group2_trimmed_flashcards
(53 cards)
Change
Any alteration of people, structure, or technology in an organization.
Organizational Change
Modification in one or more internal aspects of the organization.
Change Agent
Someone who initiates and manages the change process.
Internal Change Forces
Changes inside the organization like strategy, workforce, or technology.
External Change Forces
Changes in the marketplace, government laws, technology, labor markets, and the economy.
Calm Waters Metaphor
Change is occasional disruption in an otherwise stable situation.
White-Water Rapids Metaphor
Change is constant and unpredictable.
Lewin’s Three-Step Change Model
Unfreezing, Changing, Refreezing.
Unfreezing
Preparing for change by recognizing need and breaking from the status quo.
Changing
Implementing new practices.
Refreezing
Stabilizing the new behaviors after change.
Organizational Development (OD)
Planned change efforts to improve organizational effectiveness.
Innovation
Turning creative ideas into useful products or work methods.
Idea Champion
Individual who actively supports innovation.
Design Thinking
A method for focusing on solving problems from the customer’s perspective.
Decision
Choice made from among alternatives.
Decision-Making Process
Identify problem, identify criteria, weigh criteria, develop alternatives, analyze alternatives, select alternative, implement, evaluate.
Problem
Discrepancy between an existing state and a desired state.
Rational Decision Making
Making logical and consistent choices to maximize value.
Bounded Rationality
Decisions made with limited information and time.
Satisficing
Choosing the first satisfactory alternative rather than the optimal one.
Escalation of Commitment
Continuing with a decision despite evidence it is wrong.
Structured Problem
Straightforward, familiar, easily defined problem.
Unstructured Problem
New, unusual problems with incomplete information.
