Group 1 Flashcards by CYRELL JAY BROSAS

“Know thyself”

Ancient Greek Aphorism

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-Made famous by WIlliam James
-the self is what happens when “I”
reflects back upon “Me.”
The self is both the I and the
Me—it is the knower, and it is
what the knower knows when the
knower reflects upon itself

Reflexivity

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the self is what happens when “__”
reflects back upon “__.”

I and Me

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The ____ is both the I and the
Me—it is the knower, and it is
what the knower knows when the
knower reflects upon itself

Self

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Three psychological categories

•Social actor
•Motivated agent
•Autobiographical author

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enacts roles and displays traits by performing behaviors in the
presence of others.

Social actor

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acts upon inner desires and formulates goals, values, and plans to
guide behavior in the future.

Motivated agent

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who takes stock of life — past, present, and future — to create a story about who I am, how I came to be, and where my life may be going.

Autobiographical author

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a collective understanding of the way the world works, shared by members of a group and passed down from one generation to the next

CULTURE

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TWO PATTERNS OF CULTURE

•Individualism
•Collectivism

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a community that prioritizes the individual over the collective
group

Individualism

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a community that prioritizes the group over the individual

Collectivism

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People are unique; some distinguish themselves and enjoy higher status

Vertical:Individualist

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People emphasize their connectedness and must do their
duty; some enjoy other status

Vertical:Collectivist

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People are unique; most people have same status

Horizontal:Individualist

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People emphasize their connectedness and work toward their common goal; most people have same status

Horizontal: Collectivist

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the process through which
people learn to be proficient
members of a society

Socialization

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● “Delocalized” self
●
“The struggle for one’s identity is possible in the modern society through the replacement of religio-theological
traditions by rational and scientific calculations.” - Clifford Geertz (1972)

The Self as a Product of
Modern Society among Others

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“The struggle for one’s identity is possible in the modern society through the replacement of religio-theological traditions by rational and scientific calculations.”

Clifford Geertz (1972)

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Problems of Modernization

•The newfound freedom threatens the very authenticity of the self.
•Alienation (Marx) - humans being hunted by the very images they have created.
•Objectification of the body.
•Dehumanization of the self.

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To discover the “true” and authentic part of yourself to realize your potentials, there is a need to abolish ________.

repressive social constraints.

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“In modern society, the attainment and
stability of self-identities is freely chosen;
not strictly limited with traditions and customs. In postmodern society, self-identity change due to the demands of multitude of social context, new
information technology, and globalization.”

Post-Modern View of the Self

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“In modern society, the attainment and
stability of self-identities is freely chosen;
not strictly limited with traditions and
customs. In postmodern society, self-identity change due to the demands of multitude of social context, new
information technology, and globalization.”

Gerry Lanuza

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Manifestations of “digitalized” self according to N. Green:

Information technology dislocates the self, thus it is “digitalized” in cyberspace.
Global migration produces multicultural identities.
Post-modern selves are “pluralized” selves.

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1. Information technology dislocates the self, thus it is “_____” in cyberspace.

Digitalized

________ produces multicultural identities.

Global migration

Post-modern selves are “______” selves.

Pluralized

Individual achieve self-identity through prestige symbols and we consume goods that will give us a feeling of goodness instead of choosing our needs.

Concept from Jean Baudrillard

● Self is made through socialization but it is not entirely to blame for how you define yourself. ● We construct ourselves based on our social roles through socialization agents such as family, school, community, etc.

Social Construction of the Self

● Self is made through _______ but it is not entirely to blame for how you define yourself.

socialization

● We construct ourselves based on our social roles through socialization agents such as _______, _____, _______ etc.

family, school, community, etc.

● Memories play an essential role in creating our identity which affects our social transformation. ● Self-creation through “imagined communities”. ● Racial and ethnic identities serve as challenge of creating self-identity, since it is necessarily grounded on collective solidarities.

Self-Creation, Collective Identity, and the Struggle for Cultural Recognition

_______ play an essential role in creating our identity which affects our social transformation.

Memories

Factors Affecting Societal Perspective

•Age •Gender •Influence

Society tends to respect elders due to their experience and the society we live in are built by them.

Age

The ability of what and what you cannot do based on your gender also is a factor in societal perspective.

Gender

People tend to get close or follow you based on what you can do or the influence you held within society.

Influence

Factors Affecting Societal Perspective

•Intelligence •Socioeconomic Status •Beauty

In some academic institutions, society tend to be favorable to those who are book-smart.

Intelligence

Money gets respected in a lot of aspect in society. The more money you have the more they respect you.

Socioeconomic Status

Society tends better to those who are pleasant in the eyes. This stereotype is also known as “Pretty Privilege”

Beauty

people value their own personal and social worth by assessing how they compare to others (Festinger, 1954).

Social Comparison

Occurs when people compare themselves to someone they perceive to be superior (Wheeler, 1966) Positive Effects: Hope and Inspiration Negative Effects: Dissatisfaction and Envy Frog-Pond Effect - Individuals evaluate themselves as worse than they actually are when in a group of higher-performing individuals.

Upward Social Comparison

Upward Social Comparison Positive Effects:_____ Negative Effects:_____

Positive Effects: Hope and Inspiration Negative Effects: Dissatisfaction and Envy

Upward Social Comparison Individuals evaluate themselves as worse than they actually are when in a group of higher-performing individuals.

Frog-Pond Effect

Defined by making a comparison with someone perceived to be inferior (Wills, 1981). Positive Effects: Gratitude Negative Effects: Scorn Dunning-Kruger Effect - people with low ability, expertise, or experience regarding a certain type of task or area of knowledge tend to overestimate their ability or knowledge.

Downward Social Comparison

Downward Social Comparison Positive Effects:_____ Negative Effects:_____

Positive Effects: Gratitude Negative Effects: Scorn

Downward Social Comparison people with low ability, expertise, or experience regarding a certain type of task or area of knowledge tend to overestimate their ability or knowledge.

Dunning-Kruger Effect

- Are the stable features of a society or culture. - Serve as a collection of resources with knowledge, skills, and values.

Social Institutions

Governments are important social institutions responsible for setting rules and enforcing them to define how individuals integrate into society.

Social Institution: - Government

● prepares students to contribute to society and have a productive future it also helps to socialize children and young adults by teaching them the norms, values, and beliefs of their culture. ● provides people with the skills and knowledge they need to function in society.

Social Institution: - School/Education

can be considered a reflection of the need to establish norms, values, and morals as well as the need to belong to a social institution.

Social Institution: - Religion

The first agents of socialization. Mothers and fathers, siblings and grandparents, plus members of an extended family, all teach a child what he or she needs to know.

Other agents of socialization: - Family

made up of people who are similar in age/social status and who share interests. Peer group socialization begins in the earliest years.

Other agents of socialization: - Peer Group

Mass media distribute impersonal information to a wide audience, via television, newspapers, radio, and the Internet. Media contributes to socialization by inundating us with messages about norms and expectations.

Other agents of socialization: - Mass Media

Both can provide individuals with sense of identity.

Education vs Religion

Education provide individuals with knowledge and skills. Which then can help shape a sense of self efficiency and competency.

Education vs Religion: -Education

provide individuals with a sense through values, beliefs, that shape sense of purpose and belonging

Education vs Religion: -Religion

Family vs. Government -Both of them provide sense of security

Family vs. Government

provide emotional support, attachment with can contribute to the sense of self worth and belonging.

Family vs. Government: -Family

provide legal rights, social programs, policies which can contribute to an individual’s sense of citizenship and social responsibility.

Family vs. Government -Government

the process by which people build their sense of self on how they think others perceive them. People utilize social interaction as a kind of mirror, measuring their own worth, values, and behavior against that of others.

looking-glass self

LOOKING-GLASS SELF

CHARLES HORTON COOLEY

three-step process of the looking-glass self

1.) People imagine how they look in the eyes of others 2.) People imagine how others judge them 3.) People develop feelings and responses based on the received judgements

Social interactions shape how people perceive themselves. Therefore, people do not naturally possess the idea of themselves. Instead, it grows as a person interacts with others through social experiences and interactions throughout their life. The "me" and the "I" refer to how one's identity is shaped by others and how one reacts to this external influence. These concepts are fundamental to one's sense of self. Language, play, and games help people strengthen and develop their sense of self.

THE SOCIAL SELF

shape how people perceive themselves. Therefore, people do not naturally possess the idea of themselves. Instead, it grows as a person interacts with others through social experiences and interactions throughout their life.

Social interactions

The ____ and _____ refer to how one's identity is shaped by others and how one reacts to this external influence. These concepts are fundamental to one's sense of self.

me" and the "I"

help people strengthen and develop their sense of self.

•Language •Play •games

three distinct stages of self development Mead suggested.

1.) Preparatory / Language Stage 2.) Play Stage 3.) Game Stage

Preparatory / Language Stage

Imitation

Play Stage

Pretend play

Game Stage

Generalized Other

The socialized aspect of an individual that represents learned behaviors , attitudes and expectations and of society

The “Me”

Represents the individual’s identity in response to the “me”

The “ I “

THE SOCIAL SELF

GEORGE HERBERT MEAD

DRAMATURGY

Erving Goffman

The belief that individuals are actors in a play that lasts for a lifetime.

DRAMATURGY

•believed that we are thrown onto the stage of everyday life when we are born, and part of our socialization is learning how to play the roles that have been assigned to us from other people. • In the presence of others, we play out our parts as they play out their parts in interaction with us. •He had the view that everything we do is a performance on the stage of life.

Erving Goffman

Concepts of Self

Front stage self Back stage Self

Actions are those that are visible to the audience and are part of the performance

Front stage self

Actions that are not visible to the audience and free of expectations and the norms

Back stage Self

•also called self-presentation involves the processes by which people control how they are perceived by others. •People are more motivated to control how others perceived them when they believe that their public images are relevant to the attainment of desired goals.

Impression Management

Group 1 Flashcards

(82 cards)