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2019 MS Alexis Iaconis COPY > Greece > Flashcards

Greece Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary grape of “Blood of Hercules?”

A

Agioritiko

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2
Q

What is the OPE appellation of Rhodes?

A

Muscat of Rhodes

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3
Q

Which Greek grape is known for ripening in July?

A

Liatiko

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4
Q

Name two PDOs of Greece that can use the Grand Cru moniker?

A

Muscat of Rio Patras
Muscat of Patras
Muscat of Cephalonia
Dafnes

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5
Q

Where is Paros?

A

Cyclades Islands in the Aegean Sea

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6
Q

The terms “Reserve,” or “Grande Reserve/Specially Selected,” refer to what in Greece?

A

For reserve wines, for
whites: 1 year of aging with 6 in oak, and
reds 2 years aging with 1 in oak.

For Grand Reserve/Specially selected:
whites 2 years with 1 in oak, and
reds 4 years with 18 in oak and 18 in bottle (similar to Taurasi rules)

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7
Q

What is the maid grape of Amynteo?

A

Xinomavro

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8
Q

What is the main grape of Naoussa?

A

Xinomavro

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9
Q

What is the main grape of Namea?

A

Agioritiko

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10
Q

What is the blend of Mantinia?

A

85% Moschofilero plus Asproudes.

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11
Q

What impacted the Greek wine industry in the 11th century?

A

The Venetians received favorable trading status and sold imported wines cheaply. Wine industry went downhill after that and was able to recover a bit during the phylloxera crisis in Europe. Raisins were the #1 crop at the time and the Greeks started making wine from raisins.

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12
Q

What are two PDOs of Greece that aren’t dedicated to indigenous varieties?

A

Messinikola and Slopes of Meliton

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13
Q

What are the two traditional wine appellations of Greece?

A

Verdea from the island of Zakynthos

Retsina

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14
Q

What are the four regions that make up northern Greece?

A

Thrace, Macedonia, Thessaly and Epirus.

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15
Q

What are the grapes that are grown in Thrace?

A

Mavroudi (which is the same as Mavrud in nearby Bulgaria) and Limnio

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16
Q

What is the climate in Thrace?

A

The Rodopi mountains block cool air, Mediterranean climate, this region is on the Aegean Sea.

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17
Q

Describe the terroir of Thessaly

A

This region is below Macedonia and next to Epirus in northern Greece. It is a large, fertile plain surrounded by the Pindos Mountains. Mount Olympus is here.

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18
Q

What are the PDOs of Thessaly?

A

Rapsani PDO- xinomavro
Anchialos PDO- Roditis and Savatiano
Messenikola PDO- International varieties

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19
Q

What is the major grape of the Rapsani PDO?

A

Xinomavro. This is the only PDO outside of Madedonia that features the grape.

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20
Q

What is the climate for Macedonia?

A

Mediterranean with a continental influence.

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21
Q

Describe the PDOs of Naoussa and Amynteo?

A

Both are in Madeconia. Both are high elevation. Amynteo is a ligh plateau, several lakes here. It is a moderate continental climate with limestone, loam, sand soils. Never been phylloxera here. THe wines that are produced are dry reds, rose and sparkling rose from Xinimavro. Naoussa is higher elevation that Amynteo along the slopes of Mount Vermion. The soils are clay and limestone. It is also warmer here. Xinamovro based dry and sweet reds.

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22
Q

Where would you find Mount Vermion?

A

In Madedonia, specifically in Naoussa PDO

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23
Q

Where are the Vermion, Vitsi and Voros Mountains?

A

In Macedonia, specifically in Amynteo.

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24
Q

Where is Mount Paiko?

A

This is in Goumenissa PDO in Macedonia

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25
Q

What is the main grape of Goumenissa PDO?

A

This is one of four PDOs in Macedonia, and one of three that focus on the Xinomavro grape. You can blend in up to 20% Negoska.

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26
Q

What is the elevation of Goumenissa PDO?

A

Like the rest of Macedonia, this is a mountainous, high elevation region. There are deep clay soils here and the elevation is 490-900 feet.

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27
Q

What grapes are permitted in Slopes of Meliton PDO?

A

This is the first PDO to allow international grape varieties. Dry reds are from Limnio with CAbernet and Cabernet Franc, and Dry whites from Assyrtiko, Athiri and Roditis.

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28
Q

What is Siatista PGI?

A

This is a traditional sweet wine from dried Xinomavro and Moschomavra grapes.

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29
Q

What is the climate of Epirus and what affects it?

A

The climate is continental This is the most remote and mountainous region of Greece. The region is on the windward side of the Pindos mountains and it gets a lot of winds from the Ionian on the steep mountains slopes.

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30
Q

What is the sole PDO of Epirus?

A

Zitsa, from Debina grapes for dry, sparkling, and semi-sparkling wines.

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31
Q

Which set of islands are farther west, the Ionian or Cyclades?

A

Ionian

Cyclades are in the Aegean closer to China

32
Q

How does the western and eastern portions of the Peloponnese differ in climate?

A

The western side is more rainy and it is more arid in the east because of the protection from the mountain range down the center of the country.

33
Q

How is the region of Namea divided?

A

It is divided into three districts based on elevation. The elevation range is 200-850me.

34
Q

What is the soil type in Namea?

A

Limestone

35
Q

Which is the most continental region of the Peloponnese?

A

Mantinia PDO is in the center of the Peloponnese. It does touch the Argolikos Gulf. It is the coolest, most continental part of the region. It is rocky with light red iron soils. It is a plateau that is 750 meters surrounded by mountains.

36
Q

What is the permitted blend of Mantinia PDO?

A

This is in the Peloponnese region, 85% Moschofilero and Asproudes.

37
Q

What are the islands that make up the Ionian islands?

A

Zakynthos
Lefkada
Corfu
Cephalonia

38
Q

What are the three PDOs of Cephalonia?

A

Robola of Cephalonia
Muscat of Cephalonia
Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia.

39
Q

Patras PDO is for what style of wine from which grapes?

A

Dry whites from 100% Roditis

40
Q

Which islands make up the Cyclades?

A

Santorini

Paros

41
Q

Which wind is key to the Cyclades?

A

The Meltemi wind is key to moderating ripeness. It stalls the photosynthesis.

42
Q

What are the three PDOs of Macedonia?

A

Amynteo
Naoussa
Goumenissa
Slopes of Meliton

43
Q

Describe the PDO of Amynteo (Amindeo)

A

+Region: Macedonia
+Climate: one of the most continental in Greece, temperate summers and cold, rainy winters.
+Soils: sandy alluvial
+Elevation: High. Vineyards sit on a mountain plateau up to 700m
+Major grapes: Xinomavro, Roditis, Malagousia, Sav Blanc, Tannant
+Geography: Vermion, Vitsi and Voras Mountains surround Amynteo and protect the vineyards from maritime influences and cold winds from the north. Several lakes around Amynteo provide cooling as well.
+Styles: Dry Red, Dry Rose, sparkling and semi sweet sparkling and rose sparkling.

44
Q

What was the first official wine region of Greece?

A

Naossa in 1971

45
Q

Describe the PDO of Naoussa

A

+Climate: continental, heavily influenced by the mountains. The Fohn winds draw damp air from the Aegean. This is in Macedonia
+Elevation: 330m
+Soil: Limestone, clay, loam, there is no dominant type
+Geography: Mountain foothills, 30 miles from the coastline. Mt. Vermion. Best vineyards are southeast facing slopes. It is south of Amynteo. There is also the Plain of Kambania.
+Wine styles: Dry red, semi-dry red, semi-sweet red.
+Grapes: Xinomavro
+Producers: Boutari, Chateau Pegasus, Dalmara
+Aging: standard for Reserve and Grande Reserve wines from Greece.

46
Q

What are the standard aging terms for Reserve and Grande Reserve wines in Greece?

A

Reserve whites: 1 year aging 6 months barrel
Reserve Reds: 2 years aging 12 months barrel
Grande Reserve whites: 2 years 1 in barrel
Grand Reserve reds: 4 years, 18 in barrel, 18 in bottle

47
Q

Where is Goumenissa PDO and what wine style is produced there?

A

This is one of 4 PDOs in Macedonia. Dry reds here from 80% Xinomavro with max 20% Negoska added.

48
Q

Describe the PDO of Goumenissa

A

+Climate: Maritime influence from the Aegean. Warmer and drier than Naoussa. Low rainfall here.
+Elevation: 150-250 meters
+Soil: high limestone content
+Geography: Southeast facing slopes. Pindos Mountains
+Wine style: Dry Reds
+Grapes: 80% Xinomavro, 20% Negoska
+Aging: standard Greek Reserve and Grande Reserve
+Producers: Boutari, Tatsis

49
Q

Name three PDOs that focus on the Xinomavro grape

A

Goumenissa
Naossa
Amynteo
Rapsani (only PDO outside of Macedonia)

50
Q

Describe the Slopes of Meliton PDO

A

One of 4 PDOs in Macedonia
+Climate: Mediterranean influenced by sea breezes
+Elevation: 100-350 meters, some up to 800meters
+Geography: Located on Sithonia Peninsula. Vineyards planted on terraces. Mount Meliton.
+Wine styles: Dry reds and whites, generally blends
+Grapes: Assyrtiko, Roditis, Athiri, Cabernet, Cab Franc, Limnio, Malagousia
+Producers: Domaine Porto Carras
+Notes: Emile Peynaud supervised plantings
+Trellising: Goblet

51
Q

Describe the region of Thrace

A

In the north east corner of Greece on the border of Bulgaria. No PDOs here. The climate is humid and warm, with high rainfall. Mediterranean. The Rodopi Mountains protect against northern winds. The Bulgarian grape Mavrud is grown here.

52
Q

What is the most important PDO of Thessaly?

A

Rapsani, the other two are Anchialos and Messenikola

53
Q

Describe the PDO of Rapsani

A

+Climate: Mountain winds ensure cool climatic conditions to this otherwise Mediterranean climate.
+Geography: Right on the coast of Thessaly. On the lower slopes of Mount Olympus with a mountainous terroir. Very sunny. Long harvest due to elevation ranges of vineyards.
+Elevation: 150-750 meters
+Soil: Iron rich schist soils that are well drained and rocky
+Wine styles: Dry red only
+Pruning: Goblet
+Producers: Tsantali, this producers regenerated this region in the 1990s.

54
Q

Describe the PDO of Achialos

A

+Climate: Mediterranean
+Geography: Coastal in Thessaly, south of Rapsani. On the Pagasitikos Gulf.
+Elevation: One of Greece’s lowest elevations. No higher than 200 meters anywhere.
+Styles: Dry, semi-dry to semi-sweet whites
+Grapes: Roditis min 80% and Savvatiano max 20%
+Trellising: Goblet, this is mandated to prevent over production
+Notes: Bulgarian refugees in early 20th century planted grapes here first.

55
Q

Describe the PDO of Messenikola

A

One of three in Thessaly
+Climate: Mild Mediterranean, there is altitude here and proximity to a lake to keep cool. More inland than Achialos and Rapsani
+Geography: Lake Plastira. Exposed slopes to easterly winds
+Elevation: up to 700 meters
+Soil: light gravel with some clay
+Styles: dry reds
+Grapes: 70% Mavro Messenikola and max 30% Syrah and Carignan
+Trellising: Head trained or Cordon Royat, syrah must be double Guyot
+Notes: This is one of two regions that mandates international grapes.

56
Q

Describe the PDO of Zitsa

A

Sole PDO of Epirus, on the western side of Greece.
+Climate: Continental climate, high altitude, very cool. 30 miles from the coast.
+Elevation: 700 meters
+Geography: Pindos Mountains, highest rainfall level. Sunny, south-east facing slopes
+Soils: Free draining limestone soils. Large diurnal swings.
+Styles: Dry, semi-sparkling and sparkling
+Grapes: Debina
+ Trellising: cordon and some goblet
+Aging: standard Greek Reserve and Grand Reserve
+Producers: Domain Glinavos

57
Q

Describe the Island PDO of Cephalonia

A

+Geography: Off the coast of Central Greece and Peloponnese in the Ionian Sea. Vineyards are on the western slopes of Mount Enos. Very mountainous.
+Climate: Mediterranean, cooler at high altitudes
+Elevation: 800 meters is the highest vineyards but the region goes to 1600m
+Styles: Dry white, VDL Red and White, sun dried
+Grapes: Robola, Mavrodaphne (at lower altitudes), Muscat
+Trellising: Low trunk, goblet is mandated
+Soils: poor calcareous soils, limestone.
+Notes: Phylloxera appeared here in 1988.
+PDOs here are Robola of Cephalonia, Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia, Muscat of Cephalonia.

58
Q

Describe Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO

A

This is specifically for wines made in a VDL style fortified during fermentation. Red sweet wines.

59
Q

What grape is Muscat of Cephalonia made from?

A

100% Moscato Aspro, made into VDN, VDL or sun dried - same as Muscat of Patras, Muscat of Rio Patras and Samos.

60
Q

Which sweet wine PDO uses Muscat of Alexandria and not Muscat a Petite Grains (Moschato Aspro)?

A

Muscat of Limnos

61
Q

Describe the PDO of Patras

A

+Geography: Northernmost PDO of the Peloponnese. Coastal plains to high altitude.
+Climate: Temperate climate, Mediterranean, ravines and rivulets help moderate the region.
+Elevation: 450-500 meters
+Soil: varied soils due to elevation ranges
+Styles: fortified red (Mavrodaphne), sweet whites (Muscat), and dry whites (Roditis)
+PDOS of Patras: Muscat of Patras, Muscat of Rio Patras, Mavrodaphne of Patras, Patras

62
Q

What style of wine is Mavrodaphne of Patras?

A

This is a VDL red. It is the most famous wine of Greece. The fortification techniques were learned in the Douro. There are very strict aging terms (minimum 1 year and many more tiers). It is a sweet red made from either dried or not dried grapes. It is Mavrodaphne plus up to 49% Mavri Korinthiaki.

63
Q

What style and grape is used in Patras PDO?

A

100% Roditis, dry, semi-dry, and semi-sweet wines.

64
Q

What are the aging requirements for Mavrodaphne of Patras?

A

Minimum is 1 year in barrel of 1,000 liters or less.
Reserve: Min 3 years- 2 in cask, 1 bottle
Vieille Reserve: 5 years, 2 in cask and 2 in bottle
Grand Reserve: 7 years with 3 in oak and 3 in bottle

Non-vintage wines must age 3 years after the final blend.

65
Q

What style of wine is produced in Monemvassia-Malvasia?

A

Fortified and naturally sweet white from 51% Monemvassia plus Assyrtiko, Asprouds and Kydonitsa. This region was a medival port, this has been a popular wine since then. This region is on the far southern end of the Peloponnese.

66
Q

Describe the PDO of Mantiani

A

+Geography:Mantinia is a PDO on the Pelopponnese right below +Namea. It is semi-mountainous plateau that blocks coastal influence.
+Climate: Cool continental
+Elevation: High, 650-700 meters
+Soil: clay, rocky and nutrient poor. Sandy loam.
+Styles: Dry white, sparkling white
+Grapes: 85% Moschofilero plus Asproudes
+Trellising: lots of old vineyards, densely planted goblet. This is an incredible dry area so organic viticulture is possible here.

67
Q

What is the largest production PDO of Greece?

A

Namea

68
Q

Describe the PDO of Namea

A

+Geography: On the eastern side of the Peloponnese in the northeastern corner closer to the Ismuth of Corinth. Influence from the Mediterranean. Mt. Kyllini, Asopos River are here.
+Elevation: the area is dividing into three elevations: Flatlands 250-350, semi-mountains 350-600, and mountain 600-800.
+Styles: Dry to sweet reds
+ Grapes: Agiorgitiko
+Producers: Skouras, Gaia, Boutari
Notes: 40 wineries here, harvests are later in October at the higher elevations.

69
Q

Describe the terroir of Crete

A

The climate is hot and dry with only 2 inches of rain during the season. The vineyards are affected by the sea winds. Most of the vineyards are on the eastern section of the island, on the northern side. There is high altitudes here. The mountains (Lefkai, Ori, Idi and Dickly ranges) protect the vineyards from the hot African winds from the south. The soils are clay and limestone. The elevation is spread between lowland plains and 1,100 meters.

70
Q

Major grapes of Crete

A

Vilana, Kotsifali, Liatiko, Mandilaria, Thrapsathiri

71
Q

What are the PDOs of Crete?

A

Peza
Archanes
Dafnes
Sitia

72
Q

Peza is a PDO on Crete- what does this area produce?

A

Dry white and red wines from 100% Vilana for whites and a blend of Kotsifali and Mandilaria for reds.

73
Q

Archanes on Crete produces which style of wine?

A

Red - Pale red wines from Kotsifali and Mandilaria. Kotsifali is an aromatic red that lacks color and body. Mandilaria adds body and structure. Archanes and Peza are the only appellations that use this grape.

74
Q

Which PDOs of Crete can produce sweet wine?

A

Dafnes- sweet and dry reds from Liatiko

Sitia- dry and sweet reds and whites from Liatiko & Mandilaria, and Vilana and Thrapsathiri.

75
Q

Describe the PDO of Paros

A

This is an island in the Aegean
+Climate: strong summer winds (Meltami)
+Geography: Mt. Profitiselias
+Elevation: Flat Island, Mandilaria is planted near the coast and Malvasia higher up.
+Soils: No phylloxera, rich calcareous sandy clay soil.
+Trellising: Bush vines, many are own rooted. They grow horizontally with shoots growing vertically from the old wood creating a floor covering known as “aplotaries”
+Styles: Dry white, dry red
+Grapes: 100% Monemvassia for whites and Cofermentation of 35% Mandilaria and Monemvassia for reds.

76
Q

What is the sweet wine PDO of Paros?

A

Malvasia Paros: fortified wine from sun dried grapes. 85% Monemvassia, 15% Assyrtiko.
24 months aging in an oxidative environment.
320 g/l after drying.

2019 MS Alexis Iaconis COPY (48 decks)

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