Gross Anatomy (complete) Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
What are the four different type of body sections or planes
A
- coronal/frontal
- sagittal
- transverse/horizontal/axial
- Oblique
2
Q
what is a coronal/frontal plane
A
A plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
3
Q
What is a sagittal plane
A
a plane that divides the body into right and left parts
4
Q
What is a midsagittal plane
A
a sagittal plane that divides the body into EQUAL right and left HALVES. it runs right down the middle of the body
5
Q
what is a perisagittal plane
A
a saggital plane that doesn’t run right down the center of the body
6
Q
What is a transverse/horizontal/axial plane
A
a plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts
7
Q
what is an oblique plane
A
a plane that divides the body at an angle
8
Q
What does anterior mean
A
closer to the front
9
Q
what does caudal mean
A
tail or rear end
10
Q
what does posterior mean
A
closer to the back
11
Q
What does medial mean
A
towards the midline
12
Q
What does dorsal mean
A
back side (not butt, back)
13
Q
what does lateral mean
A
away from the midline
14
Q
what does ventral mean
A
belly side
15
Q
what does superficial meann
A
on the outside
16
Q
what does superior mean
A
closer to the head (above)
17
Q
what does deep mean
A
on the inside
18
Q
what does inferior mean
A
closer to the feet (below)
19
Q
What does proximal mean
A
closer to the point of attachment. (used for limbs)
20
Q
What does cranial mean
A
head end
21
Q
What does distal mean
A
further from the point of attachment (used for limbs)
22
Q
describe anatomical position
A
- standing upright
- feet parallel and flat on the floor
- head level, eyes foreward
- arms at the side of the body
- palms facing anteriorly
- thumbs pointed laterally
23
Q
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology
A
anatomy is the study of structure
physiology is the study of function
both highly affect the other
24
Q
What does it mean to be lying supine
A
to be lying on your back
25
what does it mean to be lying prone
to be lying on your belly
26
What is the anatomical name for the forehead
frontal
27
What is the anatomical name for the nose
nasa
28
What is the anatomical name for the eye
ocular or orbital
29
What is the anatomical name for the ear
otic
30
What is the anatomical name for the cheek
buccal
31
What is the anatomical name for the neck
cervical
32
What is the anatomical name for the chest
thoracic, thorax
33
What is the anatomical name for the breast
mammary
34
What is the anatomical name for the Abs
abdominal, abdomen
35
What is the anatomical name for the bellybutton area
umbilical or navel
36
What is the anatomical name for the head
cephalic
37
What is the anatomical name for the skull
cranial
38
What is the anatomical name for the face
facial
39
What is the anatomical name for the mouth
oral
40
What is the anatomical name for the chin
mental
41
What is the anatomical name for the armpit
axillary
42
What is the anatomical name for the upper arm
brachial
43
What is the anatomical name for the inner elbow
antecubital
44
What is the anatomical name for the forearm
antebrachial
45
What is the anatomical name for the wrist
carpal
46
What is the anatomical name for the palm
palmar
47
What is the anatomical name for the thumb
pollex
48
What is the anatomical name for the digits
phalanges
49
What is the anatomical name for the fingers
digital or phalangeal
50
What is the anatomical name for the kneecap
patellar
51
What is the anatomical name for the anterior lower leg
crural
52
What is the anatomical name for the ankle
tarsal
53
What is the anatomical name for the toes
digital, phalangeal
54
What is the anatomical name for the big toe
hallux
55
What is the anatomical name for the foot
pedal
56
What is the anatomical name for the thigh
femoral
57
What is the anatomical name for the pubic region
pubic, pubis
58
What is the anatomical name for the groin
inguinal
59
What is the anatomical name for the hand
manual
60
What is the anatomical name for the pelvis
pelvic
61
What is the anatomical name for the shoulder
acromial
62
What is the anatomical name for the back of the elbow
olecranal
63
What is the anatomical name for the lower back
lumbar or loin
64
What is the anatomical name for the butt
gluteal
65
What is the anatomical name for the back of the knee
popliteal
66
What is the anatomical name for the posterior lower leg
sural
67
What is the anatomical name for the heel
calcaneal
68
What is the anatomical name for the sole of the foor
plantar
69
What is the anatomical name for the back
dorsal
70
What is the anatomical name for the shoulder blade
scapular
71
What is the structural organization of the body from smallest to largest
1. Chemical level
2. Organelle level
3. Cellular level
4. Tissue level
5. Organ level
6. Organ system level
7. Organism level
72
How can you remember the levels of the structural organization of the body from smallest to largest
COCTOOO (almost like the Cockatoo bird)
73
What are the main organs of the integumentary system
1. skin and associated exocrine glands
2. Hair
3. nails
74
What is the main function of the integumentary system
protection from the external environment
eliminates waste
regulate temperature
75
What are the main organs of the skeletal system
Bones (skull, ribs, etc...)
| ligaments
76
What are the main functions of the skeletal system
Assists in movement
protections
houses blood protection
mineral storage
77
What are the main organs of the muscular system
Skeletal muscle
| tendons
78
What is the main functions of the muscular system
provide movement (muscles under voluntary control)
79
What are the main organs of the nervous system
CNS (brain and spinal cord)
PNS (nerves throughout the body)
Sense organs (eyes, ears, nose, etc..)
80
What are the main functions of the endocrine system
regulation of growth, metabolism, and sexual development
81
What are the main organs of the endocrine system
Testes, ovaries
hypothalamus
thyroiid
thymus
82
What are the main organs of the cardiovascular system
heart
veins
arteries
83
what are the main functions of the cardiovascular system
Transportation of oxygen, water, and nutrients
| dispose of metabolic wastes
84
What are the main organs of the Lymphatic system
tonsils
thymus
spleen
lymph nodes and vessels
85
What are the main functions of the lymphatic system
Defends the body against bacteria and infection
| transportation of fats and fatty acids
86
What are the main organs of the respiratory system
```
lungs
nose
pharynx
larynx
diaphragm
```
87
What are the main functions of the respiratory system
provides the oxygen for the body
88
What are the main functions of the digestive system
processes food for the energy you need
| disposes of waste
89
what are the main organs of the digestive system
```
mouch
stomach
teeth
liver
esophagus
intestines
```
90
What are the main functions of the urinary system
waste removal
| blood pressure regulation
91
What are the main organs of the urinary system
kindeys
bladder
ureter
urethra
92
What are the main organs of the reproductive system
Testes/ovaries
scrotum
penis/vagina
mammary glands
93
what are the main functions of the reproductive system
production of offspring
| production of hormones
94
What are the 4 abdominopelvic quadrants
right upper quadrant
left upper quadrant
left lower quadrant
right lower quadrant
95
What is found in the right upper quadrant
liver
| gallbladder
96
What is found in the left upper quadrant
stomach
97
What is found in the left lower quadrant
intestines
| urinary bladder
98
what is found in the right lower quadrant
intestines
urinary bladder
appendix
99
What are the nine abdominopelvic regions
```
(right section top to bottom)
1. right hypochondriac
2. right lumbar
3. right inguinal
(left section top to bottom)
4. left hypochondriac
5. left lumbar
6. left inguinal
(middle section top to bottom)
7. Epigastic
8. umbilical
9. hypogastric (pubic)
```
100
What are the two main body cavities
dorsal cavity
| ventral cavity
101
What are the components of the dorsal cavity
cranial cavity
| vertebral cavity
102
what is located in the cranial cavity
the brain
103
what is located in the vertebral cavity
the spine
104
What are the components of the ventral cavity
thoracic cavity
| abdominopelvic cavity
105
What are the components of the thoracic cavity
```
pleural cavity (2)
mediastinum
pericardial cavity (specific part of the mediastinum)
```
106
What are the components of the abdominopelvic cavity
abdominal cavity
| pelvic cavity
107
What divides the abdominopelvic cavity from the thoracic cavity
the diaphragm
108
What is found in the pleural cavities
the lungs
109
what is found in the pericardial cavity
the heart
110
what is found in the abdominal cavity
many digestive glands and organs
111
what is found in the pelvic cavity
urnary bladder and reproductive organs
112
What are serous membranes
the continuous lwo-layered sack inside the body cavities
113
What are the two layers of serous membranes
1. visceral layer
| 2. parietal layer
114
what surface does the visceral layer of serous membranes cover
the organs
115
what surface does the parietal layer of serous membranes cover
it lines the body cavities
116
What is found between the visceral and parietal layers of serous membranes
serous fluid
117
what is the function of the serous fluid
reduce friction caused by the movement of organs in the body cavities
118
What are the three specific serous membranes
pleura
pericardium
peritoneum
119
what does the pleura serous membrane house
the lungs
120
what does the pericadium serous membrane house
the heart
121
what does the peritoneum serous membrane house
most digestive organs (the abdominopelvic cavity)
