gritti lesson 14

Question 1

major 3 glands that secretes 90% of the total saliva

Answer 1

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

Question 2

how much saliva do we produce in one day?

Answer 2

1 L

Question 3

minor glands in the oral mucosa that produce 10% of the total saliva

Answer 3

lingual, buccal, palatal, labial
-scattered across the oral mucosa

Question 4

what is the epithelium of the intercalated ducts in the salivary glands?

Answer 4

simple squamous

Question 5

intercalated ducts merge into striated ducts in the salivary glands. what’s the epithelium of striated ducts?

Answer 5

between simple cuboidal and tall columnar

Question 6

striated ducts merge into interlobular ducts in the salivary glands. what’s the epithelium of these ducts?

Answer 6

tall columnar epithelium
or
stratified cuboidal
or
stratified columnar
in general is pluristratified

Question 7

intralobular vs striated

Answer 7

striated=parotid and submandibular
nuclei are towards the lumen
striations

intralobular=sublingual
nuclei not towards the lumen
bigger

Question 8

what is an acinus?

Answer 8

a cluster of different types of secretory cells in a lobule around a central lumen.
each lobule contains multiple acini

Question 9

the cells in an acinus can be

Answer 9

mucous
serous
myoepithelial cells

Question 10

the main duct, the one that empties in the oral cavity, has which type of epithelium?

Answer 10

stratified nonkeratinized squamous epithelium

Question 11

where do vessels and nerves enter into the salivary gland?

Answer 11

into the hilum and gradually branch into the lobules

Question 12

which is the largest salivary gland?

Answer 12

the parotid, present in each cheek near the ear

Question 13

gland parenchyma

Answer 13

functional component of the gland that present ducts and secretory cells

Question 14

stroma

Answer 14

connective tissue that encapsulates the glands

Question 15

is the parotid gland a mucous or serous gland?

Answer 15

mostly serous with scattered mucous cells

Question 16

where can we find plasma cells in the parotid glands?

Answer 16

in the connective tissue that surround intralobular ducts. they derive from B lymphocytes and are responsible for IgA production, which has an important role in mucosal immunity
->provide defense of the oral cavity mucosa against pathogens

Question 17

the serous demilune is a characteristic of which gland?

Answer 17

the submandibular

Question 18

is the submandibular gland a mucous or a serous gland?

Answer 18

mostly serous, a small % of mucous cells
kinda 50-50

Question 19

is the sublingual gland mostly mucous or serous?

Answer 19

mucous cells predominate

Question 20

the pancreas

Answer 20

is a mixed endocrine and exocrine gland

Question 21

which type of tissue are the islet of langherans in the pancreas? (endocrine or exocrine?)

Answer 21

endocrine tissue
embedded in the serous acini (exocrine tissue)

Question 22

ductal system in the pancreas

Answer 22

intercalated ducts merge into intralobular ducts that merge into interlobular that merge into the main pancreatic duct

Question 23

does the pancreas have myoepithelial cells?

Answer 23

no, it doesn’t.
we can find them in the salivary glands

Question 24

centroacinar cells

Answer 24

intercalated duct cells at the center of the acinus
represent the passage between the secretory portion and the duct

Question 25

type of epithelium of the intercalated duct in the pancreas and of intralobular ducts

Answer 25

simple squamous or cuboidal simple cuboidal for intralobular ducts

Question 26

type of epithelium of the interlobular duct in the pancreas

Answer 26

simple columnar, stratified columnar or stratified cuboidal

Question 27

in the right lobe, the liver is supplied by two main vessels:

Answer 27

hepatic artery portal vein

Question 28

porta hepatis

Answer 28

the central hilum of the liver COMPREHENDS PORTAL VEIN HEPATIC ARTERY BILE DUCT

Question 29

each lobule is surrounded by how many portal triads?

Answer 29

3-6

Question 30

each portal triad is made of

Answer 30

an arteriole branch of the hepatic artery a venule branch of the portal vein one or two bile ductules, branches of the bile ducts

Question 31

sinusoids

Answer 31

-capillary-like vessels of the liver. -they have a discontinuous endothelium they have a mixed of venous and arterial blood -no basement membrane in the endothelium

Question 32

kupferr cells

Answer 32

-lie in the liver sinusoids -macrophage like cells -they recognize and phagocytose aged herytrocytes -they are antigen presenting cells and remove any bacteria present in the portal blood

Question 33

perisinusoidal space or space of Disse

Answer 33

-between the fenestrated endothelial cells of the sinusoids and the hepatocytes -It is part of the liver lobule structure, surrounding the sinusoids. -the space is filled with plasma allowing an efficient exchange of nutrients -The fenestrated endothelial cells and the lack of a basement membrane allow plasma to pass freely into the perisinusoidal space, facilitating direct contact with the hepatocytes. The microvilli of hepatocytes interact with the plasma in this space for metabolic exchange.

Question 34

hepatic stellate cells

Answer 34

-mesenchymal cells -perisinusoidal space -produce ECM components and cytokines that help the activity of the kupfer cells -have droplets of lipids to store vitamin A

Question 35

liver zonation

Answer 35

hepatocytes have different functions based on where they are positioned in the lobule ig: the hepatocytes more inside get less oxygens and less nutrients (and so they perform different functions) than ones near the portal triads

Question 36

bile canaliculi

Answer 36

apical surface of hepatocytes are sealed by tight junctions to form bile canaliculi inside the bile canaliculi we have the passage of the bile that goes from the center of the lobule to the periphery

Question 37

canals of Hering

Answer 37

-lined by simple cuboidal cells named cholagiocytes -the bile from the bile canaliculi go into the canals of hering that then merge into the larger bile ductules

Question 38

in the liver blood flow and bile flow are opposite

Answer 38

blood: from the periphery to the center bile: from the center to the periphery

Question 39

bile conduction system from smaller to bigger structure

Answer 39

bile canaliculi canals of Hering bile ductules right and left hepatic ducts common hepatic duct (in the Porta hepatis) common hepatic duct+cystic duct= common bile duct

Question 40

gallbladder

Answer 40

-folded mucosa (simple columnar epithelium) -lamina propria -muscolaris externa (one layer of smooth muscle with bundles of muscle fibers oriented in several directions to facilitate emptying -adventitia (in the part attached to the liver) serosa in the exposed part

Question 41

how is contraction of the muscolaris of the gallbladder stimulated (to release the bile into the duodenum)?

Answer 41

by the release of cholecistokinins from enteroendocrine cells in the small intestine. enteroendocrine cells are stimulated by the presence of ingested fats in the small intestine

Question 42

which type of duct is present in the salivary glands but is absent into the pancreas?

Answer 42

striated duct in the pancreas instead we have intralobular ducts

Question 43

in which tissue are you if you see centroacinar cells inside the acini?

Answer 43

PANCREAS