Green Category Flashcards

Question

LIDOCAINE Classification 2. Action 3. Indications 4. Contraindications 5. Dosages (Adult) 6. Dosage (Peds) 7. Routes 8. Adverse Effects 9. Interactions with other drugs 10. OD Protocol

Answer 1

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.

Answer 2

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.

Answer 3

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.

Answer 4

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.

Answer 5

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.

Answer 6

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.

Answer 7

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.

Answer 8

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.

Answer 9

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.

Answer 10

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.

Answer 11

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.

Answer 12

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.

Answer 13

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.

Answer 14

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.

Answer 15

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.

Answer 16

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.

Answer 17

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.

Answer 18

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.

Answer 19

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.

Answer 20

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.

Answer 21

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Adult: 6. Peds: 7. 8. 9. 10.

Answer 22

Amebicides and antiprotozoals

Answer 23

Antifungals

Answer 24

Antimalarials

Answer 25

Antituberculars and antileprotics

Answer 26

Aminoglycosides (A class of antibiotics)

Answer 27

Penicillins

Answer 28

Cephalosporins

Answer 29

Tetracyclines

Answer 30

Sulfonamides

Answer 31

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 32

Macrolide anti-infectives

Answer 33

Anti infectives

Answer 34

Positive Inotoropes

Answer 35

Antidysryhtmics

Answer 36

Anti-Anginals

Answer 37

Non selective beta blockers

Answer 38

BETA SPECIFIC BETA BLOCKERS

Answer 39

ACE Inhibitors

Answer 40

Angiotensin II blocking agents

Answer 41

ACE Inhibitor Mechanisms. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are agents used to relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure. They prevent an enzyme from producing angiotensin II, which narrows blood vessels and raises blood pressure, meaning the heart has to work harder to pump blood around the body.

Answer 42

Vasodilating Agents

Answer 43

Alpha-2 receptor agonists (centrally acting sympatholytics)

Answer 44

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor blocking agents

Answer 45

Calcium Channel Blockers

Answer 46

Calcium Channel Blockers

Answer 47

The α-2 adrenergic receptor agonists have been used for decades to treat common medical conditions such as hypertension; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; various pain and panic disorders; symptoms of opioid, benzodiazepine, and alcohol withdrawal; and cigarette craving.1 However, in more recent years, these drugs have been used as adjuncts for sedation and to reduce anesthetic requirements. This review will provide an historical perspective of this drug class, an understanding of pharmacological mechanisms, and an insight into current applications in clinical anesthesiology.

Answer 48

Potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 49

Alpha blockers relax certain muscles and help small blood vessels remain open. They work by keeping the hormone norepinephrine (noradrenaline) from tightening the muscles in the walls of smaller arteries and veins, which causes the vessels to remain open and relaxed. This improves blood flow and lowers blood pressure.

Answer 50

Osmotic diuretics

Answer 51

Osmotic diuretics

Answer 52

Antilipemics

Answer 53

Lipemia is presence of a high concentration of lipids (or fats) in the blood.

Answer 54

Lipemia is presence of a high concentration of lipids (or fats) in the blood.

Answer 55

Prescription NSADS (Cox Inhibitors) Selective COX-2 inhibitors are a type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that directly targets cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2, an enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain

Answer 56

Prescription NSADS (Cox Inhibitors) Selective COX-2 inhibitors are a type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that directly targets cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2, an enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain

Answer 57

Prescription NSADS (Cox Inhibitors) Selective COX-2 inhibitors are a type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that directly targets cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2, an enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain

Answer 58

Barbiturates

Answer 59

A barbiturate is a drug that acts as a central nervous system depressant, and can therefore produce a wide spectrum of effects, from mild sedation to total anesthesia. They are also effective as anxiolytics, hypnotics, and anticonvulsants.

Answer 60

Benzodiazepines

Answer 61

Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABAA receptor, resulting in sedative, hypnotic (sleep-inducing), anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties.

Answer 62

Benzodiazepine antagonist

Answer 63

Antihistamines

Answer 64

Anticonvulsants

Answer 65

Tricyclic Antidepressants

Answer 66

ricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are a class of antidepressant medications that share a similar chemical structure and biological effects. Scientists believe that patients with depression may have an imbalance in neurotransmitters, chemicals that nerves make and use to communicate with other nerves. The [putative anti-neuralgic] mechanism of action of the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) is that they inhibit the reuptake of the biogenic amines, mostly norepinephrine (NE), as well as serotonin (5HT)

Answer 67

MonoAmineOxidase Inhibitors

Answer 68

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of medication used to treat depression. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes: monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). They are best known as powerful anti-depressants, as well as effective therapeutic agents for panic disorder and social phobia. They are particularly effective in treatment-resistant depression and atypical depression.[1] They are also used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and several other disorders.

Answer 69

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Answer 70

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are a class of drugs that are typically used as antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. The exact mechanism of action of SSRIs is unknown.

Answer 71

Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors

Answer 72

Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are a class of antidepressant drugs that treat major depressive disorder (MDD) and can also treat anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), chronic neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), and menopausal symptoms. SNRIs are monoamine reuptake inhibitors; specifically, they inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. These neurotransmitters play an important role in mood. SNRIs can be contrasted with the more widely used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which act upon serotonin only. The human serotonin transporter (SERT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET) are membrane transport proteins that are responsible for the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. Dual inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake can offer advantages over other antidepressant drugs by treating a wider range of symptoms.[1] SNRIs, along with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs), are second-generation antidepressants. Over the past two decades, second-generation antidepressants have gradually replaced first-generation antidepressants, such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), as the drugs of choice for the treatment of MDD due to their improved tolerability and safety profile

Answer 73

Antidepressants

Answer 74

Anti Bi-Polar Drugs

Answer 75

AntiPsychotics

Answer 76

Antipsychotics, also known as neuroleptics or major tranquilizers,[1] are a class of medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. They are increasingly being used in the management of non-psychotic disorders. Antipsychotics are usually effective in relieving symptoms of psychosis in the short term. The long-term use of antipsychotics is associated with side effects such as involuntary movement disorders, gynecomastia, and metabolic syndrome. They are also associated with increased mortality in elderly people with dementia. First-generation antipsychotics, known as typical antipsychotics, were discovered in the 1950s. Most second-generation drugs, known as atypical antipsychotics, have been developed more recently, although the first atypical antipsychotic, clozapine, was discovered in the 1960s and introduced clinically in the 1970s.[2] Both generations of medication tend to block receptors in the brain's dopamine pathways, but atypicals tend to act on serotonin receptors as well.

Answer 77

Anti Parkinsonian Drugs

Answer 78

Chemical restraints

Answer 79

a. Midazolam b. Propofol c. Etomidate d. Atropine e. Lidocaine f. Fentanyl g. Morphine h. Thiopental i. Ketamine

Answer 80

Succinylcholine

Answer 81

i. Vecuronium ii. Rocuronium iii. Recuronium iv. Mivacurium v. Pancuronium vi. Atracurium vii. Tubocurarine

Answer 82

Anticholinergic Drugs

Answer 83

An anticholinergic agent is a substance that blocks the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the central and the peripheral nervous system. These agents inhibit parasympathetic nerve impulses by selectively blocking the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to its receptor in nerve cells

Answer 84

1. Epinephrine 2. Dobutamine 3. Dopamine 4. Isoproterenol 5. Norepinephrine 6. Phenylephrine 7. Pseudoephedrine

Answer 85

The types of sympathetic or adrenergic receptors are alpha, beta 1 and beta 2. Alpha-receptors are located on the arteries. When the alpha receptor is stimulated by epinephrine or norepinephrine, the arteries constrict. This increases the blood pressure and the blood flow returning to the heart. Beta 1 receptors are located in the heart. When Beta 1 receptors are stimulated they increase the heart rate and increase the heart's strength of contraction or contractility. The Beta 2 receptors are located in the bronchioles of the lungs and the arteries of the skeletal muscles

Answer 86

1. Albuterol 2. Isoetherine 3. Metaproterenol 4. Terbutaline

Answer 87

Muscle relaxants

Answer 88

Histamine 1 - Antagonists

Answer 89

Histamine 2 antagonists

Answer 90

H1 and H2 antagonist are both two types of histamine antagonist. H1 antagonist serves to reduce or eliminate effects mediated by histamine, an endogenous chemical mediator released during allergic reactions while the H2 receptor antagonists are used to block the action of histamine on parietal cells in the stomach by decreasing the production of acid by these cells. H1 antagonists are used in the treatment of Allergic rhinitis, Allergic conjunctivitis,Allergic dermatological conditions,Urticaria,Angioedema,Diarrhea,Pruritus (atopic dermatitis, insect bites), Anaphylactic, Nausea and vomiting (first-generation H1-antihistamines),Sedation (first-generation H1-antihistamines). Based on the nature of the allergic condition, they can be administered through the skin, nose, or eyes. H2 antagonists are used in the treatment of dyspepsia, Peptic ulcer disease (PUD), Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD/GORD), Prevention of stress ulcer (a specific indication of ranitidine).

Answer 91

Beta-2 selective bronchodilators

Answer 92

Beta 2 selective adrenergic bronchodilator β2 adrenergic agonists' effects on smooth muscle cause dilation of bronchial passages, vasodilation in muscle and liver, relaxation of uterine muscle, and release of insulin. They are primarily used to treat asthma and other pulmonary disorders, such as COPD.

Answer 93

Direct smooth muscle relaxants

Answer 94

1. Ephedrine 2. Epinephrine

Answer 95

Adult- proper IV/IO dose of epinephrine is 1 mg (10 mL of 1:10,000 solution), repeated every 3 to 5 minutes. Pediatric:0.01 mg/kg IV/IO q3-5min; use 1:10000 concentration (0.1 mL/kg) Epinephrine 0.1 mg/kg endotracheal tube (ETT) q3-5min; use 1:1000 concentration

Answer 96

Low dose: 1 to 5 mcg/kg/minute IV to increase urine output and kidney blood flow. Intermediate dose: 5 to 15 mcg/kg/minute IV to increase kidney blood flow, cardiac output and contractility, and heart rate

Answer 97

The first dose of adenosine should be 6 mg administered rapidly over 1-3 seconds followed by a 20 ml NS bolus. If the patient’s rhythm does not convert out of SVT within 1 to 2 minutes, a second 12 mg dose may be given in similar fashion PEDS Adenosine 0.1mg/kg rapid IV bolus maximum of 6mg Adenosine 0.2mg/kg rapid IV bolus maximum of 12mg

Answer 98

Dosing The maximum cumulative dose in a 24 hour period should not exceed 2.2 grams. Within the VT/VF pulseless arrest algorithm, the dosing is as follows: 300mg IV/IO push → (if no conversion) 150 mg IV/IO push → (after conversion) Infusion #1 360 mg IV over 6 hours (1mg/min) → Infusion #2 540 mg IV over 18 hours (0.5mg/min) For tachyarrhythmias other than life threatening, expert consultation should be considered before use. For Tachycardia other than pulseless VT/VF, Amiodarone dosing is as follows: (see above note) 150 mg over 10 minutes → repeat as needed if VT recurs → maintenance infusion of 1mg/min for 6 hours Amiodarone should only be diluted with D5W and given with an in-line filter. Infusions exceeding 2 hours must be administered in glass or polyolefin bottles containing D5W.

Answer 99

Atropine: The first drug of choice for symptomatic bradycardia. Dose in the Bradycardia ACLS algorithm is 0.5mg IV push and may repeat up to a total dose of 3mg. Dopamine: Second-line drug for symptomatic bradycardia when atropine is not effective. Dosage is 2-20 micrograms/kg/min infusion.

Answer 100

Usual Adult Dose for Atrial Fibrillation Bolus Injection: -Initial bolus dose: 0.25 mg/kg IV as a bolus administered over 2 minutes. After 15 minutes, a second bolus of 0.35 mg/kg IV (administered over 2 minutes) may be used if necessary. Continuous Infusion: -The continuous infusion should begin immediately following a bolus injection of 0.25 mg/kg IV OR 0.35 mg/kg IV administered over 2 minutes. -Initial infusion rate: 10 mg/hr IV -Maintenance infusion rate: The infusion rate may be increased in 5 mg/hr increments up to 15 mg/hr. -Maximum duration: 24 hours

Answer 101

Cardiac Arrest from VT/VF: Initial dose: 1 to 1.5 mg/kg IV/IO. For refractory VF may give additional 0.5 to 0.75 mg/kg IV push, repeat in 5 to 10 minutes; maximum 3 doses or total of 3mg/kg. PALS Initial: 1 mg/kg Infusion: 20 to 50 mcg/kg/min (MAX DOSE 100 mg) ET: 2 to 3 mg

Answer 102

Adult-Loading dose: 100-200 mg/dose or 15-18 mg/kg; infuse slowly over 25-30 min not to exceed 50 mg/min; may repeat q5min PRN not to exceed 1 g. Maintenance: 1-4 mg/min by continuous IV infusion. Peds- 15 mg/kg over 30 to 60 minutes

Answer 103

ADULT - 2.5-5 mg IV over 2 minutes and repeat doses of 5-10 mg may be given at 15-minute intervals to a total dose of 20 mg.

Answer 104

Angina Pectoris (Acute Relief) 0.3-0.6 mg SL q5min up to 3 times; use at first sign of angina. ... Angina Pectoris (Prophylaxis) 1 tablet SL 5-10 minutes before activities likely to provoke angina attacks.

Answer 105

Initial intravenous dosing to treat acute myocardial infarct (AMI) or unstable angina is three IV boluses of 5 mg (each injected over 1 minute) at 2 minute intervals, usually followed by oral dosing of 50 milligrams every 6 hours for 48 hours or 25 milligrams every 6 hours for 48 hours if unable to tolerate the full initial IV regimen. When given IV, effects are faster, with maximum beta blocking effect seen at 20 minutes, then tapering off from 5 to 8 hours, dependent on the total dose given (5 to 15 mg). Five mg of intravenous metoprolol is approximately equivalent to 12.5 mg given orally.

Answer 106

0.1 mg/2xday Route: PO

Answer 107

The usual initial dose of furosemide is 20 mg to 40 mg given as a single dose, injected intramuscularly or intravenously. The intravenous dose should be given slowly (1 to 2 minutes). Ordinarily a prompt diuresis ensues PEDS: 0.5-1 mg/kg (or 40 mg) IV over 1-2 minutes; may be increased to 80 mg if there is no adequate response within 1 hour;not to exceed 160-200 mg/dose.

Green Category Flashcards

The most used in the filed as a paramedic (132 cards)