Gregor mendal Flashcards
(16 cards)
Who was Gregor Mendel?
Austrian scientist and monk known as the ‘Father of Genetics’ for his work on inheritance patterns
Mendel conducted experiments on pea plants to understand trait inheritance.
What is the significance of Mendel’s work?
Explains how traits are inherited and helps predict inheritance patterns
His discoveries form the basis of modern genetics, biotechnology, and genetic engineering.
What is the Law of Segregation?
Each parent contributes only one allele for a trait, randomly passed to offspring
This law explains how alleles segregate during gamete formation.
What is the Law of Independent Assortment?
Different traits are inherited separately from one another
For example, height and flower color do not affect each other.
What are dominant and recessive alleles?
Dominant alleles are expressed in both homozygous and heterozygous individuals; recessive alleles are expressed only when both alleles are recessive
Dominant allele is represented by a capital letter (e.g., T) and recessive by a lowercase letter (e.g., t).
What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous individuals?
Homozygous individuals have two identical alleles; heterozygous individuals have two different alleles
Examples: TT (homozygous dominant), tt (homozygous recessive), Tt (heterozygous).
What are polygenic traits?
Traits controlled by two or more genes interacting together
These traits lead to a greater range of variation, such as human height.
What did Mendel study to understand inheritance?
Pea plants (Pisum sativum)
He tracked traits such as plant height, flower color, and seed shape.
What is genetic variation?
Differences in traits among individuals within a species due to sexual reproduction
Offspring inherit half of their chromosomes from each parent.
What are alleles?
Different forms of a gene
Alleles can be dominant or recessive.
Fill in the blank: Mendel is known as the ‘________’ of Genetics.
Father
His foundational work established the principles of inheritance.
True or False: Mendel’s work is still relevant in understanding genetic disorders.
True
His concepts of dominant and recessive traits are used in medical research and selective breeding.
What traits did Mendel focus on in his experiments?
Plant height, flower color, seed shape
These traits were key to his studies on inheritance.
What is the phenotype?
The organism’s traits expressed
Determined by the combination of alleles.
What is the genotype?
The genetic makeup of an individual regarding a specific trait
Examples include TT, Tt, and tt.
Fill in the blank: Mendel’s experiments on pea plants helped establish the fundamental principles of ________.
inheritance
His work remains the foundation of genetics.
