Growing pigs

Question 1

What causes ‘milk spot’ on a pig liver?

Answer 1

Ascaaris suum

Migrating L2

Question 2

How does Ascaaris suum affect pigs clinically? How is it treated?

Answer 2

Often not clinical - just milk spot on liver

Fenbendazole, ivermectin

Question 3

Which disease is persistent once in a herd, causing chronic infections alone, or acute/peracute outbreaks with PRRS or influenza?

Answer 3

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Question 4

What are the clinical signs of acute Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in pigs, seen on post-mortem?

Answer 4

Haemorrhagic lesions

Question 5

What is the main clinical sign of chronic Actinobacillus pleuropneumoiae in pigs?

Answer 5

Pneumonia

Question 6

Treatment is often too late once Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is in a herd. How may yuo treat it?

Answer 6

Penicillin
Florfenicol
TMPS

Question 7

How can Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae be prevented in pigs?

Answer 7

Vaccination against toxin

Question 8

What pathogen causes Enzootic Pneumonia in pigs?

Answer 8

Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae

Question 9

What pathogen causes Erysipelas in pigs?

Answer 9

Erysipelotrhix rhusiopathiae

Question 10

Erysipelas in pigs is very common, causing bacteraemia. What acts as the reservoir for this disease?

Answer 10

Wildlife

seen more in outdoor herds

Question 11

How can Erysipelas be treated?

Answer 11

Penicillin

Question 12

How is Erysipelas prevented?

Answer 12

Vaccination

Bird and rodent control

Question 13

Peracute Erysipelas causes sudden death and septicaemia. What do acute and chronic Erysipelas cause?

Answer 13

Acute - raised diamond skin lesions, pyrexia, lethargy

Chronic - endocarditis, stiff lameness

Question 14

Gastric ulcers are common in fast-growing pigs. Give examples of what may trigger them

Answer 14

Stress

High protein or wheat

Question 15

Gastrointestinal volvulus is identified by a swollen, pale carcass on death and confirmed on PME. Give examples of foods/diets associated with volvulus in pigs

Answer 15

Fresh grains
Fermentation
High protein

Question 16

What pathogen causes both Porcine Haemorrhagic Enteropathy and Porcine Intestinal Adenopathy?

Answer 16

Lawsonia intracellularis

Question 17

How does ileitis differ in terms of its main clinical signs: Porcine Haemorrhagic Enteropathy and Porcine Intestinal Adenopathy?

Answer 17

PHE: acute, higher grade infection (haemorrhage, blood clots)
PIA: low grade, scour, poor growth

Question 18

How are Porcine Haemorrhagic Enteropathy and Porcine Intestinal Adenopathy diagnosed?

Answer 18

PCR

Lawsonia intracellularis

Question 19

Porcine Haemorrhagic Enteropathy and Porcine Intestinal Adenopathy treated and prevented?

Answer 19

Macrolides - erythromycin

Prevention - vaccine

Question 20

What causes nutritional scour?

Answer 20

Low grade colitis

Due to rapid feed change and disruption of microbiome

Question 21

PRRS causes damage to which cells?

Answer 21

Alveolar macrophages

Respiratory disease, scour in piglets

Question 22

Give examples of pathogens that make up Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC)

Answer 22

Enzootic pneumonia - Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae
Glasser’s
Porcine circovirus - PCV-2
Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia
Swine influenza
PRRS
+/- Strep, Salmonella, atrophic rhinitis, Ascarids

Question 23

Porcine respiratory disease complex leads to recycling of infection between age groups. How can this condition be prevented?

Answer 23

All in all out system and avoid mixing pigs
Hygiene and biosecurity
Vaccinations
Appropriate stocking rates

Question 24

A pig has been coughing, sneezing, pyrexic with conjunctivitis and anorexia. On PME there is pericarditis and peritonitis. What is your most likely diagnosis?

Answer 24

Porcine respiratory disease complex

Question 25

Rectal prolapse or stricture is often missed as it may have been bitten off by another pig. What is rectal prolapse/stricture associated with?

Answer 25

Scour | Increased abdominal pressure

Question 26

What is the treatment for rectal prolapse in pigs?

Answer 26

Replace if fresh Amputate if old (can lead to stricture and GIT blockage)

Question 27

What symptoms may you see in a pig with rectal stricture?

Answer 27

Swollen abdomen Jaundice Loss of condition

Question 28

What commensal pathogen causes spirochaetal colitis?

Answer 28

Brachyspira pilosicoli | mild colitis - often with Lawsonia + Salmonella

Question 29

A pig presents with grey cow pat faeces. What is your most likely diagnosis?

Answer 29

Spirochaetal colitis | Brachyspira pilosicoli

Question 30

How is Spirochaetal colitis controlled?

Answer 30

Nutritional changes

Question 31

What pathogen causes Swine Dysentery?

Answer 31

``` Brachyspira hydodesenteriae (Treat with antibiotics) ```

Question 32

A pig presents with mucohaemorrhagic scour, lethargy, reduced feed intake, condition loss and death. What is your diagnosis?

Answer 32

Swine Dysentery (Brachyspira hydodysenteriae)

Question 33

What is the Whipworm in pigs?

Answer 33

Trichuris suis

Question 34

What are the symptoms of Whipworm (Trichuris suis) in pigs?

Answer 34

Irritative colitis | Unresponsive to antibiotics

Question 35

Give examples of what may cause vices in pigs

Answer 35

``` Stress Over/under stocking Draughts Nutritional upset Disease Frustration/boredom ```

Question 36

Vices lead to local or tracking abscesses and death or euthanasia. How can this be prevented?

Answer 36

``` Tail docking (End of tail insensitive - removes this portion so pig can feel bite and move away) ```