Great War (ch 27) Flashcards
(40 cards)
Berlin Conference (1885)
Laid down the rules for the conquest of Africa:
(1) european countries holding a coast inland
(2) occupation must be with real troops
(3) must give notice of which countries were occupied
(4) started the scramble for Africa
Balkan Wars
Serbia, Greece, Bulgaria took Macedonia from the Ottomans in 1912. Serbia then fought Bulgaria in the second Balkan War in 1913 Austria intervened to stop the war
Black Hand
Ultra Nationalist, Serbian Society. Secretly supported by members of the Serbian government
Conscription
Forced retirement into the army to meet the needs of war. Charles I (1887-1922) was the last Austrian Emperor abdicated November 1918. The next day Austria was declared a Republic as was Hungary
Entente Cordial
Britain gained control of Egypt. France gained control of Morocco. No written alliance only an agreement. Basically against Germany
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne. Was assassinated in Sarajevo started WWI
Isolationism
Not becoming involved in global or regional events
Joseph Joffre
French General led the French at the Battle of the Marne
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Germany dismissed Bismark in 1890. Did not renew Bismark’s treaty with Russia and “forced” Russia to look for another ally (France)
Kruger Telegram
William II sent Kruger of the Transvaal a congratulatory telegram upon hearing of the failure of the Jamson Raid. Alerted Britain of the dangers from Germany
TE Lawrence
Enigmatic English Col. Known as Lawrence of Arabia. Aroused the Arabs to revolt in 1917
VI Lenin
Believed in Marxist Socialism
(1) believed capitalism must be destroyed
(2) a social revolution was possible in backwards Russia
(3) the need for highly trained workers partly controlled by revolutionaries like himself
League of Nations
Allies worked out terms for peace with Germany (1919) precursor to the United States
Lusitania
Sunk in 1915 by a German submarine. 139 Americans killed. Forced Germany to stop submarine warfare
Battle of Marne
A major French victory against the invading German army at the start of WWI. In reality lost Germany the war
Morocco Crisis (1911)
After the French received Morocco, Germany demanded an international conference
German bullying forced England and France closer
Germany gained nothing
Nicholas II
The last tsar. Wanted supreme rule of army and government. Led the armies to defeat. Forced to abdicate in 1917 by the Duma
Gavrito Princip
The assassin of Franz Joseph of Austria, a member of the Black Hand
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Treaty between Bolsheviks and Germans
(1) Russia list 1/3 of its population (2) height of Russian success in WWI
Signed by Lenin
Treaty of Versailles
Negotiated by the Big Three Germany was stripped of colonies Alsace and Cormine given back to France. Poland was reconstituted as a state. Polish corridor would split Prussia from Germany. The Saar region would be French for 15 years. Heavy repurcussions (not specified)
Battle of Verdun (1916)
German assault on the French fortress
Turned into a battle of attrition (France won)
Triple Entente (1914)
Great Britain, France, and Russia
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
President Wilson’s peace proposal in 1918 stressed national self-determination and the rights of the small countries. Freedom of the seas and free trade. Clemancceau said “god only had ten”
Woodrow Wilson
US president who led USA into WWI. He proposed the 14 points. He attended the peace conference at Versailles
