Gross brain, bs and sc

Question 1

What is the diencephalon made of?

Answer 1

cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon

Question 2

What is gray matter made of?

Answer 2

neuronal/glial cell bodies and dendrites

Question 3

What is white matter made of?

Answer 3

collection of axons, many with myelin

Question 4

What makes up the lateral surface of the frontal lobe?

Answer 4

precentral gyrus, superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri

Question 5

What houses the primary motor cortex?

Answer 5

precentral gyrus

Question 6

What is the function of the premotor and supplementary motor areas?

Answer 6

Planning and initiating voluntary movements

Question 7

What makes up Broca’s area?

Answer 7

opercular/triangular parts of inferior frontal gyrus

Question 8

Function of Broca’s area

Answer 8

Motor aspects of written and spoken language

Question 9

Function of prefrontal cortex

Answer 9

Executive functions, personality, decision making, insight and foresight.

Question 10

Function of primary somatosensory cortex?

Answer 10

processing of tactile and proprioceptive info and sensory localization

Question 11

Function of inferior parietal lobule

Answer 11

language comprehension

Question 12

Where is Wenicke’s area located?

Answer 12

posterior portion of superior temporal gyrus

Question 13

What is the temporal lobe composed of?

Answer 13

superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri

Question 14

What does the medial part of the temporal lobe do?

Answer 14

Learning and memory

Question 15

What is the inferior portion of the temporal lobe responsible for?

Answer 15

Higher order processing information

Question 16

Function of superior surface of superior temporal gyrus

Answer 16

primary auditory cortex

Question 17

Where is the primary visual cortex located?

Answer 17

Lateral surface of occipital gyri

Question 18

What is the function of the limbic lobe?

Answer 18

emotional responses, drive related behavior and memory

Question 19

What makes up the diencephalon?

Answer 19

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus

Question 20

Function of thalamus

Answer 20

relays info to cerebral cortex

Question 21

Function of hypothalamus

Answer 21

controls ans (visceral responses, temperature, limbic functions)

Question 22

What parts make up the midbrain?

Answer 22

tectum, superior and inferior colliculi ,paired cerebra peduncles

Question 23

What makes up the ponds?

Answer 23

basal pons, pontine tegmentum

Question 24

What makes up the medulla?

Answer 24

Rostral open portion, caudal closed portion

Question 25

Function of cerebellum

Answer 25

sensory information processing, influences motor neurons

Question 26

Damage to cerebellum leads to

Answer 26

equilibrium problems, postural control, problem with coordination of voluntary movements

Question 27

Anterior lobe of cerebellum does what?

Answer 27

Receives afferents from SC, coordinates trunk and limb movements

Question 28

Flocculonodular lobe function of cerebellum

Answer 28

receives afferents from vestibular system, helps control eye movements and postural adjustments

Question 29

posterior love function of cerebellum

Answer 29

afferents from cerebrum, coordinates voluntary movements

Question 30

Where do posterior rootlets enter the SC?

Answer 30

Through posterolateral sulcus

Question 31

Where do anterior rootlets leave the SC?

Answer 31

anterolateral sulcus

Question 32

What is the substantia gelatinosa?

Answer 32

region of gray matter that caps the posterior horn

Question 33

Function of body of posterior horn?

Answer 33

interneurons and projection neurons transmit somatic and visceral sensory info

Question 34

What fibers are in the substantia gelatinosa?

Answer 34

myelinated/unmyelinated sensory fibers relaying pain and temperature

Question 35

What is Lissauer's tract?

Answer 35

white matter in posterior horn between substantia gelatinosa and surface of SC

Question 36

What is lissauer's tract made of?

Answer 36

finely myelinated/unmyelinated fibers

Question 37

What cell bodies are in the anterior horn?

Answer 37

lower MNs, supply skeletal muscle

Question 38

What do the cell bodies of the anterior horn do??

Answer 38

provide control over body movements, both voluntary and involuntary

Question 39

What is Clark's nucleus?

Answer 39

Part of intermediate gray matter, collection of large cells on medial surface of base of posterior horn

Question 40

Clark's nucleus function?

Answer 40

role in sensory processing, treated as part of posterior horn

Question 41

What type of cells are in intermediate gray matter?

Answer 41

various projection neurons, sensory interneurons and interneurons that synapse on MN

Question 42

What is Lamina I

Answer 42

thin layer of gray matter covering substantia gelatinosa

Question 43

What is lamina II

Answer 43

is substantia gelatinosa

Question 44

What is Laminae III through VI

Answer 44

body of posterior horn

Question 45

What is Lamina VII

Answer 45

intermediate gray matter and also includes extensions into anterior horn

Question 46

What is lamina VIII

Answer 46

some of interneuron zones of anterior horn

Question 47

What is Lamina IX

Answer 47

clusters of motor neurons in anterior horn

Question 48

What is Lamina X

Answer 48

zone of gray matter surrounding the central canal

Question 49

What makes up the fasciculus cuneatus

Answer 49

axon fibers in posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway of SC

Question 50

Function of Fasciculus cuneatus

Answer 50

carries sensory info from arms

Question 51

What makes up fasciculus gracilis

Answer 51

axon fibers in posterior colun-medial lemniscus

Question 52

Function of fasciculus gracilis

Answer 52

carries sensory information from the middle thoracic and lower limbs

Question 53

Function of second-order nuerons

Answer 53

relay signals from primary afferents to a target in CNS, can cross midline

Question 54

Third order neuron function

Answer 54

relay message to specific final target in specific cortical areas

Question 55

What does white matter contain?

Answer 55

long descending tracts, long ascending tracts, and local axons

Question 56

Gray matter contains

Answer 56

motor neuron cell bodies, endings of incoming sensory axons, second order sensory cell bodies, endings of long descending tracts and local interneurons

Question 57

How do lower motor neurons leave the CNS?

Answer 57

do not cross midline.

Question 58

Where do lower motor neurons go?

Answer 58

Travel through peripheral nerves and end of ipsilateral muscle fibers

Question 59

What neurons can cross the midline?

Answer 59

second order and first order can too.

Question 60

How do lower motor neurons control voluntary movement?

Answer 60

Corticospinal tract

Question 61

Where are the corticospinal neurons located?

Answer 61

Distributed in precentral gyrus

Question 62

Do UMNs of corticospinal tract cross the midline?

Answer 62

Yas queen

Question 63

What happens if you damage one cerebral hemisphere?

Answer 63

Weakness in contralateral arm and leg.