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Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chem > Group Properties of Elements > Flashcards

Group Properties of Elements Flashcards

1
Q

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of GROUP 1A – ALKALI METALS:

A 
✓ univalent
✓ +1 Oxidation State
✓ large atoms
✓ most reactive (activity , alkalinity with atomic #)
✓ degree of solution with atomic #
✓ form hydroxides that are strongly basic (alkaline),
except LiOH
✓ never found free state in nature
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2
Q

GROUP 1A – ALKALI METALS

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

A

✓ metal oxides are basic, whereas nonmetal
oxides are acidic
✓salts of alkali metals are water-soluble, except
LiF, Li2CO3, and Li3PO4

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3
Q 
• “inflammable air” or “flammable air”
• discovered by Cavendish
• lightest element
• has no therapeutic use
• PRODUCTION METHOD: Messerschmidt process (can
obtain 99% purity hydrogen)
A

HYDROGEN (H)

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4
Q

(can

obtain 99% purity hydrogen)

A

Messerschmidt process

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5
Q

INDUSTRIAL USES of Hydrogen:

A

– Haber Process – process for production of NH4+
– Hydrogenation of oils – to produce margarine
– Inflating balloons (non-therapeutic effect)

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6
Q

What are the three isotopes of Hydrogen?

A

Protium, Deuterium, and Tritium

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7
Q

What is the most abundant element in the Universe?

A

Hydrogen

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8
Q

An important compound of Hydrogen

A

H2O or Water

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9
Q

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE (H2O2)

A

AKA: Agua oxigenada; agua oxenada; oxygenated water;

oxygenated acids

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10
Q

Common Use of Hydrogen Peroxide:

A
  • antiseptic
  • treatment for Vincent’s stomatitis (severe form of gingivitis)
  • as mouthwash
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11
Q

WATER

A
  • universal solvent
  • omnipresent
  • ligand; acid or base; oxidizing or reducing agent
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12
Q

TYPES OF WATER:

A

TYPES OF WATER:
• Water of Crystallization – water associated when crystals precipitate from aqueous solution
• Water of Hydration – water associated with cations and/ or anions of a salt or crystals
• Zeolitic Water – physically held water
• Lattice Water – water coordinated in cationic complex or held in definite lattice structure of the crystals

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13
Q

Cosmetic Use of Hydrogen Peroxide:

A

bleaching hair

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14
Q

Commercial Availability of Hydrogen Peroxide:

A

10-volume solution – 3%
20-volume solution – 6%
100-volume solution – 30%

– Hydrogen Peroxide Topical Solution, USP
• 10-volume solution – 3%
• Stabilizer: Acetanilide

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15
Q

NATURAL or MINERAL WATERS

A

contains dissolved materials such as suspended particles, dissolved atmospheric gases and metabolic decomposition products

  1. Alkaline Water – Na2SO4 and MgSO4 with NaHCO3
  2. Carbonated Water – has been charged with CO2 under pressure 3. Chalybeate Water – contains Fe in solution or suspension, characterized by ferrigenous taste
  3. Lithia Water – occurs in a form of carbonate or chloride
  4. Saline Water - “purgative waters”, contain large amounts of MgSO4and Na2SO4 with NaCl
  5. Sulfur Water – contain H2S and deposits S upon exposure to atmosphere
  6. Siliceous Water – contain very small amounts of soluble alkali silicates
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16
Q

Temporary hardness

A

– Contains mainly dissolved Ca and Mg bicarbonate

– Can be removed by boiling

17
Q

Permanent hardness

A
  • Contains mainly dissolved Ca and Mg sulfate & chloride in water
    – Can be removed via ion-exchange resin
18
Q

OFFICIAL USP WATERS

A
  1. Purified Water
  2. Water for Injection
    Description: clear, colorless, odorless liquid; purified by distillation or reverse osmosis and contains no added substances
    USE: solvent for large-scale manufacturing of parenteral products 3. Sterile WFI
    Description: clear, colorless, odorless liquid; water for parenterals; sterilized; contains no antimicrobial agent or other substances USE: for extemporanous compounding of parenteral products
    WATER
    OFFICIAL USP WATERS
  3. Bacteriostatic Water for Injection
    Description: SWFI containing one or more suitable antimicrobial agents (eg. benzyl alcohol)
    USE: sterile vehicle for parenteral preparation (Not for IV)
  4. Sterile Water for Irrigation
    Description: clear, colorless, odorless liquid; water for injection that has been sterilized, contains no antimicrobial agent or other substance USE: an irrigating solution
    *Labeled with: FOR IRRIGATION ONLY and NOT FOR INJECTION
  5. Sterile Water for Inhalation
    • Water Vapor
    USE: best expectorant
19
Q

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE (H2O2)

A

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE (H2O2)
• AKA: Agua oxigenada; agua oxenada; oxygenated water; oxygenated acids
• Common Use: Antiseptic; treatment for Vincent’s stomatitis (severe form of gingivitis), as mouthwash
• Cosmetic Use: bleaching hair
• Commercial Availability:
10-volume solution – 3%
20-volume solution – 6%
100-volume solution – 30%
– Hydrogen Peroxide Topical Solution, USP
• 10-volume solution – 3%
• Stabilizer: Acetanilide

Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chem (1 decks)

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