Gross Motor & Postural Development Flashcards
(23 cards)
Prenatal development
- Fetus has spontaneous movement at 3 months
- Mother will feel fetus moving at 4 months
- Fetus is viable at 6 months
- Fetal position of flexion develops at 7-9 months
- Compacted space of womb allows fetus to develop strength and posture as it moves against resistance
Postural development: stage 1 prone
- Poor head control, rests head to one side
- Retracted shoulders
- Flexed knees and hips
- Weight bears through chest, shoulders, and face
Postural development: stage 1 supine
- Primarily flexion
- Weight bearing shifted to lateral head, trunk, and thigh
- Head is to one side
- Hips and knees flexed but abducted because of gravity
Postural development: stage 1 sitting
Total flexion forward due to decreased extension strength
Postural development: stage 2 prone
- Shoulders retracted
- BUEs flexed and abducted
- COG through chest and upper abdomen
- Emerging ability to extend neck, but not sustained
Postural development: stage 2 supine
- COG through head and upper trunk
- Unable to turn to side
- Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR): UE extends and head turns one way, opposite LE flexes and moves laterally
Postural development: stage 3 prone
- Neutral pelvis
- Emerging shoulder protraction
- COG is abdomen, chest, thighs
- Some forearm propping
- Dissociation of head and trunk allow for lateral trunk flexion and weight shift
Postural development: stage 3 supine
- Neutral pelvic tilt
- Hip abduction due to gravity
- ATNR inhibited: allows BUEs to move freely
- Shoulder protraction allows arms to come to midline
- Chin tucked, head in midline and can move freely w/o BLE involvement
Postural development: stage 3 sitting
Burst of extensor strength will thrust baby upward but may lead to falling backwards
Postural development: stage 4 prone
- Anterior pelvic tilt
- Weight bearing through forearms (prone on elbows)
- COG through pelvis, thighs, and lower abdomen
- Neck extension due to increased extensor strength in trunk and neck
- Unilateral kicking
Postural development: stage 4 supine
- Symmetrical posture present due to symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR): arms and neck either flex or extend, legs do the opposite
- BUEs flexed and adducted allows for sustained play in midline
- Dissociation of limbs from trunk
- Can flex legs unilaterally
Postural development: stage 4 sitting
Emerging ability to extend trunk and head, not using arms to prop yet
Postural development: stage 5 prone
- Anterior pelvic tilt
- Shoulder protracted, elbows extended, hands propped on floor (prone on extended UEs)
- Lumbar spine extension
- COG: thighs, pelvis, low abdomen
- Ability to pivot by weight-shifting on hands
- Rolling from prone to supine freely
Postural development: stage 5 supine
- Shoulders and UEs can freely move separate from trunk
- Can use hands to bring feet to mouth
- Crossing midline
Postural development: stage 5 sitting
Propped sitting with UEs due to increased strength through BUEs
Postural development: stage 6 prone
- Weight bearing in quadruped
- Rocking back and forth in quadruped (crawling–not creeping)
Postural development: stage 6 supine
- Free movement of pelvic and shoulder girdles
- Side lying position
- Can roll from supine to prone
Postural development: stage 6 sitting
Can sit independently without arm support due to increased trunk extensor strength
Head control
- Prone: lifts head (extends neck) to 45 degrees at 2 months; to 90 degrees at 4 months
- Supine: head in midline at 2 months; lifts (flexes neck) at 6 months
Rolling
- Prone to supine: without rotation (log roll) at 4-6 months; with rotation (segmentally) at 6-9 months
- Supine to prone: without rotation (log roll) at 5-7 months; with rotation (segmentally) at 6-9 months
Sitting
- Unsustained with arm support: 4-5 months
- Sustained with arm support: 5-6 months
- Unsustained without arm support: 6-7 months
- Sustained without arm support: 7-9 months
Mobility
- Crawling: 7-9 months
- Creeping: 9-11 months
- Cruising: 9-13 months
- Walking: 12-13 months
Gross motor milestone
- Throwing with one hand: 18 months
- Squatting: 18-24 months
- Standing on one leg: 18-24 months
- Kicking (stationary ball: 18-24 months, moving ball: 3 yrs)
- Running: 2 yrs
- Jumping: 2 yrs
- Climbing playground equipment: 3 yrs
- Riding/propelling a big wheel or tricycle/bike: 3 yrs
- Hopping on one foot: 4 yrs
- Catching with two hands: 4 yrs
- Skipping: 5 yrs
- Walking while carrying down stairs: 5 yrs
