Gross Anatomy 1

Question 1

How can the skeleton be divided into two major parts?

Answer 1

• axial (head + neck + trunk)

* appendicular (upper +lower limbs)

Question 2

What are the upper limb joints between the appendicular + axial skeleton?

Answer 2

• sterno-clavicular (true)

* scapulo-thoracic (virtual)

Question 3

What are the different regions of the upper limb?

Answer 3

• pectoral girdle
• arm
• forearm
• hand

Question 4

What are the bones of the pectoral girdle?

Answer 4

• clavicle

* scapula

Question 5

What are the bones of the arm?

Answer 5

• humerus

Question 6

What are the bones of the forearm?

Answer 6

• radius

* ulna

Question 7

What are the bones of the hands?

Answer 7

• carpals
• metacarpals
• phalanges

Question 8

What does the medial end of the clavicle articulate with?

Answer 8

thoracic wall of the trunk at manubrium

Question 9

What does lateral end of the clavicle articulate with?

Answer 9

scapular acromion

Question 10

What thoracic wall do the scapula lie against?

Answer 10

posterolateral

Question 11

What does the acromion of the scapula articulate with?

Answer 11

clavicle

Question 12

What does the glenoid fossa of the scapula articulate with?

Answer 12

humoral head (proximal end of the humerus bone)

Question 13

What does humerus superiourly articulate with?

Answer 13

glenoid fossa of the scapula to form shoulder joint

Question 14

What does the humerus inferiorly articulate with?

Answer 14

radius + ulna to form the elbow joint

Question 15

What do the proximal ends of the forearm bones articulate with?

Answer 15

condyles of the humerus

Question 16

What do the distal ends of the forearm bones articulate with?

Answer 16

carpal bones of the wrist

Question 17

What are the radius and ulna connected by?

Answer 17

interosseus membrane between the shafts

Question 18

What are the sets of bones in the wrist + hands?

Answer 18

• carpals
• metacarpals
• phalanges

Question 19

How many carpal bones? How are they organised?

Answer 19

8, distal + proximal rows

Question 20

Name the distal row of carpal bones (from R to U)

Answer 20

• trapezium
• trapezoid
• capitate
• hamate

Question 21

Name the proximal row of carpal bones (from R to U)

Answer 21

• scaphoid
• lunate
• triquetrum
• pisiform

Question 22

How are the metacarpals organised?

Answer 22

1st to 5th from R to U

Question 23

How are the phalanges organised?

Answer 23

3 rows : distal, medial, proximal (except thumb, has 2)

Question 24

What do the proximal row of carpals articulate with?

Answer 24

distal ends of R+U, except pisiform

Question 25

What do the distal row of carpals articulate with?

Answer 25

metacarpals

Question 26

What are muscle compartments?

Answer 26

muscles with: • same distinct function • same nerve supply + same blood supply

Question 27

What are the 7 muscle compartments of the upper limb?

Answer 27

* Pectoral girdle * Intrinsic shoulder * Anterior arm - flexors * Posterior arm - extensors * Anterior forearm - flexors * Posterior forearm - extensors * Intrinsic hand

Question 28

What muscles act on the shoulder?

Answer 28

* pectoral girdle muscles (anterior + posterior axio-appendicular) * intrinsic shoulder muscles (scapulohumeral muscles)

Question 29

What are the pectoral girdle muscles?

Answer 29

* trapezius * serratus anterior * pectoralis major * latissimus dorsi

Question 30

What are the intrinsic shoulder muscles?

Answer 30

* deltoid * teres major * rotator cuff muscles

Question 31

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 31

* supraspinatus * infraspinatus * teres minor * subscapularis (not visible in posterior view due to being attached to deep surface of scapula)

Question 32

What are the intrinsic shoulder muscles?

Answer 32

* acts to move humerus at shoulder joint | * v important in stabilising shoulder joint - holds humeral head to glenoid fossa

Question 33

What are the anterior muscles of the arm?

Answer 33

* biceps brachii * coracobrachialis * brachialis

Question 34

What are the origins / proximal attachments of the biceps brachii?

Answer 34

* short head : coracoid process | * long head : supraglenoid tubercle

Question 35

What muscles are originate from the coracoid process?

Answer 35

* pectoralis minor * short head of biceps brachii * coracobrachialis

Question 36

What are the muscles of the extensor / posterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 36

* triceps brachii | * anconeus

Question 37

What nerve supplies the extensor / posterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 37

radial nerve

Question 38

What are the 3 branches of the triceps brachii?

Answer 38

* lateral head * medial head * long head

Question 39

What is the distal attachment / insertion of the triceps?

Answer 39

olecranon process of the ulna

Question 40

What are the proximal attachments / origins of the triceps?

Answer 40

* lateral head : * medial head : * long head :

Question 41

What is the distal attachment / insertion of the biceps?

Answer 41

radial tuberosity