Groups and organization

Question 1

what is a primary group

Answer 1

a small social group whose members share personal and lasting relationships

Question 2

what is a crowd

Answer 2

a loosely connected group of people

Question 3

what is a group

Answer 3

people who have relationships with one another

Question 4

what is secondary group

Answer 4

a large and impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific goal or activity

Question 5

what is instrumental leadership

Answer 5

• group leader ship that focuses on the completion of tasks
• give orders, make plans
• focuses on performance

Question 6

what is expressive leadership

Answer 6

• group leadership that focuses on the group well being
• less of an interest in achieving then raising group moral
• build personal, primary ties

Question 7

what is authoritarian leadership

Answer 7

• instrumental concerns

- take personal charge

Question 8

what is democratic leadership

Answer 8

• expressive
• including everyone in the decision making process
• develops creative solutions

Question 9

what is ‘laissez-faire’ leadership

Answer 9

• allows the group to function more or less on its own
• doesn’t achieve many group goals
• well suited for groups with members who are capable of working independently

Question 10

what is an in-group

Answer 10

• social group toward which a member feels respect and loyalty
• generally hold higher opinions of themselves and more negative views on out-groups

Question 11

what is an out-group

Answer 11

a member feels a sense of competition or opposition

Question 12

what are three ways in which social diversity influences intergroup conflict: Peter Blau

Answer 12

• Large groups turn inward - the larger the group is the more likely people are to have relationships within themselves
• Heterogenous groups turn outward - the more internally diverse the group is the more likely they are to interact with outsiders
• Physical boundaries create social boundaries - when a group is physically segregated from one another the less likely they are to interact with other people

Question 13

what are the three types of formal organizations

Answer 13

• Utilitarian organizations - works for money, pays people for their efforts, generate profits, business, it is a choice to be a part of said organization
• Normative organizations - not for income but to pursue a goal you think is morally right, voluntary, community service groups
• Coercive organizations - involuntary, a form of punishment, prison, treatment, supervised, isolate people

Question 14

what are George Ritzers four principles (McDonaldization)

Answer 14

• Efficiency - anything done quickly is “good”
• Predictability - guide the performance of every job to be the most efficient
• Uniformity - mass produced according to standard form
• Control - automated machines