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Neurology HK > GROSS ANATOMY > Flashcards

GROSS ANATOMY Flashcards

1
Q

layers of the scalp

A 
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis 
Loose connective tissue
Periosteum
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2
Q

what layer of scalp contains arteries to scalp

A

connective tissue

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3
Q

what are the bones of the cranium

A 
frontal
ethmoid
parietal 
sphenoid
temporal
occipital
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4
Q

bones of the face

A 
frontal bones 
zygoma 
nasal and inferior nasal conchae
maxilla 
mandible 
palatine (2 make hard palate)
vomer (posterior nasal septum)
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5
Q

what are the sutures of the skull

A 
coronal suture (splits body into back and front)
sagittal suture (separates body into left and right)
lambdoid suture (fuses occipital bone to parietal)
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6
Q

what kind of joints are the sutures

A

fibrous

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7
Q

what are the areas called where the sutures meet in neonates

A

fontanelles (frontal and occipital)

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8
Q

what is a point of weakness in the head

A

pterion - H shaped junction between frontal, temporal, parietal and sphenoid bones

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9
Q

what runs under pterion

A

middle meningeal artery

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10
Q

what can injury of the pterion cause

A

extradural haematoma

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11
Q

what are the only 2 nerves not to arise from the brain stem

A

CN I olfactory (travels anteriorly) and II - from cerebrum

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12
Q

what cranial nerves arise from the midbrain

A

CN IV trochlear

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13
Q

what nerve arises from midbrain-pontine junction

A

CN III occulomotor

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14
Q

what nerve arises from the pons

A

CN V trigeminal (big nerve that splits into 3 divisions)

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15
Q

what nerves arise from pontine-medulla junction

A

from medial to lateral:
CN VI abducens
CN VII facial
CN VIII vestibulochlear

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16
Q

what nerves arise from medulla oblongata

A

CN IX glossopharyngeal
CN X vagus
CN XI spinal accessory
CN XII hypoglossal

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17
Q

what fossa does CN I travel through

A

cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

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18
Q

what does CN II travel through

A

optic canal

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19
Q

what does CN III travel through

A

superior orbital fissure

20
Q

what does CN IV travel through

A

superior orbital fissure

21
Q

what does CN V1 (ophthalmic) travel through

A

superior orbital fissure

22
Q

what does CN V2 travel through

A

foramen rotundum

23
Q

what does CN V3 travel through

A

foramen ovale

24
Q

what does CN VI travel through

A

superior orbital fissure

25
Q

what does CN VII travel through

A

internal acoustic meatus

26
Q

what does CN VIII travel through

A

internal acoustic meatus

27
Q

what does CN IX travel through

A

jugular foramen

28
Q

what does CN X travel through

A

jugular foramen

29
Q

what does CN XI travel through

A

jugular foramen

30
Q

what does hypoglossal travel through

A

hypoglossal canal

31
Q

what cranial fossae are in the sphenoid bone

A 
optic canal (most medial)
superior orbital fissure (edge between greater and lesser wing)
foramen rotundum (immediately posterior to superior orbital fissure)
foramen ovale (lateral posterior greater wing)
32
Q

what 2 foramen are between sphenoid and temporal bone and what do they carry

A

spinosum - meningeal arteries (lateral)

lacerum - internal carotid (posterior)

33
Q

what cranial fossae are in temporal bone

A

internal acoustic meatus (petrous temporal bone)

34
Q

what cranial fossae are between temporal and occipital bones

A

jugular foramen

35
Q

large cranial fossa in occipital bone

A

foramen magnum

36
Q

what are the arteries supplying the scalp branches of

A

ECA

37
Q

what is the middle meningeal artery a branch of

A

maxillary artery (ECA)

38
Q

what are the vertebral arteries branches of

A

subclavian arteries

39
Q

how do the vertebral arteries travel up the spine

A

through transverse processes of cervical vertebrae (foramen transversarium)

40
Q

what is venous drainage of brain and meninges

A

dural venous sinuses

41
Q

what is venous drainage of scalp and face

A

internal/external jugular veins

42
Q

where does external jugular vein drain into

A

subclavian vein

43
Q

how does internal jugular vein descend in the neck

A

in carotid sheath

44
Q

what structures are in the carotid sheath

A

common carotid artery
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve

45
Q

what do internal jugular vein and subclavian vein join to make

A

brachiocephalic vein

46
Q

what do brachiocephalic veins join to make

A

superior vena cava

Neurology HK (26 decks)

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