gross anatomy of reproductive organs Flashcards
(29 cards)
ovary
Produces gametes and hormones, endocrine and exocrine function
Variable in position, especially after childbirth
Near lateral wall of pelvic cavity
Position stabilised by ligaments
ovary- blood supply
–via ovarian artery –arises from aorta at level of the kidney
ovary-venous drainage
–via ovarian vein, drains to inferior vena cava on right, on left to left renal vein
ovary-lymphatic drainage
–drain to aortic nodes at level of renal vessels
broad ligament
Broad ligament
peritoneal sheet draped over uterus and uterine tubes
ovaries attached to the posterior layer by short mesentery, ‘the mesovarium’
three parts- mesometruim, mesosalpinx, mesovarium
ovarian ligament
- fibrous cord, links ovary to uterus
suspensory ligament
-lateral wall of pelvis to ovary
-carries ovarian artery and vein
round ligament
Connects the uterus to the labia majora
peritoneal reflections
2 pouches – lowest points in the peritoneum
Rectouterine (sometimes called the Pouch of Douglas) – extension of peritoneum into the space between the posterior wall of the uterus and the rectum
Uterovesical – fold of peritoneum over the uterus and bladder
uterine tubes
Infundibulum–funnel-shaped opening to peritoneal cavity, fringed by finger like FIMBRIAE
Ampulla–middle section where fertilisation occurs
Isthmus -short narrowed section connected to uterine wall
Interstitial/uterine part
parts of uterus
Cervix
- cervical canal
- internal os and external os
- difference in appearance of external os in people who have or have not borne children
Fundus
-rounded part, projects up above level of uterine tubes
Isthmus
-narrowing between body and cervix
blood supply of uterus
Uterine artery, branch of internal iliac artery
blood drainage of uterus
Uterine vein drains to internal iliac vein
lymphatic drainage of uterus
drainage of body and cervix differ
-body to para-aortic nodes
-cervix to internal iliac nodes
testis and accessory structures
Two TESTES (singular = testis)
- exocrine and endocrine glands
Duct system
-closely associated with urinary system
-share final duct URETHRA
Accessory glands
One PROSTATE GLAND
Two SEMINAL VESICLES
Two BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS
scrotum
Its wall is composed of:
Skin
Dartos muscle
External spermatic fascia
Cremasteric fascia
Internal spermatic fascia
cremaster muscle-scrotum
skeletal muscle
deep to dermis
runs within the spermatic cord
position and covering of testes
Extra-abdominal
Suspended at different levels
Tunica vaginalis of the testis
A closed sac of peritoneum:
visceral and parietal layers
space between containing film of peritoneal fluid
Excess fluid in the tunica vaginalis forms a HYDROCELE
duct system of the testis
The ends of a coiled seminiferous tubule join to form a straight tubule (or “tubulus rectus”)
All the straight tubules join to a network “RETE TESTIS”
From this network, EFFERENT DUCTULES leave and join the EPIDIDYMIS
epididymis
a very coiled tube
continuous with the ductus deferens
so tightly coiled that it has a gross form
head, body and tail
lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia (long microvilli)
Stereocilia increase the area for absorption from fluid
can monitor and adjust the fluid composition
blood supply of testis
Testicular artery
blood drainage of testis
Pampiniform plexus →testicular vein →IVC on right, renal vein on left
lymphatic drainage of testis and scrotum
-testis to para-aortic nodes
-scrotum to inguinal nodes
ductus deferens
Thick-walled, smooth muscle in the wall contracts by peristalsis at emission
runs in spermatic cord, through inguinal canal
lies on side wall of pelvis, turns medially to base of bladder
enlarges at end –ampulla region
also attached here to seminal vesicle
outpouching of the ductus
