Gross Brain, Brainstem, Spinal Cord

Question 1

Diencephalon contains?

Answer 1

• Thalamus

- Hypothalamus

Question 2

Mesencephalon contains?

Answer 2

• Midbrain

- Cerebral Aqueduct

Question 3

Telencephalon contains?

Answer 3

• Cerebral Hemisphere

- Lateral ventricle

Question 4

Metencephalon contains?

Answer 4

• Fourth ventricle (Upper)

- Pons

Question 5

Myelencephalon contains?

Answer 5

• Medulla

- Fourth ventricle (Lower)

Question 6

Telencephalon (cortical anatomy)

Answer 6

• Frontal
• Parietal
• Temporal
• Occipital
• Insular
• Gyrus: ridge
• Sulcus: groove
• Fissure: deeper groove

Question 7

Telencephalon (medial view)

- Integrates motor, sensory and helps both hemispheres communicate

Answer 7

Corpus Callosum

Question 8

Telencephalon: (Medial view)
- Motor and sensory of
contralateral lower extremity

Answer 8

Paracentral Lobule

Question 9

Telencephalon: (Medial view)

• Limbic
• Memory and learning

Answer 9

Cingulate gyrus

Question 10

Telencephalon: (Medial view)

Answer 10

Olfactory Nerve

Question 11

Frontal Lobe Functions

Answer 11

Personality, decision making, motor, speech

Question 12

Frontal Lobe
Frontal gyri: 
- Superior 
- Middle 
   - ?
- Inferior 
  - ?

Answer 12

• Superior
• Middle
  
  • Frontal eye fields
• Inferior
  • Pars Orbitalis
  • Pars Triangularis
  • Pars Opercularis

Question 13

Frontal Lobe
Precentral gyrus + Anterior paracentral gyru:
- ?

Answer 13

Precentral gyrus + Anterior paracentral gyru:

- Primary Motor cortex

Question 14

Somotopically organized to represent the cortical distribution of different body regions

Answer 14

Homunculus (Coronal section)

Question 15

Parietal Lobe Function

Answer 15

Sensory and association

Question 16

Parietal Lobe 
Parietal Lobule:
– Superior
– Inferior
    - ?

Answer 16

Parietal Lobule:
– Superior
– Inferior
        • Supramarginal gyrus + Angular gyrus
                 – Wernicke’s area

Question 17

Parietal Lobe

• Post central gyrus + Posterior paracentral gyrus
  - ?

Answer 17

Parietal Lobe

• Post central gyrus + Posterior paracentral gyrus
  - Primary somatosensory cortex

Question 18

Parietal lobe association area?

Answer 18

Primary somatosensory association area

Question 19

Temporal Lobe Functions

Answer 19

Processing and interpretation of auditory stimuli, memory, and organizing/comprehending language

Question 20

Temporal Lobe

• Temporal Gyri:
  
  • ?

Answer 20

Temporal Lobe

• Temporal Gyri:
  
  • Superior
  • Middle
  • Inferior

Question 21

Temporal Lobe

• Transverse temporal gyri:
  
  • ?

Answer 21

Temporal Lobe

• Transverse temporal gyri:
  
  • Primary auditory association cortex

Question 22

Occipital Lobe Function

Answer 22

Integrating and processing visual stimuli

Question 23

Insular Lobe Function

Answer 23

Unclear

Question 24

Insular Lobe

• Short and Long gyri
  
  • Caudal = ?
  • Rostral = ?

Answer 24

• Caudal = long

- Rostral = short

Question 25

What nerve is a part of the Diencephalon?

Answer 25

Optic Nerve

Question 26

Mesencephalon: Midbrain Contains : - ? - ? - ?

Answer 26

``` • Brainstem: – Mesencephalon • Rostral – Metencephalon – Myelencephalon • Oculomotor nerve • (Tricky) Trochlear nerve ```

Question 27

Spinal Cord (External Anatomy): • Spans from the ? to the ? • Attached laterally by denticulate ligaments and caudally by filum terminale

Answer 27

* Spans from the FORAMEN MAGNUM to the FIRST or SECOND LUMBAR VERTEBRA (adults) * Attached laterally by DENTICULATE LIGAMENTS and caudally by FILUM TERMINALE

Question 28

Regional Characteristics of the spinal cord - White matter: - ?

Answer 28

• White matter: – Anterior funiculus (A) – Lateral funiculus (L) – Posterior funiculus (P)

Question 29

Regional Characteristics of the spinal cord - Gray Matter: - ?

Answer 29

• Gray Matter: – Anterior horn – Posterior horn – Intermediate zone

Question 30

Regional Characteristics of the spinal cord - Cervical: - ?

Answer 30

• Cervical – Oval – Large AH and PH

Question 31

Regional Characteristics of the spinal cord | - Thoracic:

Answer 31

Thoracic: – Round – Small AH and PH

Question 32

Nucleus: Marginal Zone - Level: - Lamina: - Function:

Answer 32

- Level: All - Lamina: I - Function: Some spinothalamic tract cells

Question 33

Nucleus: Substantia gelatinosa - Level: - Lamina: - Function:

Answer 33

- Level: All - Lamina: II - Function: Modulate transmission of pain and temperature information

Question 34

Nucleus: Body of posterior horn - Level: - Lamina: - Function:

Answer 34

- Level: All - Lamina: III- VI - Function: Sensory processing

Question 35

Nucleus: Clarke & apos;s nucleus - Level: - Lamina: - Function:

Answer 35

- Level: T1-L2 - Lamina: VII - Function: Posterior spinocerebellar tract cells

Question 36

Nucleus: Intermediolateral column - Level: - Lamina: - Function:

Answer 36

- Level: T1-L3 - Lamina: VII - Function: Preganglionic sympathetic neurons

Question 37

Nucleus: Sacral parasympathetic nucleus - Level: - Lamina: - Function:

Answer 37

- Level: S2-S4 - Lamina: VII - Function: Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons → pelvic viscera

Question 38

Nucleus: Accessory nucleus - Level: - Lamina: - Function:

Answer 38

- Level: Medulla-C5 - Lamina: IX - Function: Motor neurons → sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

Question 39

Nucleus: Phrenic nucleus - Level: - Lamina: - Function:

Answer 39

- Level: C3-C5 - Lamina: IX - Function: Motor neurons → diaphragm