Greater and lesser omentum

Question 1

What is the location of the abdominal cavity

Answer 1

between the diaphragm and pelvic inlet

Question 2

What does the abdominal cavity contain

Answer 2

digestive tract (stomach, small intestine, large intestine) liver, pancreas, spleen and gall bladder

Question 3

What are the layers of the peritoneum and what is between them

Answer 3

parietal and visceral layers. peritoneal fluid is between them

Question 4

What is not contained in the peritoneal cavity

Answer 4

there are no organs present

Question 5

What is an intraperitoneal organ and an example

Answer 5

the organ is almost entirely covered with visceral peritoneum. such as the liver and stomach

Question 6

What are the two types of extraperitoneal organs

Answer 6

retroperitoneal and subperitoneal

Question 7

What is a retroperitoneal organ and. examples

Answer 7

posterior to the parietal peritoneum, such as the kidney

Question 8

What is a subperitoneal organ and examples

Answer 8

below/inferior to the parietal such as the bladder

Question 9

What is a secondary retroperitoneal organ

Answer 9

is retroperitoneal but used to have a mesentary, such as the duodenum

Question 10

What structure holds the transverse colon to the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 10

the transverse mesocolon

Question 11

What structure suspends the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 11

the mesentary

Question 12

What two arteries and veins are in the greater sac

Answer 12

the right and left gastro-omental vessels

Question 13

What is the epiploic foramen

Answer 13

opening for communications between the greater and lesser sac

Question 14

What is an omentum?

Answer 14

Stomach and proximal part of duodenum to adjacent organs- relates to the stomach

Question 15

What are the two components of the lesser sac and what does the lesser sac divide into

Answer 15

the superior and inferior recess
divides into the medial hepatogastric ligament (between stomach and liver) and lateral hepatoduodenal ligament (between duodenum and liver)

Question 16

What is a mesentry?

Answer 16

Connect intraperitoneal organs to the body wall (Mesentry of small intestine, mesocolon- relates to colon)

Question 17

What happens to the liver and spleen during development to form the lesser sac

Answer 17

liver swings to the right and spleen swings to the left. pushes the lesser sac to be hidden behind the stomach

Question 18

What is a peritoneal ligament?

Answer 18

Connects an organ with another organ or the abdominal wall I.e falciform ligament and gastrosplenic ligament

Question 19

Where is the gastrocolic ligament?

Answer 19

Between the stomach and transverse colon

Question 20

What is the portal triad and what is it made up of?

Answer 20

Vessels of liver
Anterior- right- bile duct
Anterior- left- hepatic artery from coeliac
Posterior- portal vein

Question 21

What is a peritoneal ligament and give two examples

Answer 21

connects organ to organ or organ to the abdominal wall
such as the falciform ligament or gastrosplenic ligament

Question 22

What is the Pringle manoeuvre?

Answer 22

Clamps the heptaduodenal ligament- this interrupts the flow of blood through the hepatic artery and portal veins- which helps to control bleeding from the liver- bile duct also stopped

Question 23

What are the boundaries of the Epiploic foramen?

Answer 23

Anteriorly- Heptaduodenal ligament
Posterior- Inferior vena cava
Superior- liver
Inferior- 1st part of duodenum

Question 24

What is spleenomegaly?

Answer 24

Enlarged spleen

Question 25

What does the mesentry of small intestine do?

Answer 25

Connects small intestine to the Posterior abdominal wall

Question 26

What is the transverse mesocolon?

Answer 26

Attaches the transverse colon to PAW

Question 27

What does the sigmoid mesocolon do?

Answer 27

Attaches sigmoid colon to PAW

Question 28

What does the foregut give rise to?

Answer 28

Oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, biliary ducts and upper parts (1st and 2nd part) of the duodenum

Question 29

What does the midgut give rise to?

Answer 29

The rest of the small intestine, caecum, appendix, ascending colon and proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

Question 30

What does the hindgut give rise to?

Answer 30

Distal 1.3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum.

Question 31

What are the three main branches of coeliac trunk

Answer 31

Left gastric artery, splenic artery Common hepatic artery

Question 32

What does the left gastric split into?

Answer 32

Oesphegeal artery

Question 33

What does the splenic branch into?

Answer 33

The short gastric and left gastrosplenic Epiploic

Question 34

What are the branches of the common hepatic artery?

Answer 34

Hepatic proper> Cystic, Righgt hepatic and left hepatic Gastro-duodenal artery> Supra-duodenal artery and superior- pancreatic duodenal artery, right gastric Epiploic

Question 35

Where does the coeliac trunk arise from?

Answer 35

T12 from abdominal aorta

Question 36

What is the falciform ligament

Answer 36

attached to anterior wall. divides the smaller left lobe and the larger right lobe

Question 37

What is the ligamentum teres a remnant of

Answer 37

remnant of the umbilical vein