GROUP 3 & 4 Flashcards
(161 cards)
1
Q
- fundamental character trait taught in character education
- involves working together with others towards a common goal
A
Cooperation
Benefits:
a. critical thinking, communication, and conflict resolution skills
b. build a sense of community and belonging,
c. contributing to a positive classroom environment
2
Q
is the ethical component of the personality and provides the moral standards by which the ego operates.
A
Superego
3
Q
It encompasses environmental, economic, and social dimensions, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a balance in resource use.
A
Sustainability
4
Q
is characterized by the idea that rules come from authority figures in one’s life, such as parents, teachers, and God.
A
Heteronomous Morality
- moral realism
- rules and laws, cannot be changed.
- expiatory punishment
- immanent justice
- they exhibit a blind belief in the rules and ideas of right and wrong passed to them by their
elders
Behavior is judged as “bad” in terms of the observable consequences, regardless of the intentions or reasons for that behavior.
5
Q
- the effort required to do anything and stick with it until the end, even if it is difficult.
- Consistent commitment to a line of activity, conviction, or goal.
A
Perseverance
How can this be applied by the students?
- Despite the academic pressure of quizzes, exams, and activities, the students continued to persevere
6
Q
The function of any punishment is to make the guilty suffer in that the severity of the punishment should be related to severity of wrong-doing
A
expiatory punishment
7
Q
- Right of first disclosure
- Gives authors the authority to decide how and when the
public can access their creations
A
Right of Disclosure
Importance:
a. Creative Control
- Gives authors the ability to decide how their
work is presented
- Whether or not it is released in a way which
works for them
b. Market Strategy
- Gives the artists the ability to plan their work’s
release to maximize effect and audience
response
8
Q
Makes sure that the rightful author is given credit and
stops other people from taking credit for their creator’s
creations
A
Right of False Attribution
Importance:
a. Protection of Authorship
- Keeps the integrity of authorship intact by
making sure the creator’s name is accurately
linked to their creations
b. Prevention of Fraud
- Aids in stopping false claims of authorship,
which have the potential to damage an author’s
standing and financial worth
9
Q
Sympathetic pity and concern for the suffering or misfortunes of others, often with a desire to help
A
Compassion
For students: help students build strong, positive relationships with peers, teachers, and the community
10
Q
morality imposed from the outside
A
moral realism
They tend to judge “naughtiness” in terms of the severity of the consequence rather than in terms of motives.
11
Q
involves maintaining ethical standards in all academic endeavors
A
Integrity
12
Q
Helping to make someone emotionally stronger, more independent, and better at dealing with problems
A
Character-Building
13
Q
ongoing interactions between people that involve the mutual fulfillment of both party’s needs
A
Interpersonal relationships
key characteristic:
- they involve self-disclosure, or the sharing of personal and Intimate information about oneself
14
Q
- Permits them to assert authorship
- This right is essential to appreciating and respecting the
creator’s contribution
A
Right to Paternit
Importance:
a. Acknowledgement
- Guarantees that authors are given due credit for
their contributions
b. Moral Principle
- Preserves the intimate bond between the artist
and their creation
- Demonstrates gratitude for their artistic input
15
Q
Freud’s moral philosophy is molded by the conflict between….and…..
A
natural desires (the id) and external society influences (internalized as the superego)
16
Q
- Doctrine of moral duties
- Focusing on the quality of an action in regard to right and
wrong
A
Morality
17
Q
Fundamental guidelines that influence ethical decision-making, such as autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice.
A
Moral Principles
18
Q
- Right of attribution
- Guarantees that an author’s identity is attached to their
creation
A
Right to Paternit
Importance:
a. Acknowledgement
- Guarantees that authors are given due credit for
their contributions
b. Moral Principle
- Preserves the intimate bond between the artist
and their creation
- Demonstrates gratitude for their artistic input
19
Q
Principles of Behaviorism Theory
Focus on observable behavior rather than internal mental states. It is grounded in the idea that all behaviors are learned through interactions with the environment.
A
Key principles include reinforcement, where desirable behaviors are encouraged
through rewards, and punishment, which discourages unwanted behaviors. Behaviorism also emphasizes operant conditioning, where behaviors are shaped by the consequences that follow them.
20
Q
is the feeling of thankfulness and appreciation for the kindness or benefits one has received.
A
Gratitude
Benefits:
a. It can make you happier and more positive
21
Q
DISCUSS
Piaget’s Theory of Moral Development
A
to understand adult morality, Piaget believed that it was necessary to study both how morality manifests in the child’s world as well as the factors that contribute to the emergence of central moral concepts such as welfare, justice, and rights.
- Piaget found that children’s ideas regarding rules, moral judgments, and punishment tended to change as they got older. In other words just as there were stages to children’s cognitive development so there were also universal stages to their moral development.
22
Q
The quality of being truthful, sincere, and free from deceit or fraud in one’s actions and words
A
Honesty
23
Q
Ensures that individuals treat others with dignity and consideration
In patient care, it require recognizing patient autonomy, cultural diversity, and individual preferences
A
Respect
24
Q
The right not to be named as the author of a work you did not create
A
False Attribution
25
Breaking the rules will lead to immediate and severe punishment that should automatically follow bad behavior
immanent justice
26
# DISCUSS
The Evolution of Environmental Consciousness
1. SHIFTS IN CORPORATE PRACTICES
2. PUBLIC AWARENESS AND RECYCLING INITIATIVES
3. CLIMATE CHANGE MOVEMENTS
27
ego-ideal; an imaginary picture of how you ought to be, and represents career aspirations, how to treat other people, and how to behave as a member of society.
ideal self
28
Any alteration, modification, or adaptation of a work which
amounts to distortion or mutilation of the work
Derogatory Treatment
29
The measurement of a student's achievements and progress in educational settings, often evaluated through grades, test scores, and overall engagement.
Academic Performance
30
- Refers to how we make judgements regarding right and wrong
- More concerned with community values than personal beliefs
Ethics
31
Protect creator’s personal connection to their work
| Designed to ensure that creators are acknowledge
MORAL RIGHTS
| In nursing. these rights align with ethical standards...
## Footnote
...ensuring respect and integrity for intellectual contributions
32
Any situation that forces us to choose in a way that involves breaking some ethical norm or contradicting some ethical value.
Ethical Dilemma
33
The superego develops during......
early childhood
## Footnote
when the child identifies with the same-sex parent
34
# ENUMERATE
WHAT ARE THE 4 MORAL RIGHTS
| Moral Rights
## Footnote
- Protect the personal relationship between a creator and
their work
- Set of legal safeguards that acknowledges original
reputational and personal interests in addition to their
economic rights
- Guarantee that individuals receive respect and maintain
authority over the uses and presentations of their
creations for the same duration as the copyright.
1. Right to Paternity
2. Right of Integrity
3. Right of False Attribution
4. Right of Disclosure
35
Moral values that are central to both citizenship and social responsibility
integrity, respect, and empathy
36
outlines how children’s moral reasoning evolves as they grow, transitioning from a focus on rules imposed by authority to an understanding of moral principles based on fairness, cooperation, and mutual respect.
JEAN PIAGET'S THEORY OF MORAL
DEVELOPMENT
37
Heteronomous Morality
5-9 Yrs
38
In this phase, people begin to view the intentions behind actions as more important than their consequences.
Autonomous Morality
## Footnote
- This phase is more common after one has matured and is no longer a child.
- morality is also known as moral relativism – morality based on your own rules.
- There is no absolute right or wrong and that morality depends on intentions not consequences.
39
- The principle that imposes the duty to avoid or refrain from harming the patient.
- The practitioner who cannot bring about good for the patient is bound by duty to at least avoid harm
Nonmaleficence
40
- The moral obligation to act appropriately
- To be accountable for one’s actions
- To fulfill duties to oneself and others
Responsibility
## Footnote
For students, it involves:
a. Taking ownership of their academic work,
behavior, and interactions with peers and
teachers
41
Respecting the decision-making capacities of autonomous persons; enabling individuals to make reasoned informed choices.
Autonomy
42
three main aspects of children’s understanding of moral
issues
1. Children’s understanding of ***rules***
2. Children’s understanding of ***moral responsibility***
3. Children’s understanding of ***justice***
43
refers to awareness and concern for the environment and the impact of mortal activities on it.
Environmental consciousness
44
authors/artists have the right to stop their works from
being changed, distorted, or damaged in any way that
would be detrimental to their honor or reputation
Right of Integrity
## Footnote
Importance:
a. Reputation
- Preserves the artist’s standing by making sure
that their creations are not altered in any way
that can be harmful
b. Creative Intent
- Preserves the work’s original meaning, style,
and quality as intended by the author
45
In acad settings, refraining from cheating and plagiarism
Honesty
46
A stimulus or event that increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
Can be positive or negative.
Reinforcement
47
The principle that imposes on the practitioner a duty to seek the good for patients under all circumstances.
Beneficence
48
- The ability to recognize and empathize with the suffering of others
- Combine with a desire to alleviate or address that suffering
Compassion
## Footnote
For students: help students build strong, positive relationships with peers, teachers, and the community
49
- Reflects a person’s or society’s ideas of what is right or wrong, part. in relation to indiv behavior
- Personal or societal beliefs about what is right or wrong, often shaped by cultural, religious, or personal values
Morality
50
# DISCUSS
Importance of Moral Values to Students with regards to personal growth
- ***Self-Awareness and Reflection***: Moral principles support students' reflection, which is a necessary step towards developing self-awareness.
- ***Establishing Self-Esteem and Confidence***: Students who behave morally behave with pride and self-assurance in their choices. Maintaining moral principles like honesty even under trying circumstances aids in the development of their integrity and self-respect.
- ***Developing Emotional Intelligence***: Moral values like empathy, kindness, and respect foster emotional intelligence, which is critical for personal growth.
- ***Enhancing Decision-Making Skills***: Moral values provide a framework for making ethical and thoughtful decisions.
- ***Encouraging Resilience and Accountability***: Students develop resilience when they uphold moral values in the face of difficulties and disappointments.
51
focuses on the development and management of someone's feelings and how they react to situations.
Emotional Growth
52
a lack of concern for morality altogether, where individuals or entities operate without regard for moral standards, often prioritizing self-interest or objective
outcomes.
Amoral
53
# three main aspects of children’s understanding of moral issues
behavior is judged as "bad" in terms of
consequences and is there a difference between accidental or deliberate wrongdoing.
Children’s understanding of moral responsibility
## Footnote
This leads to questions like
1. Who is to blame for “bad” things?
2. Is it the outcome of behavior that makes an action “bad”?
3. Is there a difference between accidental and deliberate wrongdoing?
54
# [](http://)
(*blank*) for teachers, peers, and the learning
environment fosters a positive academic atmosphere.
Respect
55
actions that are those that knowingly violate moral principles, reflecting a
conscious choice to do wrong.
Immoral
56
# NOTES
Moral Values on Character-Building
- they are not only acquiring academic knowledge but also forming the ethical framework that will guide them throughout life.
- Moral values contribute to the creation of a responsible, compassionate, and productive individual who can make positive contributions to society.
- **Being aware of values from an early age** helps in developing the child’s character and forming the very core of their being.
- **A strong character development happens because of the virtues and values that children learn during their childhood**, which remains as a sound foundation for their moral beliefs in the future.
- These moral values become their strengths, which they can rely on to decide their path inlife.
57
According to Freud, the (*blank*) emerges during childhood as people assimilate the moral ideals of their parents, caregivers, and society as a whole.
superego
58
is the theory of personality organization and the dynamics of personality development relating to the practice of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology
Psychoanalytic theory
59
- Being thankful and appreciative not only shows good morals towards others but can also internally benefit you
- Being thankful for the good and bad in your life
Gratitude
## Footnote
Benefits:
a. It can make you happier and more positive
60
primary sources of
social support in the school context.
School friends and teachers
61
The mental or moral strength to persevere and withstand fear, pain, or adversity, allowing individuals to act on their
beliefs and values.
Courage
## Footnote
Importance:
1. facing academic pressures,
2. standing up against bullying, and
3. advocating for oneself and others.
4. In the nursing field:
a. advocating for patients’ rights,
b. confronting ethical dilemmas, and
c. making difficult decisions in high-pressure
situations.
Nurses must have the courage to speak up about patient safety and quality of care.
62
# NOTES
HONESTY AND RESPECT
Honesty and respect are essential because they establish trust and integrity, both crucial for personal and professional relationships
## Footnote
These values promote:
a. a culture of fairness,
b. encourage open communication, and
c. lay the groundwork for responsible leadership
63
represents fundamental urges and instincts; mediates between the id and
reality; reflects moral norms and values
the id, the ego, and the
superego
64
A stimulus or event that decreases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. Can
be positive or negative.
Punishment
65
Are various ways an individual handles guilt, which are called .....
defense mechanisms
66
Freud proposed that the human mind is divided into three parts
the id, the ego, and the
superego
67
sometimes referred to as “self growth” or “personal development”
Personal Growth
68
refers to the ethical and active participation of individuals in their community, including their academic and social environments.
Citizenship
69
focuses on the development of an individual's mind, such as the way they think and learn. It also relates to how one's cognitive functions affect theirr behavior.
Mental Growth
70
Encourages transparency, accountability, and ethical
decision-making
Honesty
## Footnote
In patient care, it involves:
a. Truthful communication
b. Accurate documentation
c. Ethical decision-making
71
- not the absence of fear but the ability to act in spite of it,
demonstrating strength of character.
## Footnote
__________ students are more likely to take risks,
participate in discussions, and pursue their goals despite obstacles.
Courage
## Footnote
Importance:
1. facing academic pressures,
2. standing up against bullying, and
3. advocating for oneself and others.
4. In the nursing field:
a. advocating for patients’ rights,
b. confronting ethical dilemmas, and
c. making difficult decisions in high-pressure
situations.
Nurses must have the courage to speak up about patient safety and quality of care.
72
# ENUMERATE
MORAL VALUES AND ADVANTAGES TO STUDENTS (10)
1. Honesty
2. Respect
3. Responsibility
4. Compassion
5. Integrity
6. Perseverance
7. Cooperation
8. Gratitude
9. Forgiveness
10. Courage
73
# NOTES
Importance of Moral Values to Students
- pertains to how ethical principles influence students' behavior and attitudes towards learning and their educational environment
74
Involves being an active and ethical participant in their academic and social communities.
Citizenship
75
The process by which individuals develop attitudes and behaviors toward moral rules, principles, and values.
Moral Development
76
Steady persistence in adhering to a course of action, a belief, or a purpose
Perseverance
## Footnote
How can this be applied by the students?
- Despite the academic pressure of quizzes, exams, and activities, the students continued to persevere
77
The right to be acknowledged as the author
Paternity
78
- Author is guaranteed control over the date and mode of
the work’s publication
79
Pertains to the principles or set of rules of conduct that are established by communities or professional groups
Ethics
80
# DISCUSS
The Environmental Determinants of Health
1. AIR QUALITY AND RESPIRATORY HEALTH
2. ACCSS TO CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION
3. CLIMATE CHANGE AND HEAT-RELATED ILLNESS
81
involves acknowledging the pain caused by someone else, making a choice to release that pain, and often reconciling the relationship.
Forgiveness
## Footnote
Importance:
1. Encourages conflict resolution,
2. fosters stronger relationships,
3. promotes emotional well-being.
4. Students can improve their social interactions and mental health,
5. creates a more supportive environment
6. In the nursing field:
a. can enhance teamwork and collaboration
b. can lead to better communication and patient care.
82
Refers to how well a student meets the goals of the educational system.
Academic Performance
## Footnote
measured through:
a. grades,
b. test scores, and
c. overall achievement in academic tasks.
83
Acknowledging the dignity, rights, and feelings of others while showing consideration and courtesy in interactions
Respect
84
- Involves a genuine concern for the well-being of others and motivates acts of kindness and support
Compassion
## Footnote
For students: help students build strong, positive relationships with peers, teachers, and the community
85
actions or considerations that fall outside the scope of moral judgment, such as purely factual statements or neutral behaviors that don't invoke ethical evaluation.
Nonmoral
86
refers to connecting with oneself on a holistic level, developing as a person and finding inner peace.
Spiritual Growth
87
- Integral part of what makes us human
- What makes us humane
- Standards that help an individual choose for himself
between right and wrong or good and bad
Moral Values
## Footnote
Importance of Moral Values
- Help build a positive character with traits such as
compassion, respect, kindness, and humility
- Can make students distinguish between right and wrong
or good and bad
- Can promote rational thinking and unbiased judgement
among students
- Show the real identity of a person
- Determines the person’s character and spirituality
88
# [](http://)
involves a commitment to the well-being of others and to following societal rules and norms
Citizenship
89
# ENUMERATE
5 areas of Personal Growth
1. Mental Growth
2. Social Growth
3. Spiritual Growth
4. Emotional Growth
5. Physical Growth
90
You cannot build interpersonal relationship without (*blank*).
Interpersonal communication
## Footnote
- It is an essential skill and a useful tool for:
a. providing comfort and support,
b. offering constructive criticism,
c. managing conflict, or
d. persuading others to share your point of view.
e. build successful relationships in the home, at
school, at work, and in public.
91
Ethical principles that guide behavior and decision-making
Moral Values
## Footnote
- Deeply rooted in our beliefs, culture, and upbringing
- Often involve concepts such as honesty, kindness,
compassion, fairness, and respect
92
Authors are shielded from having their works mistakenly
credited to other people
Right of False Attribution
## Footnote
Importance:
a. Protection of Authorship
- Keeps the integrity of authorship intact by
making sure the creator’s name is accurately
linked to their creations
b. Prevention of Fraud
- Aids in stopping false claims of authorship,
which have the potential to damage an author’s
standing and financial worth
93
It involves questioning the ethical implications of environmental policies and human activities.
Environmental ethics
94
A stage in Piaget’s theory where children view rules as fixed and handed down by authorities (typically developing between ages 5–10).
Heteronomous Morality
95
Guarantees that the presentation of the work conforms to
the original intentions of the creator
Right of Integrity
## Footnote
Importance:
a. Reputation
- Preserves the artist’s standing by making sure
that their creations are not altered in any way
that can be harmful
b. Creative Intent
- Preserves the work’s original meaning, style,
and quality as intended by the author
96
- System of rules or guidelines established by communities or profession to govern conduct, with an emphasis on collective judgement of what is acceptable
Ethics
97
# three main aspects of children’s understanding of moral issues
who make rules, can it be changed/unchangeable forever.
Children’s understanding of rules
## Footnote
This leads to questions like:
1. Where do rules come from?
2. Can rules be changed?
3. Who makes rules?
98
extends beyond personal gain and involves acting in ways that contribute positively to society.
Social Responsibility
## Footnote
For students, this can mean volunteering, promoting
ethical behavior, and being conscious of the broader
impact of their actions on their peers, community, and
future professional roles.
99
- the obligation to act for the benefit of society at large
- involves making decisions and taking actions that consider the broader implications for others, not just oneself.
Social Responsibility
100
# NOTES
Advantages of Moral Values to Students
1. **Improved Academic Performance**
- Students w/ strong moral values tend to excel
academically
2. **Increased self-esteem**
- Students who adhere to moral principles often have
higher self-esteem and confidence
3. **Better Decision Making**
- Students who have been taught the impt of ethics are
more likely to consider the consequences of actions and
able to navigate difficult situations
4.** Enhanced Social Relationships**
- Moral values foster positive social interactions with peers
and teachers
5. **Role Modeling**
- Teachers and staff serve as important role models for
students thru inspiring them to adapt moral values
6. **Community Involvement**
- Engaging in community service help develop sense of
empathy, compassion, and responsibility
7. **Character Education Programs**
- Schools can implement character education programs
101
# DISCUSS
Sustainable Healthcare Practices
1. ENERGY-EFFICIENT HOSPITAL OPERATIONS
2. WASTE REDUCTION AND RECYCLING PROGRAMS
3. SUSTAINABLE PROCUREMENT OF MEDICAL SUPPLIES
102
“inner voice”; tells us when we have done something wrong
conscience
## Footnote
The conscience can punish the ego by causing feelings of guilt.
103
- not giving up.
- It is persistence and tenacity
Perseverance
## Footnote
How can this be applied by the students?
- Despite the academic pressure of quizzes, exams, and activities, the students continued to persevere
104
A conscious, deliberate decision to release feelings of resentment or vengeance toward someone who has wronged you, fostering emotional healing and reconciliation.
Forgiveness
## Footnote
Importance:
1. Encourages conflict resolution,
2. fosters stronger relationships,
3. promotes emotional well-being.
4. Students can improve their social interactions and mental health,
5. creates a more supportive environment
6. In the nursing field:
a. can enhance teamwork and collaboration
b. can lead to better communication and patient care.
105
the ongoing process of understanding and developing oneself in order to
achieve one’s fullest potential.
Personal growth
106
- Entails uncompromising devotion to moral values and beliefs.
- used in other elements or facets of a person's life.
Integrity
## Footnote
How can this be applied by the students?
- through truthfully citing their credible sources.
- Not only that, but students can also study diligently and
avoid cheating in any form to keep academic integrity.
- No matter what the results are, as long as you are honest
and you uphold your integrity
107
The responsible management of natural resources to prevent exploitation, destruction, or degradation. Conservation efforts aim to preserve biodiversity and protect ecosystems for future generations.
Conservation
108
involves taking care of one’s body and using it in productive ways.
Physical Growth
## Footnote
An individual's physical condition affects all other areas of personal growth and development, as a healthy body facilitates effective brain functioning.
109
the emphasis now moves from retribution to restitution. Its purpose is not
primarily to make the guilty suffer but to put things right again.
Punishment
110
Autonomous Morality
9-10 Yrs
111
# DISCUSS
Autonomous Morality
- Piaget believed that around the age of 9-10 children’s understanding of moral issues
underwent a fundamental reorganisation.
- By now they are beginning to overcome the egocentrism of middle childhood and have developed the ability to see moral rules from other people’s point of view.
- Can move to making the more independent moral judgments of the second stage where their thinking becomes more like that of adults
112
Rights that protect creators by ensuring their work is
recognized and not misused or change without
permission
| FOR NURSES:
## Footnote
- Guide nurses to act ethically by making sure they do not
steal or alter others’ work
- Nurses maintain integrity and professionalism
- Ensures that their actions align with moral and ethical
standards in their practice
Moral Rights
## Footnote
- Moral rights are separate but related rights to copyright
- Protect the personal relationship between a creator and
their work
- Set of legal safeguards that acknowledges original
reputational and personal interests in addition to their
economic rights
- Guarantee that individuals receive respect and maintain
authority over the uses and presentations of their
creations for the same duration as the copyright.
113
# MORALITY THEORISTS AND THEORY
SIGMUND FREUD’S MORALITY AND THE SUPEREGO
Freud's study looks into the unconscious mind, arguing that morality is more than just a conscious choice, but rather a complex
interaction of unconscious forces, emotions, and social factors.
114
the founder of psychoanalysis, pioneered a new approach to morality that integrated it into his larger concept of the human psyche.
Sigmund Freud
115
Acting in a way that is fair, honest, and respectful,
following accepted moral standards in professional
settings
Ethical Behavior
116
Refers to a person’s or a society’s set of beliefs about what is considered right or wrong
## Footnote
Often guides individual behavior and decision-making,
shaped by personal, cultural, religious, or social values
Morality
117
A learning process where behaviors are shaped by consequences,
including reinforcement and punishment.
Operant Conditioning
118
Superego develops around ....... years during the phallic stage of psychosexual development.
3 - 5
## Footnote
The superego incorporates the values and morals of society, which are learned from one’s parents and others.
119
The superego consists of two systems
The conscience and the ideal self.
120
having no relation to morality.
Nonmoral
121
two main types of moral thinking (Piaget)
● Heteronomous morality ( moral realism) 5-9 Yrs.
● Autonomous morality ( moral relativism) 9-10 Yrs.
122
It serves as a form of inner critic, instilling guilt and shame when one deviates
from moral standards
superego
123
It involves understanding the interconnectedness of all living beings and
the fragile balance of ecosystems.
Environmental consciousness
124
It involves recognizing the importance of preserving natural resources and ecosystems.
Environmental awareness
125
A stage in Piaget’s theory where children recognize that rules can be flexible, are based on mutual agreements, and consider the intentions behind actions (typically developing after age 10).
Autonomous Morality
126
# MORALITY THEORISTS AND THEORY
B.F Skinner: Behaviorism Theory
focuses on the idea that behavior
is shaped by interactions with the environment, specifically through reinforcement and
punishment.
127
The relations between individuals, including friendship and romantic relationships.
Interpersonal Relationship
128
Entitles the rights holder to commercialize a work, such
as through licensing a digital surrogate to a user for free
Copyright
129
a renowned Swiss psychologist, is best known for his work on child
development and epistemology.
Jean Piaget
130
hildren begin to realize that if they behave in ways that appear to be wrong, but have good intentions, they are not necessarily going to be punished.
Moral responsibility
131
is a process of cognitive development, where children move through stages of heteronomous morality (where rules are rigid and external) and autonomous morality (where rules are seen as flexible and negotiated).
moral development
132
# MORALITY THEORISTS AND THEORY
JEAN PIAGET'S THEORY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
outlines how children’s moral reasoning evolves as they grow, transitioning from a focus on rules imposed by authority to an understanding of moral principles based on fairness, cooperation, and mutual respect.
133
Instruction aimed at developing students' understanding of moral values and ethical behavior.
Ethical Education
134
The basic principle that deals with fairness, just deserts, and entitlements in the distribution of goods and services.
Justice
135
# ENUMARATE
IMPORATANCE OF MORAL VALUES OF STUDENTS (7)
1. CHARACTER-BUILDING
2. ETHICAL DECISION-MAKING
3. INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP
4. ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
5. CITIZENSHIP AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
6. PERSONAL GROWTH
7. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSCIOUSNESS
136
Strict adherence to moral values and principles
Integrity
## Footnote
How can this be applied by the students?
- through truthfully citing their credible sources.
- Not only that, but students can also study diligently and
avoid cheating in any form to keep academic integrity.
- No matter what the results are, as long as you are honest
and you uphold your integrity
137
The process of growth and change in intellectual capabilities such as thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving, which influences moral reasoning.
Cognitive Development
138
involves being accountable for one’s own learning and
actions
Responsibility
139
Work or ideas created by individuals
Intellectual Contributions
## Footnote
Such as: research studies, educational materials, or innovative practices, that add to the knowledge in a field
140
The state or fact of having a duty to deal with something or of having control over something
Responsibility
## Footnote
For students, it involves:
a. Taking ownership of their academic work,
behavior, and interactions with peers and
teachers
141
(*blank*) with parents, school friends, and teachers constitute one possible protective factor that may facilitate successful educational transitions because these positive relationships can promote students’ feelings of relatedness and facilitate adaptation to a new school environment.
Supportive relationships
142
A common problem because of all the urges and drives from the id and all the prohibitions and codes in the superego.
Guilt
143
# three main aspects of children’s understanding of moral issues
Should the punishment fit the crime?
Are the guilty always punished?
Children’s understanding of justice
144
It means respecting others, following school and community rules, and working to improve the environments in which they live and study.
Citizenship
145
without moral principles
Amoral
146
understanding the impact of our choices and actions on the environment.
Environmental consciousness
147
- the process of working together towards a common goal,
- often by sharing resources, ideas, and efforts to achieve mutual benefits.
Cooperation
## Footnote
Benefits:
a. critical thinking, communication, and conflict resolution skills
b. build a sense of community and belonging,
c. contributing to a positive classroom environment
148
EXAMPLES OF MORAL RIGHTS
a. Citing research
b. Using educational materials
c. Handling patient data
149
A branch of philosophy that studies the moral relationship of human beings to the environment and its non-human contents.
Environmental ethics
150
A learned reaction to a previously neutral stimulus due to its association
with an unconditioned stimulus.
Conditioned Response
151
Having or showing compassion or benevolence
Humane
152
Communication between a minimum of two parties in which meaningful exchange is intended with the sender trying to affect a response from a person or group.
Interpersonal Communication
153
- Process of choosing actions that align with ethical principles like fairness and respect
- Choosing actions that align with moral principles like fairness, justice, and respect
Ethical Decision-Making
## Footnote
Importance
- enhances their moral development
- prepares them to navigate complex ethical dilemmas in their careers,
- ensuring they provide the highest standard of care and uphold the values of their profession.
154
The qualities that distinguish a person
Character
155
morally wrong, or outside society's standards of acceptable behavior.
Immoral
156
Empathy
The ability to understand and share the feelings of others
157
- The process of evaluating and choosing among alternatives in a manner consistent with ethical principles.
- It involves identifying ethical issues, considering the consequences of various actions, and making choices that align with moral values and professional standards.
Ethical Decision-Making
## Footnote
For nursing students:
a. Ensures they act with integrity and uphold
professional standards, fostering a trustworthy
learning envi and preparing them for future
ethical dilemmas
b. students build a foundation of trust and integrity,
essential for their future professional roles
158
In school context, temporary attachment figures
Teachers
## Footnote
- serving as a safe haven and a secure basis for
students
159
focuses on the idea that behavior is shaped by interactions with the environment, specifically through reinforcement and
punishment.
Behaviorism
160
involves improving one's communication skills. While some professionals focus on developing other skills, learning how to communicate effectively can be important, especially if one will work independently.
Social Growth
161
central to Freud's notion of morality, acting as an internal moral compass to guide individuals toward socially acceptable behavior.
superego
