Gross anatomy of the brain part 1

Question 1

CNS is comprised of ___ and ___.

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

PNS is comprised of what 2 things

Answer 2

nerves-axon bundles

ganglia-neuron cell body aggregates

Question 3

what is ROSTRAL?

Answer 3

toward the front of the head

Question 4

what is CEPHALIC?

Answer 4

Toward the head, can interchange with superior

Question 5

What is CAUDAL?

Answer 5

toward the tail, can interchange with inferior

Question 6

What is CONTRALATERAL?

Answer 6

Opposite sides (L ARM AND R WRIST)

Question 7

What is IPSILATERAL?

Answer 7

Same side (R elbow and R wrist)

Question 8

CNS forms from what embryonic tissue?

Answer 8

ECTODERM

Question 9

what else is derived from the ectoderm, along with the CNS?

Answer 9

skin

Question 10

When does CNS develop?

Answer 10

first 3 weeks after contraception

Question 11

what are the first two things to develop in utero?

Answer 11

CNS and cardiovascular systems

Question 12

1st week of CNS development

Answer 12

neural plate

Question 13

2nd week of CNS development

Answer 13

invaginate to form the neural groove

Question 14

3rd week of CNS development

Answer 14

neural groove closes and forms neural tube

Question 15

neural tube is precursor to

Answer 15

whole Central Nervous System

Question 16

what does neural tube become after development

Answer 16

neural canal in spinal cord

Question 17

splitting off from neural tube in week 3 is what?

Answer 17

neural crest cells

Question 18

neural crest cells are precursor to

Answer 18

dorsal root ganglion

Question 19

notochord is precursor to

Answer 19

nucleus pulposus

Question 20

cephalic end of neural tube has dilations, name the three starting at the most cephalic end

Answer 20

1. forebrain (prosencephalon)
2. midbrain (mesencephalon)
3. hindbrain (rhombencephalon)

Question 21

what are the precursors to the brain?

Answer 21

primary brain vesicles:

1. forebrain (prosencephalon)
2. midbrain (mesenceohalon)
3. hindbrain (rhombencephalon)

Question 22

secondary brain vesicles are derived from ____.

Answer 22

primary brain vesicles

Question 23

secondary brain vesicles of the prosencephalon (forebrain)

Answer 23

telencephalon

diencephalon

Question 24

secondary brain vesicles of the hindbrain (rhombencephalon)

Answer 24

metencephalon

myelencephalon

Question 25

midbrain's (mesencephalon) secondary vesicle is called

Answer 25

mesencephalon

Question 26

telencephalon becomes the ____.

Answer 26

cerebral cortex

Question 27

diencephalon becomes the ___.

Answer 27

thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 28

mesencephalon becomes the ___.

Answer 28

midbrain (stays midbrain)

Question 29

metencephalon becomes the ___.

Answer 29

cerebellum and pons

Question 30

referred to as the little brain

Answer 30

cerebellum

Question 31

myelencephalon becomes the ___.

Answer 31

medulla (medulla oblongata)

Question 32

structures on the brain stem

Answer 32

midbrain pons medulla

Question 33

dividing point between brainstem and spinal cord

Answer 33

foramen magnum

Question 34

above foramen magnum

Answer 34

brainstem

Question 35

below foramen magnum

Answer 35

spinal cord

Question 36

what overlies brainstem posteriorly?

Answer 36

cerebellum

Question 37

bulging part of brainstem

Answer 37

pons

Question 38

what controls our breathing and cardiovascular reflexes?

Answer 38

brainstem

Question 39

people have to go on artificial breathing (ventilator) if there is a compromise to this

Answer 39

brainstem

Question 40

covering over dorsal brainstem

Answer 40

tectum

Question 41

2 superior colliculi and 2 inferior colliculi make up ____.

Answer 41

corpora quadrigeminae

Question 42

tectum has four "bumps", what are they?

Answer 42

2 superior colliculi and 2 inferior colliculi

Question 43

structure associated with startle reflex

Answer 43

inferior colliculi

Question 44

superior colliculi is associated with what reflexes?

Answer 44

vision and vision responses (orientation to visual responses)

Question 45

what carries information between the brainstem and cerebellum?

Answer 45

peduncles

Question 46

3 pairs of cerebellar peduncles

Answer 46

superior, middle, inferior

Question 47

peduncles are a collection of _____.

Answer 47

axons

Question 48

dorsal columns of the medulla carry tactile information to brain, what 4 senses things are associated with it?

Answer 48

stereognosis 2 point discrimination kinesthesia vibration

Question 49

ability to hold something in hand and be able to tell shape without looking at it

Answer 49

stereognosis

Question 50

ability to tell the difference between 2 points close together on body

Answer 50

2 point discrimination

Question 51

ability to know where limbs are in space without looking at them

Answer 51

kinesthesia

Question 52

on medulla, the lines on bottom of the brainstem are called the ____.

Answer 52

dorsal columns

Question 53

dorsal columns associated with lower extremity and lower limbs

Answer 53

medial dorsal columns

Question 54

dorsal columns associated with upper extremity and upper limbs

Answer 54

lateral dorsal columns

Question 55

on right side of brain, peduncles aren't visible because what structure is covering it?

Answer 55

CEREBELLUM

Question 56

4th ventricle overlies the ___ and ___.

Answer 56

pons and medulla

Question 57

what is contained in the ventricles?

Answer 57

CSF

Question 58

4th ventricle cavity/depression is referred to as ___.

Answer 58

rhomboid fossa

Question 59

upper portion of rhomboid fossa overlies who structure?

Answer 59

pons

Question 60

lower portion of rhomboid fossa overlies who structure?

Answer 60

dorsal aspect of medulla

Question 61

clusters of axon on lateral side of midbrain is called ___,

Answer 61

cerebral peduncles

Question 62

what fibers do the cerebral peduncles carry?

Answer 62

fibers of the pyramidal motor system (voluntary motor)

Question 63

pyramidal motor system starts in the ___.

Answer 63

cerebral cortex