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Greek Flashcards

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1
Q

Jupiter

A

Roman name for Zeus; ruler of the gods; god of the skies; lightning

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2
Q

Juno

A

Roman name for Hera; queen of the gods; goddess of marriage; peacock

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3
Q

Neptune

A

Roman name for Poseidon; god of the sea and horses; trident

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4
Q

Pluto

A

Roman name for Hades; god of the Underworld, wealth, and riches; two-pronged trident

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5
Q

Ceres

A

Roman name for Demeter; goddess of grain and agriculture; wheat, cornucopia

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6
Q

Diana

A

Roman name for Artemis; goddess of the moon and the hunt; eternal maiden; silver, bow and arrow

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7
Q

Apollo

A

god of the sun, music, poetry, prophecy, and medicine; lyre, bow and arrow

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8
Q

Bacchus

A

Roman name for Dionysus; god of wine, parties, and ecstasy; grapes, thyrsus

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9
Q

Vesta

A

Roman name for Hestia; goddess of the hearth; eternal maiden; hearth and it’s fire

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10
Q

Venus

A

Roman name for Aphrodite; goddess of love, fertility, and beauty; mother of Eros; dolphin, rose, love

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11
Q

Mars

A

Roman name for Ares; god of war, the spirit of battle; sword, chariot, boar

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12
Q

Minerva

A

Roman name for Athena; goddess of wisdom and strategic war; creator of the olive tree; eternal maiden; owl, olive tree

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13
Q

Mercury

A

Roman name for Hermes; god of travel, thievery, merchants; messenger for the gods; caduceus, petasos

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14
Q

Vulcan

A

Roman name for Hephaestus; god of fire, the forge and smiths; hammer, anvil

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15
Q

Janus

A

Roman god of good beginnings, doorways; often depicted with two faces

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16
Q

Terra

A

Roman name for Gaia/Gaea; Mother Earth as a goddess; wife of Uranus; mother of Kronos and the Titans and Giants; earth, trees, fruits

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17
Q

Mors

A

Roman name for Thanatos; god of death; son of Nyx; brother of Hypnos; inverted torch, poppy, butterfly, theta

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18
Q

Nox

A

Roman name for Nyx; female personification of night; mother of the primordial powers of sleep death, the Fates, Nemesis, and old age; daughter of Chaos; egg, moon, owl

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19
Q

Saturn

A

Roman name for Kronos; Titan god of time; king of the Titans; connected to agriculture; son of Uranus and Gaea; brother and husband of Rhea; sickle, scythe, snake

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20
Q

Cupid

A

Roman name for Eros; god of love; son of Aphrodite; bow, arrows, torch, wings

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21
Q

Somnus

A

Roman name for Hypnos; god of sleep; son of Nyx; brother of Thanatos; poppy, River Lethe

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22
Q

Invidia

A

Roman name for Nemesis; goddess of retribution and revenge; daughter of Nyx; lash, dagger, scales

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23
Q

Sol

A

Roman name for Helios; former god of the sun; drove a chariot from East to West; sun, chariot

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24
Q

Luna

A

Roman name for Selene; personification of the moon as a goddess; sister of Helios and Eos; crescent, torch, bull

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25
Q

Styx

A

A river in the Underworld; sworn to as the most binding oath; Achilles dipped in this river to become invulnerable

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26
Q

Nefas

A

Roman name for Ate; goddess of mischief, delusion, ruin, and blind folly; daughter of Eris and Zeus

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27
Q

Victoria

A

Roman name for Nike; goddess of victory; daughter of Pallas and the goddess Styx; golden sandals, wreaths, wings

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28
Q

Discordia

A

Roman name for Eris; goddess of strife and discord; lives in Erebus; golden apple of discord

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29
Q

Somnia

A

Roman name for Morpheus; god of sleep and dreams; son of Hypnos

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30
Q

Fortuna

A

Roman name for Tyche; goddess of fortune and prosperity; daughter of Aphrodite; rudder, cornucopia

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31
Q

Charon

A

Ferryman of the Underworld; carries souls of newly deceased across the River Styx; son of Nyx; skiff

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32
Q

Chiron

A

Wisest and justest of the centaurs; great teacher of Greece; well versed in the art of medicine; taught Achilles

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33
Q

Trivia

A

Roman name for Hecate; goddess of witchcraft, ghosts, boundaries, and crossroads; mother of Circe; paired torches, keys, dogs, stropholos

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34
Q

Proserpina

A

Roman name for Persephone; goddess of spring; formerly named Kore; queen of the Underworld; daughter of Demeter and Zeus; pomegranate, flowers

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35
Q

Auster

A

Roman name for Notus; god of the South wind; destroyer of crops

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36
Q

Aquilo

A

Roman name for Boreas; god of the North wind; bringer of winter

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37
Q

Vulturnus

A

Roman name for Eurus; god of the East wind; “Savior of Sparta”

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38
Q

Favionus

A

Roman name for Zephyrus; god of the West wind; messenger of spring

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39
Q

Chione

A

Roman name for Khione; goddess of snow; daughter of Boreas

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40
Q

Arcus

A

Roman name for Iris; goddess of the rainbow; messenger of the gods; rainbow, caduceus, pitcher

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41
Q

Hercules

A

Roman name for Heracles; greatest of the Greek heroes; son of Zeus; 12 labors; club, lion skin

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42
Q

Faunus

A

Roman name for Pan; god of the wild; companion of the nymphs; pan flute, goat

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43
Q

Aesculapius

A

Roman name for Asclepius; god of medicine; son of Apollo; serpent-entwined staff

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44
Q

Juventas

A

Roman name for Hebe; goddess of youth and the prime of life; daughter of Zeus and Hera; wine-cup, eagle, ivy

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45
Q

Achilles

A

The hero of the Trojan War; central character of Homer’s “Iliad”; son of Thetis and Peleus; greatest if all the Greek warriors; slayed Trojan prince Hector; killed by Paris/Apollo

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46
Q

Daedalus

A

Creator of the Labyrinth; father of Icarus; symbol of wisdom, knowledge, and power

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47
Q

Hector

A

Trojan prince; greatest fighter for Troy in the Trojan War; mistakenly killed Patroclus; killed by Achilles

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48
Q

Icarus

A

Son of Daedalus; flew too close to the son, melting the wax in his wings

49
Q

Ulysses

A

Roman name for Odysseus; king of Ithaca; hero in Homer’s epic “The Odyssey”; husband of Penelope; father of Telemachus; blinded Polyphemus; went to Ogygia

50
Q

Jason

A

Captain of the Argonauts; was on the quest for the Golden Fleece; husband of Medea; great-grandson of Hermes

51
Q

Orpheus

A

Musician, prophet, and poet; traveled with the Argonauts; went to the Underworld to recover his lost wife; married to Eurydice; son of Calliope; lyre

52
Q

Perseus

A

Son of Zeus; slayer of Medusa; saved Andromeda; married to Andromeda; Medusa’s head

53
Q

Andromeda

A

Wife of Perseus; princess of Aethiopia; saved by Perseus from the sea monster Cetus; married to Perseus

54
Q

Arachne

A

Protagonist in the Ovid; challenged Athena to a weaving contest; transformed into a spider by Athena

55
Q

Cassandra

A

Cursed by Apollo to utter true prophecies, but never to be believed; sister of Hector

56
Q

Helen of Troy

A

Said to have been the most beautiful woman in the world; daughter of Zeus; seduced by Paris, thus starting the Trojan War

57
Q

Medusa

A

Cursed by Athena; Gordon; her name means guardian or protectress; those who gazed into her eyes would turn to stone; beheaded by Perseus; mother of Pegasus

58
Q

Pandora

A

First woman created by Hephaestus on the instructions of Zeus; released all the evils of humanity but only hope was left (Pandora’s Box [jar called a pithos]); created as a punishment for Prometheus’ actions

59
Q

Penelope

A

Wife of Odysseus; queen of Ithaca; mother of Telemachus

60
Q

Midas

A

Turned everything he touched into gold; king of Phrygia; Midas touch; greedy king

61
Q

Minos

A

King of Crete; son of Zeus and Europa; every nine years he made King Aegeus pick seven young boys and seven girls to be sent into the labyrinth to be eaten by the Minotaur; became a judge of the dead in the Underworld when he died

62
Q

Calypso

A

A nymph who lived on the island of Phrygia; detained Odysseus for seven years; daughter of the Titan Atlas or Oceanus (unclear)

63
Q

Sisyphus

A

King of Ephyra; punished for cheating death twice by pushing a boulder up a hill in Tartarus and upon reaching the top, it would roll to the bottom and he’d have to start over again

64
Q

Tantalus

A

Punished in Tartarus; made to stand in a pool of water beneath a fruit tree and the fruit would always elude his grasp and the water would always recede before eh could take a drink; son of Zeus

65
Q

Prometheus

A

Titan god of fire; stole fire from Olympus and gave it to humanity; punished by Zeus; bound to a rock and an eagle ate his liver every day; freed by Heracles; son of Iapetus

66
Q

Lucina

A

Roman name for Eileithyia; goddess of childbirth and midwifery; daughter of Zeus and Hera; torch

67
Q

Libera

A

Roman name for Ariadne; Cretan princess; associated with mazes and labyrinths; helped Theseus escape the Minotaur; daughter of Minos

68
Q

Circe

A

Goddess of sorcery; daughter of Helios or Hecate; turned Odysseus’ army into swine

69
Q

Patroclus

A

Companion or lover of Achilles; son of Menoetius; wore Achilles’ armor and led the Myrmidons to battle; slain by Hector

70
Q

Atlas

A

Titan god condemned to hold the heavens for eternity after the Titanomachy; son of Iapetus

71
Q

Telemachus

A

Son of Odysseus and Penelope; follows his father’s path searching; slaughters Penelope’s suitors with Odysseus

72
Q

Polyphemus

A

Cyclops blinded by Odysseus under the guise of ‘Nobody’; son of Poseidon

73
Q

Theseus

A

Founder-hero of Athens; slayer of the Minotaur

74
Q

Chaos

A

Void state preceding the creation of the universe; first thing to exist; nothingness from which all of existence sprang

75
Q

Caelus

A

Roman name for Uranus; primordial god of the sky and heavens; fathered the Titans

76
Q

Scotus

A

roman name for Erebus; personification of darkness; son of Chaos, sibling of Nyx

77
Q

Oceanus

A

Titan god of rivers; son of Uranus and Gaia; father of rivergods and Oceanids

78
Q

Ops

A

Roman name for Rhea; the mother goddess; daughter of Uranus and Gaia; wife to Kronos; chariot, tambourine, crown, cornucopia

79
Q

Iapetus

A

Titan of mortality; son of Uranus ad Gaia; in Tartarus with Kronos

80
Q

Hyperion

A

Personification of the sun; son of Uranus and Gaia; father of Helios, Selene, and Eos

81
Q

Aurora

A

Roman name for Eos; Personification of dawn; saffron, cloak, roses, tiara

82
Q

Latona

A

Roman name for Leto; Goddess of childhood; mother of Apollo and Artemis; veil, dates

83
Q

Metis

A

Helped Zeus free his siblings; mother of Athena

84
Q

Pallas

A

Titan of warcraft; husband of Styx

85
Q

Polybotes

A

Child of Gaia and Uranus; fought Poseidon during the Gigantomachy

86
Q

Orion

A

Giant huntsman placed under the stars; featured in the ‘Odyssey’

87
Q

Geryon

A

Has either one body with three heads, or three bodies (unclear); herder of the red cattle

88
Q

Laestrygonians

A

Tribe of man-eating giants; sprung from the Laestrygon; son of Poseidon; believed to inhabit Southeast Sicily

89
Q

Typhon

A

One of the deadliest creatures in Greek mythology; attempted to overthrow Zeus and lost; buried underneath Mount Etna; monstrous serpentine giant

90
Q

Formido/Metus

A

Roman name for Deimos; god of dread and terror; son of Ares and Aphrodite; brother of Phobos; represent the dread and terror felt before battle

91
Q

Pavor/Terror

A

Roman names for Phobos; god of fear and panic; son og Ares and Aphroditel brother of Deimos; the fear brought by war

92
Q

Zagreus

A

Worshipped by the followers of Orphism; the ‘first Dionysus’; son of Zeus and Persephone; dismembered by the Titans and reborn

93
Q

Salacia

A

Roman name for Amphitrite; goddess of the sea; queen of the sea; wife of Poseidon; daughter of Nereus or Oceanus, siblings of the Nereids or Oceanids; trident, dolphin, seal

94
Q

Delphin

A

leader of the dolphins; placed in the sky by Poseidon as the constellation Delphinus

95
Q

Thetis

A

Mother of Achilles; sea nymph; daughter of Nereus; sibling of the Nereids

96
Q

Triton

A

Sea god; son of Poseidon and Amphitrite; merman; aided the Argonauts; possessed a conch shell he blew like a trumpet

97
Q

Aeolus

A

son of Hippotes; ruler of winds encountered by Odysseus; king of the island Aeolia

98
Q

Daphne

A

Naiad; unwilling subject of Apollo’s infatuations who was cursed by Eros

99
Q

Minthe

A

Underworld naiad nymph; beloved by Hades, his mistress; transformed into mint plant by either Persephone or Demeter

100
Q

Echo

A

Possible daughter of Uranus; cursed by Hera (Zeus made her protect him) to only speak the last words spoken to her; fell in love with Narcissus but was unable to share her feelings

101
Q

Satyr

A

Often depicted as half human half goat; lost much of their characteristic obscenity; also called fauns or silenos

102
Q

Muses

A

Inspirational goddesses of literature, science, and the arts; Boeotian muses are Melete, Aoede, and Mneme; Nine Olympian muses are Calliope, Clio, Erato, Euterpe, Melpomene, Polyhymnia, Terpsichore, Thalia, and Urania

103
Q

Diomedes

A

Hero for his participation in the Trojan war; king of Argos

104
Q

Briseis

A

The heart of the dispute between Achilles and Agamemnon; significant character in the Iliad; also known as Hippodameia

105
Q

Danae

A

Mother of Perseus by Zeus; Argive princess; founded the city of Ardea

106
Q

Electra

A

One of the most popular characters in tragedies; daughter of Agamemnon and Queen Clytemnestra

107
Q

Europa

A

Argive princess; mother of King Minos; raped by Zeus when he was a bull mixed with her father’s herds

108
Q

Agamemnon

A

king of Mycenae; commanded Greeks during the Trojan war; killed upon his return to Troy

109
Q

Laertes

A

king of the Cephallenians; Argonaut; father of Odysseus

110
Q

Menelaus

A

king of Sparta; central figure in the Trojan war; husband of Helen of Troy

111
Q

Nestor

A

king of Pylos; prominent secondary character in the Iliad and the Odyssey; Argonaut

112
Q

Peleus

A

king of Phthia; husband of Thetis; father of Achilles

113
Q

Hyacinth

A

Divine hero of Sparta; lover of Apollo; killed accidentally by a discus thrown by Apollo; also called Hyacinthus

114
Q

Adonis

A

Mortal lover of Aphrodite; gored by a wild boar and died in Aphrodite’s arms; his blood mingled with her tears forming the anemone flower; anemones, lettuce, fennel, fast-growing plants

115
Q

Oedipus

A

In myth, a prophecy said any son of Laius would kill him; gave away his newborn son (abandoned); Oedipus discovered the prophecy and left for Thebes; ended up unknowingly killing his father and ridding Thebes if their sphinx (4 feet in morning, 2 in afternoon, 3 at night riddle) and becoming king to marry his mother (unknowingly); had fur children; plague of infertility struck Thebes; Oedipus tried to find wife’s late husband’s killer; warned he might have killed him; discovered he killed his father and married his mother; Jocasta (the queen) killed herself and Oedipus, in shame, blinded himself

116
Q

Pythia

A

High priestess of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi; also the Oracle of Delphi

117
Q

Narcissus

A

Known for his beauty; rejected all romantic advances; fell in love with his own reflection in a pool of water; died staring and in his place a Narcissus flower sprouted; daffodil

118
Q

Titans

A

Pre-Olympian gods; twelve children of the primordial parents Uranus and Gaia: Oceanus, Coeus, Crius, Hyperion, Iapetus, Cronus, Theia, rhea, Themis, Mnemosyne, Phoebe, Tethys; children pf Cronus are Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, Hera, Hestia, Demeter, and Chiron; children of Oceanus are oceanids and {otamoi; children of Hyperion are Helios, Selene, and Eos; children of Coeus are Leto and Asteria; children of Iapetus ate Atlas, Menoetius, Prometheus, and Epimetheus; children of Crius are Astraeus, Pallas, and Perses

119
Q

Nine Muses

A

Calliope: epic poetry; mothered Orpheus; lyre
Clio: history; mothered Hyacinthus; scrolls and books
Euterpe: flutes and music; double flute
Thalia: comedy and pastoral poetry
Melpomene: tragedy; mothered the Sirens; tragic mask
Terpsichore: dance; lyre and plectrum
Erato: love poetry and lyric poetry; lyre and kithara
Polyhymnia: hymns and sacred poetry
Urania: astronomy; mothered Linus and Hymen; globe

Mythology (2 decks)

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