GROUP 1 ELEMENTS Flashcards
1
Q
It is a tabular display of the
chemical elements
A
A periodic table
2
Q
Father of Modern Chemistry
* List 33 chemical elements (Oxygen, Sulfur
and Hydrogen)
A
Antoine Lavoiser
3
Q
Law of Triads (Dobereiner’s triad) –
related properties
A
Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner
4
Q
*Gmelin System - he had identified ten
triads, three groups of four, and one
group of five.
A
Leopold Gmelin
5
Q
describing relationships between various
groups of metals.
A
Jean-Baptiste Dumas
6
Q
Ability of Carbon to bond other 4 elements. (Concept
of Benzene)
* Founder of theory of chemical structure
A
August Kekule
7
Q
Law of Octaves
* Arrange the elements according to atomic number
but slightly differ from modern P.T.
A
John Newlands
8
Q
Published periodic table
A
Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev and Juliu Lothar Meyer
9
Q
He published modern Periodic table
A
Henry Mosley
10
Q
Periods & Groups
A
The periodic table has a total of 7
periods and 18 groups.
11
Q
are referred to as representative
elements (s and p block)
A
Groups A
12
Q
are transition elements (d and p
block)
A
Groups B
13
Q
elements include Actinides
and lanthanides series ( f block)
A
Inner transition
14
Q
MOST REACTIVE GROUP
A
GROUP 1A
AKALI-METALS
15
Q
Don’t occur free in nature
Salt soluble
* Valence electron: 1
* Activity ⬆with atomic number
* Alkalinity ⬆with atomic number
* Degree of solvation ⬇ with atomic number
A
GROUP 1A
AKALI-METALS
16
Q
- By Henry Cavendish (1766)
- Aka: “inflammable air”
- Lightest and Most abundant element
- Cation: monovalent or hydronium; Anion: hydride
- Preparation: LANE PROCESS & MESSERSCHMIDT
PROCESS: 99% PURE HYDROGEN
A
HYDROGEN
17
Q
1H-most abundant; PROTIUM
* 2H-heavy hydrogen; DEUTERIUM
* 3H-radioactive: TRITIUM
A
Isotopes:
18
Q
Greek word, lithos means stone.
“Earth Stone” * Discoverer: J.A. Arfvedson
* Lightest metal on Earth
A
LITHIUM
19
Q
Heat exchanger in air condition
LiBr
- antidepressant
Li
2CO
3
(Lithase®)
– DOC for
Bipolar Disorder
LiD (Deuterium)
– used in
Hydrogen bombs
Diuretic
A
LITHIUM
19
Q
Quilonium-R
* Lithane
* Eskalith
* Indication: Bipolar
disorder
Relationship with Na?
* Component of Lithia
water
A
- Lithium carbonate
20
Q
Flux in ceramic glazes
A
Lithium Oxide
21
Q
Manufacture of ceramics
A
Lithium Fluoride
22
Q
Cosmetics, in plastics, and as a
lubricant in powder metallurgy
A
Lithium stearate
23
Q
Manufacture of mineral water, esp.
Lithiawater
A
Lithium Chloride
24
Reducing agent, esp. In
pharmaceutical and perfume
manufacturing
Lithium Aluminum
Hydroxide
25
Absorb carbon dioxide, esp. In
spacesuits
Lithium Hydroxide
26
Bicarbonated drinks
Lithium Citrate
27
4th most abundant element in Earth
* the cation of choice to optimize the
pharmaceutical utility of organic
medicaments (therapeutic action due to
anion, except NaCl)
* Most abundant extracellular fluid cation
SODIUM (Natrium)
28
* Urinary and systemic alkalizer
* Diuretic
* Antacid
SODIUM ACETATE
29
Zinc uranyl acetate (ZnUO2(CH3COO)4)
* Mg uranyl acetate (MgUO2(CH3COO)4)
* Cobalt uranyl acetate
SODIUM ACETATE
30
Baking soda
* Systemic antacid
* Carbonating agent
SODIUM BICARBONATE
31
HCO3 - 2
nd major extracellular anion
* Side effects:
* Systemic alkalosis
* Rebound hyperacidity
* Edema
SODIUM BICARBONATE
32
primary standard for acid-base
titrations
* manufacture of “soda lime glass”
* Preparation: SOLVAY PROCESS
* Efflorescence: loss of water of
crystallization
SODIUM CARBONATE
33
Decahydrate is washing soda, sal
soda, soda crystal
* Sesquihydrate is trona, urao
* Anhydrous is soda ash, calcined
soda
SODIUM CARBONATE
34
Fleet enema (Rectal)
* Cathartic
* Source of P or phosphate
* Urinary acidifier
SODIUM
DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE
35
Na metabisulfite
* Na2S2O5
* sodium
pyrosulfite
* Water soluble
anti-oxidant
(REDUCING
AGENT)
SODIUM
DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE
36
rock salt, halite, table salt, Soler
salt
SODIUM CHLORIDE
37
Electrolyte replenisher (NSS,
Lactated Ringer’s soln.)
* Tonicity adjuster
* Condiments
* Preservative
* Antidote for Silver poisoning
SODIUM CHLORIDE
38
Alkalizer
* buffer
* diuretic
* Expectorant
* Sequestering agent (Benedict’s rgt)
* Anticoagulant in vitro (Sodium citrate
is the ANTICOAGULANT OF CHOICE for
most routine coagulation studies (Harr,
2007)
* Pro-coagulant in vivo
SODIUM CITRATE
39
FIRST fluoride
compound used in
water fluoridation
* Anticariogenic (2%
solution)
* Stimulator of bone
formation
SODIUM FLUORIDE
40
caustic soda; sosa; Lye;
Saponifying agent
* Titrant for acids
* Component of soda lime
(Ca(OH)2; NaOH, KOH) → CO2
absorber
* Very deliquescent substance
* Readily attack glass
SODIUM HYDROXIDE
41
Dakin’s solution; Chlorox (5%
NaClO)
* Daikin’s Solution: Modified Dakin’s
Solution is Diluted NaClO solution,
NF
* Used as irrigant
* Labarraque’s Solution: oxidizing
and bleaching agent
* Disinfectant
* Bleaching agent
SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE
42
Solubilizer of iodine
* Expectorant
* Antifungal
* Treatment of goiter
SODIUM IODIDE
43
Antacid (management of
acidosis)
* Diuretic
SODIUM LACTATE
44
Salitre (in Philippine market)
* Vasodilator
* Preservative
* Treatment of cyanide poisoning
* CN- higher affinity than Heme
to Hgb
* NaNO2 is highly correlated to
brain tumors, and digestive tract
cancer (Pszezola, 1998) due to
nitrosamine production
SODIUM NITRITE
45
CLINICAL CORRELATION
* CN Poisoning
* NaNO2
* Amyl nitrite
* Sodium thiosulfate
* Others:
* Methylene blue
* Hydroxocobalamin
SODIUM NITRITE
46
Chile Saltpeter
* Fertilizer (believed to be
the oldest known inorganic
fertilizer)
* Manufacture of explosive
* Guggenheim process →
extraction process from ore
SODIUM NITRATE
47
* Lunge test – (+) blue color
at interface of 2 liquids
* Giess-Ilosvay – (+) red
color
SODIUM NITRATE
48
Glauber’ssalt
* Sal mirabile
* Saline cathartic
* Production of detergents
and paper pulping
* SODIUM SULFATE
49
primary standard of KFR
for water content
determination
* (+) K → Rochelle salt
* SODIUM TARTRATE
50
Hypotensive agent
SODIUM THIOCYANATE
51
photographer’s hypo;
prismatic rice
* Chemical antidote in cyanide
poisoning
* Management of iodine
toxicity (converts iodine to
harmless iodide) →
Treatment of iodism: NaCl
SODIUM THIOSULFATE
52
Cellulose sodium
phosphate: binds with
calcium
* Ion exchangers
53
tx of
hyperkalemia due to acute
kidney infection
Sodium polystyrene
sulfonate
54
AKA: kalium, potash
* Most abundant and
predominant
INTRACELLULAR CATION
* Deficiency: Hypokalemia →
paralysis
* Toxicity: Hyperkalemia →
cardiac arrest
POTASSIUM
55
Potassium gives glass brown
and light resistant
* MnO2: masks blue-green color
* Boron/ Borates: decreases the
coefficient of expansion
* Pb: increase refractive index
POTASSIUM
56
Diuretic; muscle contraction
POTASSIUM
57
Cathartic
POTASSIUM DIHYROGEN
PHOSPHATE
58
Kalium durules®
* Electrolyte replenisher
(slow IV drip)
* Source of potassium
* IMPORTANT NOTE: Never
give by rapid IV push
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
59
* Oral glucose and
electrolyte solution
* KCl
* NaCl
* Na lactate
* Water for injection
* DARROW’S SOLUTION
60
diuretic
* expectorant
* diaphoretic
POTASSIUM CITRATE
61
caustic potash, lye potash
* Saponifying agent
“Saponification value”
* Hard soap was made
using soda; soft soap with
potash.
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE
62
* Depressant
* Additives in bread
POTASSIUM BROMIDE
63
Same as sodium iodide
* Expectorant
* Component of many reagents
POTASSIUM IODIDE
64
Iodine-Potassium Iodide
WAGNER'S
65
Potassium
Mercuric Iodide
MAYER’S /VALSER’S
REAGENT
66
Potassium
Iodide + Bismuth Nitrate
DRAGENDORFF’S/
KRAUTS RGT
67
(K2Sx.K2S2O3)
* liver of sulfur
* Heparis sulfur
* Preparation of white lotion
* Use to treat acne and
parasitic infections
* With zinc sulfate →
antipsoriasis
SULFURATED POTASH
68
Oxidizing agent
* Use in fireworks
* Component of gargle and
mouthwashes
POTASSIUM CHLORATE
69
salt peter, salitre, sal prunelle
* Diuretic
* Meat preservative
POTASSIUM NITRATE
70
Mineral chameleon
* Oxidizing agent
* Antiseptic (1:5000)
* VS in permanganometry
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
71
* KMnO4 → valence of
Manganese?
* In Permanganometry, what
indicator?
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
72
* Rochelle salt
* Sal signette
* cathartic
* sequestering agent
* Citrate vs Tartrate: Denige’s
reagent
POTASSIUM SODIUM
TARTRATE
73
Hypotensive
POTASSIUM THIOCYNATE
74
* “THE ONLY INSOLUBLE
POTASSIUM SALT”
* Cream of tartar
* Creamor
* Cathartic
POTASSIUM BITARTRTATE
75
* ONLY HYPOTHETICAL
alkali metal
* Preparation: Haber Process
* Pcol action:
* Diuretic
* Buffer
* Expectorant
* Anti-cariogenic
AMMONIUM
76
* spirit of Minderesus
* Styptic
AMMONIUM ACETATE
77
* Muriate of Hartshorn
* Urinary acidifier
* Diuretic
* expectorant
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
78
* Sal volatile
* Hartshorn
* Preston salt
* baker’s ammonia
AMMONIUM CARBONATE
79
* Expectorant (ammonium)
* antacid (carbonate)
* respiratory stimulant
AMMONIUM CARBONATE
80
* HgNH2Cl
* WHITE PRECIPITATE
* Topical anti-infective
AMMONIATED MERCURY
81
* Source of iodine
* Expectorant
* Antifungal
* AMMONIUM IODIDE
82
* Degree Baume
* 10% NH3
16 DEGREES AMMONIA
83
* Catalyst in
polymerization of resin
forming material
* First element
discovered using
spectroscope
* Spectral line:
* Cesium: blue
* Rubidum: red
CESIUM
84
Can occur in free metal state
Complexes / chelates
Very malleable
Easy to recover from ore
GROUP 1B
COINAGE
METALS
85
* Syn: Cuprum
* Only reddish metal
* 3
rd most malleable metal
* 2
nd best conductor
* Component of HEMOCYANIN
(respiratory pigment) and
cytochrome oxidase
COPPER
86
* 2 important of alloys:
* Brass: Cu +Zn
* Bronze: Cu + Sn
* Pharmacologic actions:
* Protein precipitant
* Enhances physiological
utilization of iron
* Toxicity: Wilson’s disease
(Antidote: penicillamine)
COPPER
87
* CuSO4.5H2O
* blue vitriol, blue stone, Roman vitriol,
Salzburg vitriol
CUPRIC SULFATE
88
* Component of Benedict’s, Barfoed’s
and Fehling’s ingredient
* Antidote for Phosphorous
poisoning
* Ingredient of Bordeaux mixture
CUPRIC SULFATE
89
* Cu3(AsO3)2.Cu(C2H3O)2
* Paris Green (Insecticide)
COPPER ACETOARESENATE
90
* Hatchett’s brown
* Antringent (8%)
CUPROUS
CITRATE
91
“Scheele’s green”
CUPRIC
HYDROGEN
ARSENITE
92
* Aka: argentum, shining, bright
* Oligodynamic property (germicidal
action)
* Protein ppt
* Best conductor of electricity
* 2
nd malleable metal
* Toxicity: argyria
* Antidote: NSS
SILVER
93
* Lapiz infernulariz, lunar
caustic, indelible ink,
caustic pencil
* Treatment of warts
* Eye antiseptic for newborn
babies of mother with
gonorrhea
* Wet dressing for 3rd degree
burn at 0.5%
* SILVER NITRATE
94
* Ag(NH3)2NO3
* Howe’s solution
* Dental protective
* Desensitizing
agent
* Tollen’s rgt
AMMONIACAL
SILVER NITRATE
95
* Aka: Aurum, shining dawn,
KING OF ALL METALS
* Most malleable and ductile
* 3rdbest conductor of
electricity
* Dissolved by:
* Aqua regia (Royal Water)
* Selenic acid (H2SeO4) > the
only SINGLE acid that can
dissolve gold
GOLD
95
* Aka: Aurum, shining dawn,
KING OF ALL METALS
* Most malleable and ductile
* 3rdbest conductor of
electricity
* Dissolved by:
* Aqua regia (Royal Water)
* Selenic acid (H2SeO4) > the
only SINGLE acid that can
dissolve gold
GOLD
