Growth Flashcards
(44 cards)
how long is the embyronic phase
8 weeks
how long is the fetal period
9weeks till birth
how long is the neonatal period
from birth to 28 days of life
whats the infancy period
from 29 days of life to 1st year of life
which stage of development is the period of fastest growth
infancy
how much weight do children lose in the first few days after birth
5-10%
when do children return to their birth weight
7-10 days of age
when do children double their birth weight
4-5 months
when do children triple their birth weight
1 year
whats a daily weight gain for children for the first 3-4 months
20-30g
whats a daily weight gain for children for the rest of the first year
15-20g
what are the normal growth rates in children
birth to 1 yr- 18-25 cm
1-2 yrs- 10-13 cm
2yr to puberty- 5-6cm
pubertal growth spurt in girls- 6-11
pubertal growth spurt in boys- 7-13
what are important growth monitoring parameters
weight
height/length ( dont use an upright measurement for children< 2yrs)
head circumference
what are the MBI categories
underweight- <5th percentile
normal- 5th percentile-85th percentile
risk for overweight- 85th percentile- <95th percentile
overweight- >95th percentile
what measurement is used to determine physical growth
weight for age
what measurement reflects immediate nutrional status
weight for age
why should infants be weighed monthly
because growth during this period is extremely rapid
what does linear growth reflect
musculoskeletal growth
what non nutritional factors govern linear growth
endocrinologic- GH, TH, steroids
nonendocrine- chronic illness, genetic disorders, undernutrition
when does parental genetic effect on growth manifest in a child
between 2-5 years so if there is no genetic reduced height for age (indicates stunting) it indicates chronic illness, long standing malnutrition or hormonal deficiency
what does head circumference reflect
brain growth
what are causes of microcephaly
familial- present from birth with normal development
autosomal recessive condition with developmental delay
congenital infection e.g. CMV
acquired e.g. perinatal hypoxia, hypoglycemia or meningitis (often accompanied by cerebral palsy and seizures)
what are causes of macrocephaly
-hydrocephalus
-macrosomia
-familial macrocephaly
-raised ICP
-chronic subdural hematoma
-cerebral tumor
-neurofibromatosis (is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder of the NS where tumors grow on nerves)
-cerebral gigantism (sotos syndrome- a rare genetic condition where children grow faster than other children their age, showing characteristics of-tall stature, large head with distinct facial features)
-CNS storage disorders e.g. mucopolysaccharidosis (hurler syndrome-is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder)
whats a growth spurt
increase in growth velocity e.g. adolescents
