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Flashcards in Group Decision Making Deck (24)
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1
Q

Tuckman’s 1965 model of group socialisation describes how groups form and change over time. What are the 5 stages?

A
  1. Forming
  2. Storming
  3. Norming
  4. Peforming
  5. Adjourning
2
Q

Moreland and Levine’s group model was unique because as well as the individual changing to fit the group____

A

the group also changed to fit the individuals

3
Q

What are the 3 dynamics of Moreland and Levine’s group model?

A

Evaluation, Commitment and Role transitions

4
Q

Change in the role of a group member is central to which model?

A

Moreland & Levine

5
Q

What did Festinger & colleagues liken group cohesiveness to?

A

field of forces which constitutes attractiveness of the group and goals of the group

6
Q

How is cohesiveness measured?

A

By averaging interpersonal attraction across the whole group

7
Q

What predicts conformity to group norms?

A

group cohesiveness

8
Q

Hogg criticised how group cohesiveness was being measured. He said there is a need to distinguish between which two things?

A

Personal attraction and social attraction

9
Q

Who’s definition of cohesiveness shows how you can like someone as a group member but not as a person?

A

Hogg’s (1993) cohesiveness

10
Q

Group status:

Expectation states theory states that roles in groups are assigned based on___?

A

roles in groups are assigned based on expectations of peoples’ performance.

11
Q

What is the difference between specific status characteristics and diffuse status characteristics?

A

Specific status characteristics are directly relevant to the group whereas diffuse characteristics are characteristics positively or negatively valued by society.

12
Q

In what situation is working in a group less effective than working individually?

A

Brainstorming ideas. Although more ideas may be generated, they have less creative value.

13
Q

What is groupthink?

A

It is a mode of faulty thinking in highly cohesive groups where there is a social pressure to reach consensus so decisions are scrutinized less.

14
Q

What are some antecedents of the groupthink model?

A
  1. excessive cohesiveness
  2. insulation of group from external information
  3. lack of impartial leadership
  4. high stress from external threat
  5. ideological homogeneity of membership
15
Q

What could be an example of groupthink?

A

Heaven’s gate mass suicide 1997

16
Q

McCauley (1989) evaluated groupthink using case studies by coding for presence or absence of groupthink antecedents.
What did he find?

A

All the antecedents except for group insulation, leadership and group homogeneity were involved in non-groupthink cases.

17
Q

Tetlock et al (1992) found that not all theorised paths were significant predictors of groupthink, especially___?

A

group cohesion

18
Q

Who found that counter to the groupthink theory, in low cohesive groups significantly fewer facts were discussed?

A

Leana (1985)

19
Q

Esser’s (1998) review of groupthink found___?

A

support for the role of directive leadership in groupthink but evidence for the role of group cohesiveness was unsupported as this was found in groups where the decisions were favourable.

20
Q

Define group polarization?

A

Group discussion tends to encourage people to be more extreme in their decisions.

21
Q

Why does group polarization occur?

A
  1. Persuasive arguments theory: greater exposure to more novel arguments supporting one’s opinions.
  2. Bandwagon effect
  3. Pluralistic ignorance
22
Q

The Bandwagon effect can lead to group polarization.

Define the Bandwagon effect.

A

adopting a more extreme view to differentiate ourselves from others who hold the same view.

23
Q

Pluralistic ignorance can lead to group polarization.

Define pluralistic ignorance.

A

An individual falsely infers that group members share the same belief based on their actions.

24
Q

Groups tend to perform better than individuals___?

A

on logical problems