Green - Reg Of Food Intake

Question 1

Loss of appetite or lack of eating

Answer 1

Anorexia

Question 2

Inhibits feeding

Answer 2

Anorexigenic

Question 3

Overeating

Answer 3

Hyperphagia

Question 4

Stimulates feeding

Answer 4

Orexigenic

Question 5

Feeling of fullness and loss of hunger; sense of satisfaction that inhibits feeding center in hypothalamus

Answer 5

Satiety

Question 6

Weight range at which adult animals stays w/o dieting or increased feeding

Answer 6

Set weight

Question 7

What are short-term mechanisms which prevent overeating

Answer 7

Distention of stomach
(Stretch inhibitory signals transmitted by vagus nerve suppress feeding center)

GI hormones (secreted from intestine)

Question 8

What does long-term food regulation do?

Answer 8

Maintains normal quant of energy stores

Mediated by blood gluc levels

Question 9

______ is the control center for appetite and energy expenditure

Answer 9

Hypothalamus

Question 10

What does the lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus do?

Answer 10

Feeding center

Stimulation - hyperphagia
Destruction - no desire for food

Question 11

What does stimulation of the lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus do?

Answer 11

Causes hyperphagia

Question 12

What does destruction of the ventrolateral nucleus do?

Answer 12

Causes voracious and continuous eating

Question 13

What does stimulation of the ventrolateral nucleus do ?

Answer 13

Causes complete satiety

Question 14

What is the ventrolateral nucleus’ function?

Answer 14

Satiety center

Question 15

What do lesions of the paraventricular nucleus do?

Answer 15

Cause overeating

Question 16

What do lesions of the dorsolateral nucleus do?

Answer 16

Depress eating behavior

Question 17

What happens at the arcuate nucleus?

Answer 17

This is the location where multiple hormones from GI tract and adipose converge to reg food intake and energy use

Lacks complete BBB.

Convergence of Neuro and blood borne signals

Question 18

Activation of POMC (proopiomelanocortin) neurons in the arcuate nucleus which produce alpha- MSH and CART does what?

Answer 18

Decreases food intake and increases energy expenditure

Question 19

Activations of NPY-AgRP in the arcuate nucleus does ?

Answer 19

Increases food intake and reduces energy expenditure

Question 20

__________ releases alpha-MSH which activates MCR 3 and MCR 4 which decreases food intake and increases energy expenditure

Answer 20

POMC

Question 21

POMC release alpha-MSH which activates _____- and ______ and reduces food intake and increases energy expenditure

Answer 21

MCR3 and MCR4

Question 22

POMC releases alpha-MSH which activates MCR3 and MCR4 which _______ and _______

Answer 22

Reduces food intake

Increases energy expenditure

Question 23

Inhibition of MCR3 and MCR 4 does what?

Answer 23

Increases food intake and decreases energy expenditure

Question 24

Most common cause of monogenic human obesity?

Answer 24

MCR-4 mutations

Question 25

_______ is a natural antagonist of MCR-3 and MCR-4 (melanocortin receptors)

Answer 25

AgRP

Question 26

Release of AgRP (increases feeding by inhibiting effects of alpha-MSH) is inhibited by _______

Answer 26

Insulin

Question 27

Excessive formation of AgRP is associated with?

Answer 27

Excessive feeding and obesity

Question 28

What do hypocretin/orexin do?

Answer 28

Promote food intake Expression up during food deprivation Neurons more active during fasting

Question 29

Nicotine enhances firing of ______ neurons

Answer 29

POMC

Question 30

Increased amount of adipose tissue causes a _____ amount of leptin

Answer 30

Increased

Question 31

Leptin output _____ with insulin

Answer 31

Increases | Leptin is anorexigenic

Question 32

Leptin output ______ w/ fasting and weight loss

Answer 32

Decreases | Leptin is anorexigenic

Question 33

What does leptin do?

Answer 33

Goes to arcuate nucleus. Decreases NPY, AgRP. Increases POMC products -> alphaMSH and CART Decreases insulin secretion Increases sympathetic to increase metabolic rate and energy use.

Question 34

NPY stimulates food intake by :

Answer 34

Binding to Y receptors

Question 35

AgRP stimulates food intake by binding to

Answer 35

MCR receptores

Question 36

CART and aMSH ____ food intake by binding to MCR receptors

Answer 36

Inhibit

Question 37

What does CCK do in regards to satiety?

Answer 37

Causes satiety. 1. By decreasing gastric emptying, increasing mechanostretch in stomach 2. Affects brainstem and vagus nerve Affect gone w/in 24 hours

Question 38

What is the only known orexigenic (stimulates feeding) hormone

Answer 38

Ghrelin

Question 39

Explain ghrelin

Answer 39

Ghrelin is the only known hormone that stimulates feeding (orexigenic) It works by stimulating AgRP and NPY neurons. It is increased by anorexia nervosa, weight loss, and cancer anorexia, as well as low calorie diets, stress, and sleep deprivation Levels are decreased by weight gain and exercise

Question 40

What increases ghrelin levels (x6)

Answer 40

Weight loss Low calorie diet Anorexia nervosa Cancer anorexia Sleep deprivation Stres

Question 41

What decreased ghrelin levels?

Answer 41

Weight gain Exercise

Question 42

Pro-glucagon derived peptide secreted from distal intestine in proportion to ingested calories Anorexigenic (infusion quickly lessens hunger and food intake at single meal) Repeated injections decrease body weight and increase activity related energy expenditure.

Answer 42

Oxyntomodulin

Question 43

secreted by L cells in intestine after meal in proportion to caloric load (lipids>carbohydrates>proteins) reduces gastric emptying and delays intestinal transit anorexigenic a. increased levels in disease states characterized by weight loss b. fasting plasma concentrations reduced in obese individuals

Answer 43

PYY