GROUP Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is a group?
Two or more people, in face-to-face interaction, each aware of their group membership and interdependence, as they strive to achieve their goals.
How do groups differ from aggregations?
Aggregations are collections of organisms in one location with no obvious social structure or organization, possessing only a minimum of shared purpose or interdependence.
What are the three conditions that define a group?
- The relations among the members are independent
- Each member’s behaviour influences the behaviour of each of the others
- The members share an ideology
What is a primary group?
A group characterized by intimate face-to-face relationships and maximum ‘we feeling’, such as family or play groups.
What differentiates secondary groups from primary groups?
Secondary groups are characterized by anonymous, impersonal, and instrumental relationships.
What is a formal group?
A group formed based on specific norms, rules, and values, such as a classroom of students.
What defines an informal group?
An informal group is characterized by flexible rules and a lack of formal structure, such as play groups or social clubs.
What is the difference between in-group and out-group?
In-group refers to a group where members identify themselves and share common interests, while out-group consists of those considered outsiders.
What is group antagonism?
A situation where members of an in-group adopt negative attitudes towards members of an out-group.
Define stereotype.
The attribution of general psychological characters to large human groups, often involving fixed ideas about individuals or social statuses.
How do stereotypes impact self-esteem?
Internalization of negative stereotypes may lead individuals to believe they are not good enough, affecting their self-esteem.
What is prejudice?
An affective feeling towards a person based on their perceived group membership.
What are old-fashioned and symbolic racism?
- Old-fashioned racism: Enforced racial segregation and discrimination based on negative stereotypes
- Symbolic racism: A belief system denying serious obstacles to racial minorities and attributing their disadvantages to personal failures.
What is aversive racism?
A conflict between the denial of personal prejudiced beliefs and underlying negative feelings about a race, associated with discomfort and avoidance.
What is discrimination?
The unfair or prejudicial treatment of individuals or groups based on characteristics such as race, gender, age, or sexual orientation.
What are microaggressions?
Verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities that communicate negative slights and insults toward members of oppressed groups.
What is the Realistic Group Conflict Theory?
It posits that group antagonism is inevitable due to real competition between groups over power and resources.
What is the Authoritarian Personality Theory?
It suggests that prejudice is associated with a particular personality type that is conformist and hostile towards those perceived as different.
What does Social Identity Theory state?
- People categorize the world into in-groups and out-groups
- People derive self-esteem from their social identity of an in-group
- Self-concepts depend on evaluations of in-groups compared to out-groups.
What is the Sense of Group Position Theory?
It proposes that dominant groups derive their sense of superiority from beliefs about their own status and perceptions of subordinate groups.
What is Social Dominance Theory?
It describes the desire of in-groups to maintain dominance over out-groups, with mechanisms like benevolent paternalism and legitimizing myths.
What is Contact Theory?
The theory that prejudice can be reduced through appropriate contact with members of a social group, requiring cooperation and equal status.
Fill in the blank: Displacement is a defense mechanism in which a person redirects an emotional reaction from the rightful recipient onto another person or _______.
[object]
What are the three types of microaggressions?
- Microassaults
- Microinsults
- Microinvalidations
