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Neuro Quiz 1 > gross topography > Flashcards

gross topography Flashcards

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1
Q

where does the spinal cord end?

A

intervertebral disc between L1 and L2

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2
Q

what are the dorsolateral and ventrolateral sulci?

A

grooves on spinal cord the represent the point of entry of the dorsal roots and exit of the ventral roots respectively

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3
Q

what does the anterior median sulcus contain?

A

ventral
contains anterior spinal artery
in spinal cord

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4
Q

what is the dorsal median sulcus?

A

very shallow

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5
Q

what is an ascending tract?

A

carries information from body up the spinal cord to the brain - in dorsal columns in spinal cord

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6
Q

how are dorsal columns organized?

A

legs are on either side of dorsal median sulcus

separated from arms by intermediate dorsal sulcus

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7
Q

what do the dorsal columns convey?

A

vibratory sense, well-localized touch sensation, joint position sense

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8
Q

what are the three parts of the brainstem?

A

medulla
pons
midbrain

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9
Q

what is the primary fissure of the cerebellum?

A

deep fold that separates anterior lobe of cerebellum from the posterior lobe

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10
Q

what is the vermis?

A

medial part of the cerebellum

less prominent than the lateral portions

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11
Q

what are the hemispheres of the cerebellum?

A

lateral part

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12
Q

what is the flocculus?

A

two small lobes of cerebellum that are anterioinferior

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13
Q

what connects the cerebellum to the brainstem?

A

three white matter connections = peduncles

inferior cerebellar peduncle - cerebellum to dorsolateral side of medulla - appears as upward continuation from spinal cord
middle cerebellar peduncle - pons to cerebellum - large bulge in lateral side of brainstem
superior cerebellar peduncles - can’t see without removing cerebellum - cerebellum to midbrain

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14
Q

what are the gracile and cuneate tubercles?

A

two bumps on medulla on either side of the midline (totals 4 bumps)
gracile is medial, cuneate lateral
represent protuberances overlying nuclei associated with the ascending columns of the dorsal cord

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15
Q

what is the filum terminale interna?

A

continuation of the pia mater from teh end of the conus medullaris

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16
Q

what is contained in the dorsal funiculus?

A

dorsal columns

this is between the posterior median septum and the posterior intermediate septum

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17
Q

what is the central canal (in the spinal cord)?

A

in the connective region between the left and right grey matter
residual of the lumen of the neural tube

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18
Q

what type of neurons are in the ventral horn?

A

alpha motor neurons - give rise to the alpha fibers innervating muscle

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19
Q

what is the substantia gelatinosa?

A

most posterior portion of the dorsal horn

because of its appearance using stains for fibers

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20
Q

what is the tuber cinerium?

A

small prominence running along lateral sides of medulla

over band of trigeminal nerve fibers that run in lateral part of the brain stem

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21
Q

what is the inferior olivary nucleus?

A

large prominence on ventrolateral part of medulla

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22
Q

what is the postolivary sulcus? which nerves leave the brain from here?

A

groove located on dorsal side of inferior olive - on medulla

glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and vagus (CN X) nerves leave the brain here

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23
Q

what is the preolivary sulcus? which nerve would you see here?

A 
groove on ventral side of inferior olive on medualla 
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) leaves brain here
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24
Q

what are the medullary pyramids? what do they contain? what are they important for?

A

two long cords running along the length of the brainstem, medially and ventrally
contain bundles of nerve fibers that arise from the cerebral cortex and extend down to spinal cord
critically important for fine and skilled movement

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25
what is the pyramidal decussation?
where the medullary pyramids join (caudal) where most of the pyramidal nerve fibers cross the midline defines location of the cervical medullary junction
26
where is the 4th ventricle?
on the dorsal aspect of the brainstem | begins at middle of medulla and covers rostral medulla and pons
27
what is the obex?
caudal point of 4th ventricle (diamond) | where central canal of spinal cord opens into ventricular system
28
what is the stria medullaris?
crosses floor of 4th ventricle | defines division between medulla and pons
29
what is the sulcus limitans?
longitudinal groove lateral to the midline within 4th ventricle on the medulla and the pons
30
where is the hypoglossal trigone?
medial to sulcus limitans in the medulla | in 4th ventricle
31
where is the vagal trigone?
lateral to sulcus limitans in medulla | in 4th ventricle
32
where is the longitudinal groove?
midline of the 4th ventricle through the medulla and pons
33
where is the facial colliculus?
medial to the sulcus limitans in the pons | in 4th ventricle
34
where is the vestibular trigone?
in 4th ventricle on pons lateral to the sulcus limitans
35
where is the basal pons?
on the ventral side of the pons
36
what nerves exit the brainstem between the pons and the medulla?
medial to lateral: abducens facial nerve vestibulocochlear nerve
37
where does the vestibulocochlear nerve travel?
wraps around inferior peduncle with bulge = acoustic tubercle
38
what is the acoustic tubercle?
bulge in pons/medulla where vestibulcochlear nerve wraps around?
39
where does the trigeminal nerve travel?
passes through middle cerebellar peduncle
40
what are the cerebral peduncles?
very large bands of fibers on either side of the midline of the midbrain contain most of the nerve fibers leaving the cerebral cortex heading for the brain stem or spinal cord
41
what is the interpeduncular fossa? what nerve would you expect to see here?
``` impression between the cerebral peduncles in the midbrain occulomotor nerve (CN III) leaves brain here ```
42
what are the corpora quadragemina?
four bumps on the surface of the midbrain | consist of the inferior and superior colliculi
43
what are the inferior colliculi? what process are they important for?
two caudal bumps of the corpora quadragemina on surface of midbrain deal with hearing
44
what are the superior colliculi? what processes are they important for?
two rostral bumps of the corpora quadragemina on surface of midbrain involved in control of eye movement, reflex responses to visual signals and loud sounds
45
what is the tectum?
another word for the combination of superior and inferior colliculi
46
what is the brachium of the inferior colliculi?
runs rostrally to inferior colliculi on the lateral side of the midbrain - ends in medial geniculate
47
where is the medial geniculate?
at lateral end of the brachium of the inferior colliculi | in midbrain
48
what is the brachium of the suprior colliculi?
runs rostrally to superior colliculi on the lateral side of the midbrain - ends in lateral geniculate
49
where is the lateral geniculate
at lateral end of the brachium of the superior colliculi | in midbrain
50
where is the diencephalon?
``` rostral to the midbrain consists of: - hypothalamus - dorsal thalamus (thalamus) - epithalamus ```
51
where are the mammillary bodies?
portion of hypothalamus (of diencephalon) | visible from caudal end
52
where is the infundibulum?
ventral to mammillary bodies | part of hypothalamus (of diencephalon)
53
where is the laminal terminalis?
part of hypothalamus | ventral to mammillary bodies
54
what comprises the stalk of the pituitary?
infundibulum and lamina terminalis
55
what is the median eminence/tubercinerium? what is it important for?
bump on infundibulum | critical for neuroendocrine control
56
what does the epithalamus consist of?
pineal gland and habenular nuclei | part of diencephalon
57
what is the hypothalamic sulcus?
shallow groove that runs from anterior to posterior along the wall of the third ventricle
58
where is the hypothalamus?
in the diencephalon, caudal to hypothalamic sulcus
59
where is the massa intermedia/thalamic adhesion?
connection between the two thalami - in third ventricle
60
where is the stria medullaris thalami?
ridge running from anterior to posterior along the dorsal side of the thalamus can be traced back to the habenullar nuceli
61
what is the thalamus important for?
relay site for most of the sensory information including vision and hearing, general somatic sensation
62
where are the medial and lateral geniculi?
prominences on the dorsal aspect of thalamus just rostral to colliculi of brainstem chief sites of relay of auditory (MGN) and visual (LGN) info from cerebral cortex
63
what does the telencephalon consist of?
cerebral hemispheres and basal ganglia
64
where is the lateral/sylvian fissure?
between the parietal and temporal lobes - visible externaly
65
where is the insula?
if you peel back the temporal lobe gyri aka isle of reil
66
where is the calcarine sulcus?
from posterior tip of occipital lobe anterior toward parietal lobe can see in midline cut gyri on either side receive visual info from LGN
67
what is the rostrum?
rostral most portion of the corpus collosum
68
what is the splenium?
dorsal most portion of corpus collosum
69
what is the genu?
bend in the corpus collosum that connects the rostrum to the body
70
where is the cingulate gyrus?
follows corpus collosum along dorsal surface
71
where is the subcallosal region?
directly below rostrum of corpus callosum | in temporal lobe
72
what is the septum pellucidum?
thin membrane in midline that separates the two lateral ventricles
73
what is the fornix?
at posterior most portion of septum pellucidum thickened band tract that follows lateral ventrical posteriorward and lateralward into temporal lobe at rostral portion, swings ventralward toward hypothalamus
74
where and what is the anterior commissure?
near rostral end of fornix above hypothalamus tract connecting the two sides of the brain
75
what is the interventricular foramen of monroe?
where CSF from lateral ventricle can enter the third ventricle right behind anterior commissure ventral to fornix choroid plexus extends through it sometimes
76
what comprises the floor of the lateral ventricle?
the dorsal surface of the thalamus and the caudate nucleus
77
where is the stria terminalis?
thin band of fibers in groove between lateral edge of the thalamus and the head of the caudate
78
where are the transverse gyri (of Heschl)?
on the superior aspect of the temporal lobe - run into the depths of the lateral fissure

Neuro Quiz 1 (12 decks)

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