Greek

Question 1

Hesiod

Answer 1

750 bc
First “personality” unlike more objective Homer
Theogony
Works and Days
Dike: Justice
Zeus ‘might’ be interested in justice
Pandora
Idea of time where everything was good… but pandora opened her box. Acc women w/ bad
Areté by reciprocity
Ages of man

Question 2

Homer

Answer 2

800 bc
Iliad, Odyssey
Aristeia, Nostros
Distillation of culture, cultural touchstone

Question 3

Archilochos

Answer 3

Mid 600s
one of first lyric poetry examples we have
Very much undercutting homeric idea of success
Life = success over honor
Don’t vaunt, and don’t get too depressed
IDEA OF MODERATION

Question 4

Dorian

Answer 4

Dorian invasion, 11th to 10th century
Many of the distinctions in culture and history was interpreted as because of this Dorian invasion

Question 5

Olympia

Answer 5

Games started: 776BC
Agon = Struggle
Greeks believed that struggle was good

Question 6

Plutarch

Answer 6

c.50-120 AD
A preserver/repository of lost knowledge

Question 7

“Hoplite”

Answer 7

c. 650
Hoplon (Shield of the hoplite, center of hoplite)
Heavy curved shield made of wood and bronze that you can rest on your shoulder
Panoply (all of the tools of a hoplite)
Bronze helm, Breastplate, Greeves
7 - 8 foot spear w/foot long blade
Phalanx
Formation of hoplites
Othismos
“The pushing” where two phalanxes smash into each other
Tropaion “Trophy”
The spot where the phalanx broke by someone turning
Meant you controlled the battlefield and the dead bodies
Other side asking for dead = side lost
After war
Short, highly formulaic battles with relatively low casualty rate(10%)

Question 8

“Tyrannos”

Answer 8

Tyranny After 650 bc

Question 9

Kleisthenes

Answer 9

of Sikyon c.590
Famous due to leading the successful defense of delphi （sacred war)
Megacles and Hippocleides, drunken dancing, proverb

Question 10

Peisistratos

Answer 10

561-527
Tyrant of Athens
Panathenaia / panathenaic games
Attempt at producing a definitive version of the Homeric epics.
unification of Attica
example of populism & land redistribution

Question 11

Thales

Answer 11

of Miletus fl. c. 585
Sage most associated with science
eclipse - astronomy, pyramid height - geometry

Question 12

Solon

Answer 12

fl. c. 594
3 reforms:
- Codification
- Seisachtheia
- Zeugitai & offices
- Marriage laws
Actually didn’t manage to please anyone, was too moderate, only gave what laws people would accept

Question 13

Theognis

Answer 13

c.550
Erastes (love doer), Eromenos
Wrote love poetry to a young man (Kyrnos)
Bitter hater of the poor

Question 14

Alcaeus

Answer 14

c.625-580
Lesbos
War against Piticus
Used poetry to attack Piticus’ character by comparing him to the poor
Example of the relation between poor and bad qualities developing in Greece
Stasis
Civil war in polis

Question 15

Sappho

Answer 15

c. 630-570
First and most significant female poet / influencer in the greek world
Lesbian songs / poems, highlights person aspect of lyric poetry

Question 16

Alcman

Answer 16

c.600
Worked in Sparta
Parthenaia
Maiden songs
Wrote songs about girls

Question 17

Minoan age

Answer 17

2000-12th

Question 18

Mycenaean

Answer 18

17th - 12th

Question 19

Alphabet & archaic age

Answer 19

8th century
Phoenician (Levaunt)

Question 20

Tyrtaios

Answer 20

c. 650
General in war to conquer Messenia and poet
Works = one of the earliest lyric
More manual than art, gory

Question 21

Lycurgus(+ reforms +govt)

Answer 21

~8th century
Homoioi
Gerousia
Ephors
2 kings
(prevent tyranny)

Money, womens rights, agoge(Paidonomos), Phiditia, Krypteia

Question 22

Thales

Answer 22

585 Miletos
Arche: “Beginning” The beginning of something that gives things their nature
Thales believed the Arche of everything is water

Question 23

Anaximander

Answer 23

575 Miletos
Arche: Apeiron: “the Boundless” something with no limits. Believed that the the fundamental nature of everything has to be something which isn’t as limited as pure water, air, and stuff

Question 24

Anaximenes

Answer 24

550 Miletos
Arche: Air

Question 25

Xenophanes

Answer 25

520 Ionian Clouds(rain cycle + meteorlogical & astronomical) The One(omnipotent creator deity, unchanging) humans creating gods in their image

Question 26

Heraclitus

Answer 26

500 ionian Reason & rational universe Pantarei: Everchanging world Soul, first to discuss it, "It is difficult to fight passion, for whatever it wishes it buys at the price of [a] soul

Question 27

Pythagoras

Answer 27

530 Italian Numbers = root of all existance

Question 28

Parmenides

Answer 28

475 Kouros: poem about logic being the only way to understand world Certain & uncertain knowledge Earth is a sphere, moon light reflection

Question 29

Zeno

Answer 29

450 Skepticism on perception Paradoxes

Question 30

Demokritos

Answer 30

450 ATOM Void in areas w/o atom

Question 31

Anaxagoras

Answer 31

440 Noos(the mind as an indivisible thing) Mixing(all creation is made of a mix of parts, which exibit the traits of the most present)

Question 32

Cyrus the Great

Answer 32

(559-29) Babylon 539 (jews) Lydia 546 (Croesus)

Question 33

Ionian Revolt

Answer 33

(499-494)

Question 34

Xerxes

Answer 34

486-465 Thermopylae 480 Salamis 480

Question 35

Athens to an Athenian

Answer 35

Theseus: Remedial hero Supplicants Dorian assimilation Silver mines(dishonourable!) Aggressive foreign policy Spartans??

Question 36

Demokratia

Answer 36

507 Cleisthenes

Question 37

Cleisthenes

Answer 37

fl 507 Democracy Council of 500 Generals Ostracism - Ostraka

Question 38

Aeschylus Oresteia

Answer 38

458 Aeropogus council propaganda

Question 39

Kimon (before and after ostricism)

Answer 39

510-450 Connected greece to Athenian isolationism Tyranny → Aristocracy → Democracy Arch imperialist General all the time Generous with OWN money Libralized athens Peace or 451 Cyprus 450(ded) "Ajax" - passing away of a very different type of athenian

Question 40

Miltiades

Answer 40

d.489 Tyrant & associates Persians General (Marathon) Failure & charge

Question 41

Pindar

Answer 41

c.518-438 Victory odes tied to myth

Question 42

The Peloponnesian War

Answer 42

431-404 Sparta vs Athens Cold war/Stasis brutality Plague 430 Corcyra 427 Melos / Melian Dialogue 416 “Pleonexia” Sicilian Expedition 415 - 413

Question 43

Athenian Empire

Answer 43

c. 470 - 404 Tributes & conquerers Delian Attic League 477

Question 44

Pericles

Answer 44

C. 500-429 Funeral Oration 431/430

Question 45

Oligarchic Revolution

Answer 45

411 400 (extremist) 5000 (moderate, shift to demo) 30(extremist propped up by spartans)

Question 46

Parthenon

Answer 46

447-438 Propylaia Athena Parthenos Phedias Chryselephantine Pediment Frieze Relief Metopes Triglyph

Question 47

City Dionysia

Answer 47

Pompe Theater of dionysus - Evolution of tragedy: Thespis Skene Satyr plays Choregos 3 great tragedians

Question 48

Aristotle

Answer 48

384-322

Question 49

Alexander

Answer 49

336-323 Granicus R. 334 Gordion 334/3 Issus 333 Alexandria 331 Gaugamela 331 Roxana 327 Clitus d.327 India 326 Babylon 323

Question 50

Darios III

Answer 50

335-330

Question 51

Plato

Answer 51

428-348

Question 52

Phillip II

Answer 52

359 - 336

Question 53

Theban Hegemony

Answer 53

371-362 Leuctra 371

Question 54

Second Athenian League

Answer 54

378

Question 55

Spartan hegemony

Answer 55

404-371

Question 56

Sophocles

Answer 56

f. 468

Question 57

Euripides

Answer 57

(440s)

Question 58

Aeschylusc

Answer 58

Aes`chylus f. 472

Question 59

Athenian Empire

Answer 59

470 - 404