Gross Anatomy 11 - [Blood]

Question 1

What’re the blood tissue components

Answer 1

Plasma
Buffy coat - WBC+Platelets
Formed elements - Hematocric

Question 2

What’s the Ph of blood

Answer 2

Alkaline (7.35-7.45)

Question 3

What’s acidosis

Answer 3

Ph decreases towards neutral

Question 4

What’s plasma

Answer 4

Whole blood - formed elements
Proteins+water+other solutes

Question 5

What’s the serum

Answer 5

Plasma - clotting factors = serum (has antibodies)

Question 6

What’re the plasma proteins

Answer 6

Albumins - maintain blood ph
Globulins - increase immunity
Fibrinogen, Prothrombin- blood clotting

Question 7

Types of formed elements of blood

Answer 7

Erythrocytes - RBC
Leucocytes - WBC
Platelets (thrombocytes)

Question 8

What’s the most and least abundant of formed elements of blood

Answer 8

Most - RBC
Least - WBC
Middle- platelets

Question 9

Which formed elements of blood are formed from red/yellow bone marrow

Answer 9

Lymphocytes - yellow
Rest - red

Question 10

Blood cells and its function

Answer 10

Question 11

Erythrocytes characteristics

Answer 11

Tough
Flexible
Biconcave disk
No nucleus, cytoplasmic organelles

Question 12

How many chains has Hemoglobin molecules

Answer 12

4 chains - e/called globin
e/chain has a disc called Hemo (iron is stored)

Question 13

What does O2 and CO2 bind to

Answer 13

O2 binds to Heme - Oxyhemoglobin
CO2 binds to Globin - Carbaminohemoglobin

Question 14

CO2 converted to____by the RBC

Answer 14

Bicarbonate

Question 15

What’re the other names for Hematocric

Answer 15

PCV - packed cell volume
45%

Question 16

Does women or men have higher Hematocric and why

Answer 16

Men > women
Because of testosterone

Question 17

Name RBC according to size

Answer 17

Normocytes
Microcytic
Macrocytic

Question 18

Name RBC according to content

Answer 18

Normochromic
Hypochromic
Hyperchromic

Question 19

How is type AB and O blood known for

Answer 19

AB - universal recipient
O - universal donor

Question 20

Explain ABO system. Antigen, antibody

Answer 20

Question 21

Explain Rh system (Rhesus system)

Answer 21

Presence of protein or not
Rh+ can’t donate to (-), can receive (+)(-)
Rh- can donate to (+)(-) can’t receive (+)

Question 22

In a case of Erythroblastosis fetalis, is the mother or child (+)/(-)

Answer 22

Mother (-)
Child (+)

Question 23

Rh factor can cross placenta. T/F

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What’s the tx for Erythroblastosis Fetalis

Answer 24

Utero blood transfusions
Premature delivery of baby
Admin of RhoGAM to Rh- mothers

Question 25

What’s Polycythemia

Answer 25

Overproduction of RBC Gen cancerous transformation of red bone marrow Hematocric 60%

Question 26

What’s anemia

Answer 26

Low # / abnormal RBC Low levels/ defective types of hemoglobin

Question 27

Type of granulocytes/ agranulocytes WBC

Answer 27

Gra- eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils Agra- monocytes, lymphocytes (B,T)

Question 28

What’s the normal range of WBC

Answer 28

5,000- 10,000/mm3

Question 29

What’s the difference between Leucopenia and Leucocytosis

Answer 29

Leucopenia - low count WBC Leucocytosis - high count

Question 30

Diseases associated with Leucopenia and Leukocytosis

Answer 30

Leucopenia- AIDS Leukocytosis - bacterial infections, leukemia

Question 31

Characteristics of Granulocytes

Answer 31

Neutrophils - most abundant phagocyte Eosinophils - allergic rx, parasites, weak phagocyte Basophils - secrete histamine, heparin

Question 32

Characteristics of Agranulocytes

Answer 32

Monocyte- largest leukocyte, aggressive phagocyte, develops into macrophages Lymphocytes- B (secrets antibody), mature B (plasma cells), T (direct attack on bacteria, virus, cancerous cells

Question 33

What’re the WBC disorders

Answer 33

Lymphoid - from lymphocytes Myeloid neoplasms - others but lymphocytes

Question 34

Explain clotting mechanism

Answer 34

Question 35

What’s the difference between administering vitamin K and Coumadin

Answer 35

Vit K - increases synthesis Prothrombin Coumadin - opposite

Question 36

What does Heparin does

Answer 36

Delays clotting by inhibiting conversion of Prothrombin —> Thrombin

Question 37

Which drug is use to dissolve clots

Answer 37

TPA - tissue plasminogen activator

Question 38

Mention clotting disorders

Answer 38

Thrombus Embolus Hemophilia Thrombocytopenia

Question 39

What’s the difference between Thrombus and Embolus

Answer 39

Thrombus - stationary Embolus - circulating

Question 40

Which factor is related to Hemophilia

Answer 40

Inherited disorder Inability to produce factor VIII - plasma protein

Question 41

What’s Thrombocytopenia

Answer 41

Reduced platelets count Bleeding from small blood vessels

Question 42

Which vit can infants lack

Answer 42

Vit K