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Green Herbs To Learn Flashcards

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1
Q

Willow Latin name, family, body system

A

Salix alba
Salicaceae
MSK

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2
Q

Salix alba:
Parts used
Actions
indications

A

Cortex (bark)
Actions: Analgesic, anti-inflammatory
Indications: Osteoarthritis,
Tendonitis

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3
Q

Salix alba cautions & contraindications

A

Pregnancy, lactation, alongside NSAID’s

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4
Q

Salix alba constituent and mechanism of action

A

Phenolic glycosides = salicylates & salicin.
They are metabolised in the body to create salicylic acid, which has anti-inflammatory and Analgesic effect.

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5
Q

What 6 key herbs are for the MSK system?

A

Equisetum arvense - horsetail
Ganoderma lucidum - Reishi
Harpagophytum procumbens - Devils Claw
Hericium erinaceus - Lions mane
Salix spp. - Willow
Symphytum officinale - Comfrey

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6
Q

Equisetum arvense
part used
family
actions & indications
caution / contra

A

Horsetail
Herba
Equisetaceae
Anti-inflammatory, Connective tissue tonic, nutritive blood tonic
Osteoporosis, broken bones
Possible allergic reaction

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7
Q

Ganoderma lucidum part used and contraindication

A

Fruiting body
Autoimmune diseases

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8
Q

Harpagophytum procumbens part used and constituent

A

Radix
Harpagoside

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9
Q

Hericium erinaceus part used and constituent

A

Fruiting body
Hericium

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10
Q

Salix spp. part used and constituent

A

Cortex
Salicin

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11
Q

Symphytum officinale
part used
family
actions & indications
constituent
mechanism of action

A

Radix, Folia
Boraginaceae
Antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory, vulnerary
Joint pain, broken bones, arthritis
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

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12
Q

What are the 6 key herbs for the CVS

A

Aesculus hippocastanum - Horse chestnut
Convallaria majalis - Lily of the valley
Crataegus spp - Hawthorn
Curcuma longa - Tumeric
Ginkgo biloba - maidenhair tree
Salvia miltiorrhiza - red sage

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13
Q

Aesculus hippocastanum part used and constituent

A

Semen
Escin

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14
Q

Convallaria majalis part used and constituent

A

Radix, Herba
Convallatoxin

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15
Q

Crataegus part used and constituent

A

Folia, Flox, Fruct
OPC’s

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16
Q

Curcuma longa
part used
family
actions & indication
caution / conta
constituent

A

Rhizome
zingiberaceae
antiangina, antioxidant
cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis
Caution - obstruction of the biliary tract
Curcumin

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17
Q

Ginkgo biloba
part used
family
actions & indications
caution / contra
constituent

A

Folia
Ginkgoaceae
Vasoprotective, venotonic, vasodilator
Arteriosclerosis, poor circulation, Raynauds
Contraindicated in schitzophrenia
Bilobalides

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18
Q

Salvia miltiorrhiza
part used
family
actions & indications
contraindication
constituent

A

Radix
Lamiaceae
Antiarrhythmic, cardioprotective
Angina, congestive heart failure
Contra - Pregnancy
Diterpene diketones

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19
Q

What are the 6 key herbs for the RS?

A

Allium sativum - Garlic
Andrographis paniculata - Andrographis
Echinacea purpurea or angustifolia - Coneflower
Ephedra sinica - Ephedra
Inula helenium - Elecampane
Lobelia inflata - puke weed

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20
Q

Allium sativum
part used
family
action & indication
caution / contra
constituent

A

Bulbus
Liliaceae
Antimicrobial, antiviral, mucolytic
Bronchitis, cattarh, colds, flus
contra - Warfarin
Alliin - gets excreted through the lungs

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21
Q

Andrographic paniculata
part used
family
action & indication
contraindication
constituent

A

Herba
Acanthaceae
Antiviral, Immunomodulator
Bronchitis, respiratory tract infection
Possible allergic reaction, Pregnancy
Andrographolides

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22
Q

Echinacea part used and constituent

A

Radix, Herba
Alkylamides

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23
Q

Ephedra sinica part used and constituent

A

Herba
Ephedrine

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24
Q

Inula helenium part used and constituent

A

Radix
Helonin

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25
Lobelia inflata part used and contra
Herba, Semen Pregnancy and lactation
26
Which 5 key herbs are for the GIT system
Aloe vera - Aloe Silybum marianum - Milk thistle Filipendula ulmaria - Meadowsweet Matricaria chamomilla - German chamomile Ulmus rubra - Slippery elm
27
Aloe vera part used and contra
Folia Lactation
28
Silbum marianum part used and constituent
Semen Silymarin
29
Filipendula ulmaria part used and constituent
Herba Salicylates
30
Matricaria chamomilla part used and constituent
Flos Chamazulene
31
Ulmus rubra part used and contra
Cortex Intestinal obstruction
32
What are the 6 key herbs for the US
Achillea millefolium - yarrow Agathosma betulina - Buchu Arctostaphylos uva-ursi - Bearberry Parietaria judaica - Pellitory of the wall Epilobium parviflorum - Hoary small-flowered willow herb Vaccinium macrocarpon - Cranberry
33
Achillea millefolium parts used and constituent
Herba Azulene
34
Agathosma betulina parts used and contraindication
Folia Pregnancy
35
Arcostaphylos uva-ursi part used and constituent
Folia Arbutin
36
Parietaria judaica part used
Radix, Herba
37
Epilobium parviflorum part used and constituent
Herba Oenothein B
38
Vaccinium macrocarpon part used and constituent
Fructus Proanthocyanidins
39
Crataegus monogyna, C. Laevigata Parts used Actions & Indications
Folia, flos, fructus Actions: Cardiovascular trophorestorative, blood pressure modulator Indications: High & Low b.p, Arteriosclerosis
40
Hawthorn latin name, family, body system
Crategus spp. Rosaceae CVS
41
Crataegus cautons/contra
High b.p. medications & pregnancy
42
Crataegus constituent and mechanism
OPC's - they increase the myocardial contractility via its positive intotropic action, via inhibition of the sarcolemmal sodium pump
43
Convallaria majalis Family parts used actions & indications Body system
Radix & herba Asparagaceae Negatively chronotropic, positively inotropic, cardiac tonic Angina, heart failure, heart failure CVS
44
Convallaria majalis caution / contra
Those on beta blockers Those on digitalis/digoxin due to additive effect
45
Convallaria majalis constituent and mechanism of action
Cardiac glycosides = convallatoxin Which has a PI effect on the heart, enhancing cardiac contracility.
46
Lobelia inflata part used family actions & indications body system
Herba & Semen Campanulaceae Respiratory stimulant, bronchial relaxant Bronchitis, emphysema RS
47
48
Lobelia inflata constituent and mechanism
Piperidine alkaloids = lobeline Inhibits the release of catecholamines from adrenal glands, stimulates the release of prostacyclin from the lungs which helps maintain normal breathing under stress
48
Lobelia inflata caution / contra
All cardiac diseases. Overdose = nausea, vomitting.
49
Ephedra sinica Part used Family Actions & Indications Body system
Herba Ephedraceae Bronchodilator, respiratory spasmolytic Bronchial asthma, hay-fever RS
50
Ephedra sinica caution / contra
Pregnancy & lactation Overdose = anxiety, dry mouth, tachycardia
51
Ephedra sinica constituent & mechanism
Alkaloids - ephedrine Is strongly sympathomimetic which causes a bronchodilatory action, improving breathing. It also prevents vasodilation making it beneficial for allergies and hay-fever.
52
Inula helenium parts used family actions & indications body system
Radix/Rhizoma Asteraceae Stimulating expectorant, bronchospasmolytic Bronchitis, respiratory infections RS
53
Inula helenium caution / contra
Asteraceae allergy. Pregnancy
54
Inula helenium constituent and mechanism
Inulin & essential oils. Helenin. Mucilage from inulin has a relaxing effect on the RS whereas the E.Os create stimulation = soothing irritation and promoting expectoration. The E.Os also have an antiseptic action to fight infection.
55
Actostaphylos uva-ursi parts used family actions & indications body system
Bearberry Folia Ericaceae Diuretic, urinary antiseptic Bladder & kidney infections, cystitis, dysuria US
56
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Cautions / contra
Kidney disorders, pregnancy, lactation
57
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi constituent and mechanism
Hydroquinone glycoside = arbutin E.coli in cystitis can absorb the arbutin metabolites, and convert them to hydroquinone in their own cells. The hydroquinone damages the bacterial cells of e.coli by destabalising its membranes.
58
Agathosma betulina parts used family actions & indications body system
Buchu Folia when in flower Rutaceae Diuretic, antispasmodic, urinary antiseptic Cystitis, urethritis US
59
Agathosma betulina contra / caution
Kidney diseases pregnancy
60
Agathosma betulina constituent and mechanism
E.O = diosphenol Provides it with the antiseptic action by disinfecting the urine
61
Achillea millefolium part used family actions & indications body system
Yarrow Herba in flower Asteraceae Diuretic, astringent UTI's, urinary incontinence US
62
Achillea millefolium contra / caution
Asteraceae allergy, pregnancy
63
Achillea millefolium constituent and mechanism
Tannins Provide it with its astringent quality which tightens urinary muscles, alleviating incontinence
64
Aesculus hippocastanum part used family actions & indications body system
Semen Sapindaceae Venotonic, circulatory tonic venous insufficiency, varicous veins CVS
65
Aesculus hippocastanum caution / contra
Those on anticoagulants Pregnancy
66
Aesculus hippocastanum constituent and mechanism
Saponins = Aescin Improves entry of ions into channels which raises venous tension, strengthens blood vessel walls and increases elasticity. This improves blood and venous return.
67
Harpagophytum procumbens part used family actions & indications body system
Devils claw Radix Pediliaceae Anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic Rheumatoid arthritis, arthritis MSK
68
Harpagophytum procumbens caution / contra
Pregnancy & lactation Gastric ulcers
69
Harpagophytum procumbens constituent and mechanism
Iridoid glycoside = harpagoside which reduces inflammation in the joints
70
Equisetum arvense constituent and mechanism
Silicon - important mineral for the healing of bones, ligaments and tendons. Works by promoting the activity of osteoblasts (cells which play a key role in the formation of new bone) whilst also reducing the activity of osteoclasts (cells which break down bone).

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