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GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 8 > GREECE > Flashcards

GREECE Flashcards

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1
Q

What legacy did the Athens of the 5th century BCE leave?

A

Democracy, the ‘government of the people’

This was the first historical instance of the political strength of the demos, the people.

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2
Q

Who could participate in the Athenian Assembly?

A

Only men who were considered citizens

Women, metics (foreigners), and slaves were excluded and did not have the same rights.

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3
Q

What was essential for achieving social peace in Athens?

A

Discussion in the Assembly, making laws, and electing leaders

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4
Q

What is the term for the Athenian citizens’ assembly?

A

Ecclesia

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5
Q

What type of government emerged in Athens?

A

Democracy

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6
Q

Fill in the blank: The majority of the Athenian population, including _______ and slaves, were excluded from the Assembly.

A

women

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7
Q

What were the key features of Athenian democracy?

A

Participation in the Assembly, law-making, electing leaders

Limited to male citizens.

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8
Q

True or False: All residents of Athens had equal rights in the Assembly.

A

False

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9
Q

What were the keywords associated with this unit on Athenian democracy?

A

acropolis, citizen, democracy, ostracism, oligarchy, polis, colony, metropolis, tyranny

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10
Q

What question challenges learners regarding equal rights in Athens?

A

Could you argue in favour of equal rights for citizens, women, and metics?

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the meeting depicted in the central image?

A

To discuss issues relevant to the polis and make decisions

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12
Q

What does the term ‘polis’ refer to?

A

City-state in ancient Greece

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13
Q

What is a characteristic of a democratic regime?

A

Participation of citizens in decision-making

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14
Q

What historical period follows the Athenian democracy?

A

Hellenistic Period

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15
Q

What can be analyzed to understand the evolution of colonists and Indo-Europeans?

A

Historical maps

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16
Q

What is the significance of ostracism in Athenian democracy?

A

A practice to exile a citizen for ten years to prevent tyranny

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: The term _______ refers to a government ruled by a few.

A

oligarchy

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18
Q

What did Alexander the Great create?

A

A great empire

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19
Q

What does the term ‘metropolis’ refer to?

A

A mother city, especially in relation to its colonies

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20
Q

What united the inhabitants of ancient Greece?

A

The same Greek culture, language, and shared history

Despite being divided into different poleis, they shared common myths and legends.

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21
Q

What were the territories of ancient Greece known as?

A

Hellas

The territory included the Balkan Peninsula, the coast of Asia Minor, and islands in the Ionian and Aegean Seas.

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22
Q

Why was ancient Greece divided into multiple city-states?

A

Difficult travel due to high mountains and narrow valleys

This geographical layout prevented the formation of a single state.

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23
Q

How did ancient Greeks primarily travel?

A

By sea

This facilitated trade and the development of Greek civilization.

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24
Q

What are poleis?

A

City-states in ancient Greece

Each polis operated independently.

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25
What were the important pre-Hellenic cultures in the region?
Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations ## Footnote These cultures significantly influenced the ancient Greeks.
26
Who were the Achaeans?
A group that created Mycenaean culture ## Footnote They migrated to the Balkan Peninsula and the Aegean Islands.
27
What characterized Mycenaean culture?
Walled cities, bronze weapons, and trade relations ## Footnote The Mycenaean civilization existed during the Bronze Age from 1600 to 1200 BCE.
28
What was the significance of the city of Knossos?
It had rich palaces decorated with frescoes ## Footnote Knossos was a major center of Minoan civilization on Crete.
29
Fill in the blank: The ancient Greeks felt they were heirs to the _______ cultures.
pre-Hellenic
30
What did Homer's poems explain?
Common origin and achievements of their ancestors ## Footnote The Iliad and the Odyssey are key works in Greek literature.
31
What type of government did ancient Greece contribute to the world?
Democracy ## Footnote The origins of democracy can be traced back to ancient Greek city-states.
32
True or False: The territory of modern Greece is larger than that of ancient Greece.
False ## Footnote Ancient Greece included a larger area than modern Greece.
33
True or False: The ancient Greek territory was divided into poleis, where the inhabitants spoke different languages.
False ## Footnote Inhabitants spoke the same language despite being divided into city-states.
34
Fill in the blank: The Minoan civilization dominated the _______ Mediterranean.
eastern
35
What were the major features of Mycenaean cities?
Royal palaces, artisan workshops, grave circles, places of worship ## Footnote These features highlight the complex society of the Mycenaeans.
36
What is a polis?
An independent city-state in ancient Greece consisting of a city and surrounding land and villages. ## Footnote Each polis had its own laws, currency, army, and government.
37
What were the two main parts of a polis?
The acropolis and the agora. ## Footnote The acropolis contained religious buildings, while the agora was the center of public life.
38
What was located in the acropolis of a polis?
Main religious buildings and a citadel. ## Footnote The acropolis served as a high ground for defense and religious activities.
39
What was the function of the agora in a polis?
It was where public life took place, including commerce and socializing. ## Footnote People went to the agora to sell goods, buy necessities, honor the gods, and socialize.
40
What did most Greeks do for a living?
They worked in livestock farming and agriculture, including crops like wheat, barley, vineyards, and olives. ## Footnote Others were artisans, merchants, or domestic workers.
41
What are the different forms of government that existed in Greek poleis?
Monarchy, oligarchy, tyranny, and democracy. ## Footnote Each polis had different forms of government throughout history.
42
Define oligarchy in the context of Greek poleis.
A form of government where power was in the hands of a few aristocrats or landowners. ## Footnote Example: Corinth in the 7th century BCE.
43
What characterizes tyranny in Greek poleis?
Power was taken by force, often supported by a military elite or foreign power. ## Footnote Tyranny was often temporary and not a stable form of government.
44
Describe monarchy as a form of government in Greek poleis.
Power was hereditary and held by a monarch controlling religious and military affairs. ## Footnote Supported by a landowning aristocracy, an example is Macedonia.
45
What is democracy in the context of Greek poleis?
A system where power was in the hands of citizens who met in assembly to elect leaders and vote on laws. ## Footnote This form of government was a significant development in ancient Greece.
46
Fill in the blank: A polis was politically fragmented into _______.
[independent city-states]
47
True or False: All poleis in ancient Greece had the same form of government.
False. ## Footnote Different poleis exhibited various forms of government throughout their histories.
48
What activities took place in the agora?
Selling and buying goods, honoring the gods, and socializing. ## Footnote The agora was a bustling center of daily life in the polis.
49
List the main agricultural products of ancient Greek poleis.
* Wheat * Barley * Vineyards * Olives ## Footnote Agriculture was a primary source of livelihood for most Greeks.
50
What was the role of the agora in the economic activities of a polis?
It served as the marketplace for trade and social interaction. ## Footnote Goods were bought and sold in the agora, making it essential for the economy.
51
What is a key difference between the acropolis and the agora?
The acropolis was primarily for religious and defense purposes, while the agora was for public life and commerce. ## Footnote This distinction highlights the social and political organization of poleis.
52
Why did the Greeks migrate?
Greeks migrated for several reasons: * Peasants looking for land * Citizens unable to pay debts * People fleeing tyrannical governments * Merchants wanting to expand markets * Sailors seeking adventure ## Footnote Migration was facilitated by Greek governments due to its economic advantages.
53
What role did the sea play in Greek migration?
The sea served as a means of transport, communication, and trade, making it easier for Greeks to migrate to distant lands.
54
What were the main areas of Greek colonisation?
The main areas of Greek colonisation included: * Southern Italy * Sicily (Magna Graecia) * Iberian Peninsula * Coastal areas of the Black Sea
55
What type of ships did Greek colonists use?
Colonists used merchant ships that were: * 13 to 15 m long * Had a single mast with a square sail * Had large hulls for cargo storage * Flat-bottomed for easy beaching
56
What did Greek colonies maintain with their metropolises?
Greek colonies maintained commercial and cultural links with their metropolises.
57
What factors influenced the Greeks' choice of colonisation sites?
The Greeks chose sites that were: * Accessible by sea * Easy to defend (islands, coasts, promontories, hills) * Had a water source * Located on fertile land
58
What industries did Greek colonists engage in?
Greek colonists primarily worked in: * Farming * Fishing * Trading with local peoples and their metropolises
59
What is the difference between a colony and a metropolis?
A colony is an independent settlement founded by Greeks, while a metropolis is the home city from which the colonists originated.
60
What did many colonies create for economic purposes?
Many colonies created their own currency.
61
Fill in the blank: The Greeks faced _______ of farmland, prompting them to migrate.
scarcity
62
True or False: The Greeks primarily settled in areas that were difficult to defend.
False
63
What advantages did migration have for the polis of origin?
Migration helped reduce unemployment and provided income through the construction of boats.
64
What was the Phocaeans' reason for migrating?
The Phocaeans migrated due to the scarcity of farmland, leading them to pursue fishing, trading, and piracy.
65
Do today's migrants share similar reasons for migrating as the ancient Greeks? Explain.
This is subjective and may vary based on individual perspectives.

GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 8 (1 decks)

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