Gross Anatomy Review Questions

Question 1

What nerves supply the internal abdominal oblique muscle? What are their component fibers?

Answer 1

T12-L1 somatic fibers

Question 2

Which covering of the spermatic cord originates from the internal abdominal oblique muscle?

Answer 2

The cremaster muscle

Question 3

What was the function of the ligamentum teres in the embryo?

Answer 3

It’s the remnant of the fetal umbilical vein

Question 4

At what point on the large bowel are taenia coli first seen?

Answer 4

Ascending colon

Question 5

What blood vessels are contained within the transverse mesocolon?

Answer 5

Left colic and ______

Question 6

With which artery does the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery anastomose?

Answer 6

Inferior pancreticoduodenal artery

Both have anterior and posterior branches that hug the pancreas.

Question 7

The right gastroepiploic artery is a branch of what vessel? With what artery does it anastomose?

Answer 7

R gastoepiploic artery is a branch of gastroduodenal artery. It anastomoses with left gastroepiploic artery on the greater curvature of the stomach.

Question 8

What is the potential clinical significance of the inferior mesenteric vein in a patient with cirrhosis of the liver?

Answer 8

Varices

Question 9

The splenic artery originates from the ____.

Answer 9

Celiac trunk

Question 10

With what vessel does the left colic artery anastomose?

Answer 10

Left colic comes off of IMA and anastomoses with marginal artery

Question 11

What is the difference between the portal vein and an hepatic vein?

Answer 11

Hepatic drains to IVC

Portal vein drains to liver from SMV

Question 12

What is the clinical significance of the bare area of the liver?

Answer 12

This area of the liver is prone to infection bc it’s unprotected.

Question 13

The hepatic vein drains into the _____

Answer 13

IVC

Question 14

Is the quadrate lobe part of the right or left physiological lobe?

Answer 14

Left

Question 15

In which part of the duodenum is the major duodenal papilla found?

Answer 15

2nd part

Question 16

The common bile duct is formed by the union of the:

Near its termination, the common bile duct is joined by:

Answer 16

The common bile duct is formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct. Near its termination, it is usually joined by the pancreatic duct.

Question 17

What nerves synapse at the celiac ganglion/plexus?

Answer 17

The greater splanchnic nerves synapse at the celiac ganglion.

Question 18

What two veins usually drain into the left renal vein?

Answer 18

Left gonadal vein and left suprarenal veins

Question 19

What are the component fibers of the superior hypogastric plexus?

Answer 19

Sympathetics

visceral afferent to L1-L2

Question 20

The cisterna chyli is the site of origin of

Answer 20

thoracic duct

Question 21

The renal papilla drains into the:

Answer 21

Minor calyx

Question 22

What are the functions of genitofemoral nerve?

Answer 22

Motor to cremaster muscle

Sensory to medial thigh

Question 23

What types of fibers are contained within the lumbar splanchnic nerves?

Answer 23

Sympathetic fibers, preganglionic

The lumbar splanchnics synapse in the inferior mesenteric ganglion.

Question 24

What is the function of the cremaster muscle?

Answer 24

To control the temperature of the testes.

Question 25

What is the innervation of the cremaster muscle?

Answer 25

Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

Question 26

From which layer of the abdominal muscles is the inguinal ligament derived?

Answer 26

External oblique muscle

Question 27

What is the relationship of the inguinal ligament to the inguinal canal?

Answer 27

The inguinal ligament is the floor of the inguinal canal

Question 28

What areas does the ilioninguinal nerve supply in the male?

Answer 28

In the male - to the skin over the root of the penis and upper part of the scrotum.

Question 29

What areas does the ilioninguinal nerve supply in the female?

Answer 29

In the female - to the skin covering the mons pubis and labium majorum.

Question 30

What is the relationship of the ilioninguinal nerve to the spermatic cord and the superficial ring?

Answer 30

It travels through the superficial ring to join the spermatic cord after running the length of the ilioinguinal ligament.

Question 31

Which layers of the abdominal muscle join to form the conjoint tendon?

Answer 31

Internal oblique and transversus muscles

Question 32

What is the function of the conjoint tendon?

Answer 32

The conjoint tendon serves to protect what would otherwise be a weak point in the abdominal wall. A weakening of the conjoint tendon can precipitate a direct inguinal hernia. Reinforces superficial ring

Question 33

Into what vein does the testicular vein drain into on the left? On the right?

Answer 33

Right drains into IVC | Left drains into Left renal vein

Question 34

The lacunar ligament is a direct continuation of:

Answer 34

Inguinal ligament

Question 35

What is the function of the pampiniform plexus?

Answer 35

Venous drainage to testes | Keeps testes cool

Question 36

The veins that make up the pampiniform plexus eventually become:

Answer 36

Testicular vein

Question 37

Which nerve supplies the bulbospongiosus muscle?

Answer 37

The pudendal nerve supplies the bulbospongiosus muscle.

Question 38

What is the function of the bulbospongiosus muscle?

Answer 38

The function of the bulbospongiosus muscle is to aid in ejaculation by squeezing .

Question 39

The deep dorsal vein of the penis drains into:

Answer 39

Prostatic plexus

Question 40

From which artery does the dorsal artery of the penis branch?

Answer 40

Internal pudendal artery, which is a branch off of internal anterior

Question 41

What artery supplies the corpora cavernosa?

Answer 41

Cavernous artery, fed by the internal pudendal artery

Question 42

The inferior epigastric artery is a branch of:

Answer 42

External iliac artery

Question 43

With what artery does the inferior epigastric artery anastomose?

Answer 43

Superior epigastric artery

Question 44

What is the function of the seminal vesicles?

Answer 44

The seminal vesicles secrete a significant proportion of the fluid that ultimately becomes semen. Lipofuscin granules from dead epithelial cells give the secretion its yellowish color.

Question 45

Where do the ejaculatory ducts enter the prostatic urethra?

Answer 45

2 holes next to the utricle on the colliculus

Question 46

Where do the prostatic ducts enter the prostatic urethra?

Answer 46

There are lots of little prostatic ducts in the prostatic sinuses

Question 47

The ___1___ and ___2___ join to form the ejaculatory ducts.

Answer 47

Vas deferens (ampulla) and seminal vesicles

Question 48

What arteries are contained within the mesosalpinx?

Answer 48

Uterine and ovarian arteries

Question 49

Which vessels and nerves are contained within the suspensory ligament of the ovary?

Answer 49

Ovarian artery and vein

Question 50

What is the function of the round ligament of the uterus?

Answer 50

Keeps the uterus in an anterverted and anteflexed position

Question 51

The round ligament is a remnant of what structure in the embryo?

Answer 51

Gubernaculum

Question 52

Why is the posterior vaginal fornix clinically important?

Answer 52

It's where you can easily access the rectum, and do injections for whatever...

Question 53

Why is the ampulla of the uterine tube clinically important

Answer 53

It is the site of fertilization.

Question 54

What type of hernia passes lateral to the lacunar ligament?

Answer 54

Femoral hernia