved they colluded
29
Commensurate
Corresponding in size, degree, or proportion | The same in size, extent, etc., equivalent; proportional ## Footnote Her salary is commensurate with her experience. The punishment should be commensurate to the crime.
30
Compendium
A concise yet comprehensive collection | compacted information compiation of info ## Footnote The textbook is a compendium of biological knowledge. The compendium summarized centuries of research The report served as a compendium of climate data.
31
Complacent
Self-satisfied to the point of ignoring risks | stuck in one's comfortable place ## Footnote Complacent governments often fail to address looming crises. The team's complacency led to their defeat by hungrier competitors. Never become complacent about cybersecurity threats.
32
Complaisant
Eager to please; obliging | someone who aims to please Comply + pleasant = Pleasantly compliant ## Footnote Her complaisant nature made her an excellent hostess. The complaisant waiter accommodated all our requests. Beware of leaders who are too complaisant to challenge bad ideas.
33
Complementary
Combining to enhance or complete ## Footnote Their complementary skills made them ideal business partners. Blue and orange are complementary colors on the wheel. The internship provided complementary experience to her coursework.
34
Compliant
Obedient; conforming to requirements | Comply"-ant - built to comply 📋 checklist with green ticks ## Footnote The software is fully compliant with privacy laws. The building wasn't compliant with fire safety codes. The new materials are environmentally compliant.
35
Concede
Admit reluctantly; yield | Admit defeat/yield" ## Footnote He conceded the argument when shown evidence The candidate conceded defeat after the final count.
36
Conciliatory
Intended to placate or reconcile, appeasing or attempting to make peace Council is elected to solve a dispute | Peace-making 🤝 handshake ## Footnote The CEO made conciliatory remarks to striking workers. Her conciliatory tone prevented escalation.
37
Concur
Approve, agree | Agree formally ✅ checkmark ## Footnote The committee concurred with the proposal unanimously. "I concur with Dr. Lee's diagnosis," said the specialist.
38
Condone
Overlook, tolerate, regard as harmless | Tacitly approve "Con-" (with) + "done" → being okay with what's done ## Footnote The school cannot condone cheating. Silence often condones bad behavior. His smile condoned their mischief.
39
Confer
Consult, compare views; bestow or give | 1. Grant 2. Consult ## Footnote The degree was conferred at graduation. We need to confer before deciding. The panel conferred about the award
40
Confound
Confuse, frustrate; mix up or make worse | ❓Sounds like "con-found" - found in confusion ## Footnote The results confounded researchers. The paradox confounded philosophers.
41
Connoisseur
Expert, especially in the fine arts; person of educated, refined tastes | Discerning expert know-sir" - one who knows ## Footnote A wine connoisseur identified the vintage She's a connoisseur of Japanese ceramics.
42
Connote
Suggest or imply in addition to the precise, literal meaning | Implied meaning extra notes beyond definition ## Footnote "Home" connotes warmth and safety. The color red connotes danger.
43
Console
Comfort in distress | 🫂 hug Give solace ## Footnote Friends consoled her after the loss. The music consoled his loneliness.
44
Consolidate
Unite, combine, solidify, make coherent | "Con-" (together) + solid make solid together 🧩 puzzle pieces joining ## Footnote The company consolidated its departments. She consolidated her notes before the exam. Review helps consolidate knowledge.
45
Constrict
Squeeze, compress; restrict the freedom of | Compress 🐍 coiled snake "strict" - tightening ## Footnote The snake constricted its prey. Tight rules constricted creativity. Anxiety constricted his chest.
46
Construe
Interpret or translate | Interpret 🔍 ## Footnote His silence was construed as guilt. The remark was construed as offensive.
47
Contentious
Controversial; quarrelsome Contentious is a very common GRE word, so unless you want me to become contentious, memorize it now! | Argument-prone - "Content" (argue) + "-ious" (full of) ⚡ ## Footnote The contentious issue divided the community. His contentious manner sparked arguments. Since old grandpa Harry became very contentious during the summer when only reruns were on T.V.,the grandkids learned to hide from him at every opportunity.
48
Contextualize
Place in appropriate context | Situate in context 🖼️ "Context" + "-ize" (make) → make context ## Footnote Historians contextualize events within their era. The data needs proper contextualizing. The professor contextualized the novel's themes.
49
contraries
Things that are opposing; either of two opposite things Opposite in nature, direction, or meaning | Direct opposites ⬆️⬇️ ## Footnote Good and evil are fundamental contraries in moral philosophy. Their opinions stood as contraries on the issue. Their personalities were perfect contraries
50
contrite
Remorseful; feeling sorry for one's offenses or sins | i feel contrite because i didnt do it righ i regret i cant do anth right ## Footnote Though he stole his little sister’s licorice stick with malevolent glee, Chucky soon became contrite when his sister wouldn’t stop crying.
51
contumacious
Rebellious; stubbornly disobedient | contrary+ rebelliou kaun tu hai jiski main sunu, disobedient ## Footnote The contumacious witness refused to answer. His contumacy led to contempt charges. "The contumacious prisoner ignored all orders
52
conundrum
Difficult problem or riddle Riddle, the answer to which involves a play on words; any mystery | which came first chicken or egg ==? "Kon unda" ## Footnote "What came first, the chicken or egg?" is a classic conundrum. The ethical conundrum troubled researchers.
53
converge
Move towards one another or towards a point; unite ## Footnote The rivers converge at the delta. Our research findings converged unexpectedly. Protesters converged on the capital.
54
conversant
Knowledgeable about or experienced with converse-saint =? well informed saint able to converse | "Converse" + "ant" - able to converse about it ## Footnote She's conversant in three programming languages. He's conversant with 19th-century art The diplomat was conversant with local customs.
55
conversely
In an opposite way; on the other hand | (🔄 reverse arrow) ## Footnote Cats dislike water; conversely, most dogs love swimming. Warm air rises; conversely, cold air sinks. The theory worked in lab tests; conversely, field tests failed.
56
convoke
Call together (a meeting) | Con (together) + voke (call, as "vocal") convocation= college call std ## Footnote The president convoked an emergency session. The council is convoked biannually.
57
convoluted
Twisted; very complicated | 🌀 spira, convolution theorem very difficult volute => spiral ## Footnote The film's convoluted timeline frustrated viewers. The convoluted instructions confused everyone.
58
copious
Plentiful, bountiful Abundant in supply | copy= photocopy of sth results in bulk quantity by copying lots of mark ## Footnote The region has copious water reserves. The report contained copious evidence.
59
corroborate
Support, add evidence to 🔍 Borate test in chemisry is a confirmatory test | Co-" (together) + "robust" - making evidence robust ## Footnote The DNA test corroborated his alibi. No witnesses could corroborate her story. The fingerprints corroborated the suspect's presence.
60
cosmopolitan
Composed of diverse cultures; worldly | "Cosmo" (world/universe) + "politan" (citizen) cosmos has variety ## Footnote New York is a cosmopolitan metropolis. The festival had a cosmopolitan atmosphere. His cosmopolitan tastes reflected years abroad.
61
Checkered
The meaning of checkered is completely unrelated to the meaning of check, so be sure to know the difference between the two. A checkered past is one that is marked by disreputable happenings. Having a varied past, often marked by both successes and failures, or good and bad periods — sometimes with a hint of scandal, instability, or controversy. | Checkered = like a chessboard = light and dark = good and bad ## Footnote 🔹 The politician’s checkered career made voters hesitant to trust him. 🔹 Despite his checkered past, he worked hard to reform his image. 🔹 E-Signature has a checkered history of compliance violations and innovation.
62
Check
To check is to limit, and it is a word usually used to modify the growth of something ## Footnote When government abuses are not kept in check, that government is likely to become autocratic.
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cosset
Treat as a pet, pamper or overprotect | you will treat with cae regardless of the COSt Set ## Footnote She cossets her plants like children. The cosseted puppy refused to eat dry food.
64
coterie
Close or exclusive small group, clique | COTORIE KILLED MJ. A small group of close people pressurized MJ to kill ## Footnote The artist's coterie attended gallery openings. A coterie of executives controlled decisions.
65
countenance
Facial expression or face (noun); approve or tolerate (verb) Countenance : Count to ten --- small boy was counting form 1 to ten.he got tired. His dad ALLOWED him 2 go to play which changed d appearance of the son's face into a smiley face ## Footnote Her stony countenance revealed nothing. (Noun) The school won't countenance cheating. (Verb)
66
counterintuitive
Against what one would intuitively expect Contrary to what common sense would suggest | "Counter" (against) + "intuitive" (instinctive) ## Footnote The counterintuitive results surprised researchers. The counterintuitive solution was actually the most effective. It may seem counterintuitive, but we do burn calories when we are sleeping.
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counterpoint
Contrasting element that complements ## Footnote Her optimism served as counterpoint to his pessimism. The violin provided a perfect counterpoint to the cello. The dark subplot was a counterpoint to the comedy
68
counterproductive
Having the opposite of the desired effect Defeating the purpose; preventing the intended goal | working against productivity ## Footnote Micromanaging is often counterproductive. The strict rules proved counterproductive to creativity. Yelling at employees is counterproductive.
69
covert
Concealed or secret Secret, veiled, undercover | Cover" + "t" → covered tightly ## Footnote The covert mission required stealth. She exchanged covert glances with her ally. The covert operation lasted months
70
crafty
Skilled at deception Cunning, skillful in deception or underhanded schemes | Like a "craftsman" of deception ## Footnote The crafty fox outwitted the hunters. His crafty negotiation tactics secured the deal. The crafty lawyer found every loophole.
71
craven
Cowardly, Very cowardly, lacking courage | Sounds like "cave in" - what cowards do under pressure ## Footnote His craven surrender disappointed allies. The craven bully only targeted the weak. The craven soldier deserted his post.
72
credibility
Believability, trustworthiness The quality of being trusted or believed. ## Footnote 🔹 His lies destroyed his credibility as a witness. 🔹 The scientist’s report gained credibility after peer review.
73
credulous
Gullible; prone to believing or trusting too easily or without enough evidence ## Footnote Only the most credulous tourists believed the street magician’s trick. She’s too credulous to see through his flattery.
74
crescendo
Steady increase in force, intensity, or the loudness of a musical passage; a climactic moment or peak A gradual increase in intensity, especially in music or emotion. ## Footnote The music rose to a powerful crescendo. Tension reached a crescendo before the verdict.
75
culminate
Reach the climax, highest point or final stage ## Footnote Years of research culminated in a breakthrough discovery. The season culminated with a grand finale.
76
cupidity
Greed, great or excessive desire | Cupid (love) → Cupidity = love of money 💰 ## Footnote Their cupidity led to corruption and scandal. The story warns against cupidity and selfishness.
77
curmudgeon
Bad-tempered, difficult person; grouch A bad-tempered, grumpy, or irritable old person ## Footnote The neighborhood curmudgeon yelled at kids to stay off his lawn. Though a curmudgeon, he had a heart of gold.
78
cynical
Thinking the worst of others' motivations; bitterly pessimistic | Cynical = skeptic + sarcasm + suspicion. ## Footnote He’s cynical about politics and rarely votes. Her cynical outlook made her question every compliment.