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Flashcards in Growth Adaptations Deck (10)
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1
Q

What are some methods of Hypertrophy?

A
  1. Gene activation=> protein synthesis

2. Production of organelles

2
Q

Give an example of Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia? Which cells can only undergo hypertrophy (*high yield)? What are some examples of hypertrophic cell types?

A

Uterus during pregnancy

*Permanent cells
Cardiac, Skeletal, and Nerve

3
Q

In atrophy, a decrease in cell number will occur due to what MOA? Decrease in Size occurs due to what MOAs?

A

Apoptosis

  1. Ubiquitin-proteosome (“post-it note”) degradation pathway for cytoskeleton
  2. Autophagy for the organelles
4
Q

Metaplasia is caused by change in? Where does it most commonly affect? MOA? Is Metaplasia reversible? Is dysplasia reversible?

A

Stress
Surface epithelium
MOA: reprogramming of stem cells

Yes, if you remove the driving stressor

Yes, if you remove the driving stressor

5
Q

What vitamin def. can lead to metaplasia? What disease results from this metaplasia?* Why?

A

Vitamin A

*Keratomalacia: squamous epithelium of the conjunctiva unable to maintain integrity

6
Q

What disease results in the formation of blast cells due to the disruption of vitamin A receptor? why?

A

Vitamin A def.=> formation of blast cells and unable to mature

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (t15; 17)

7
Q

Myositis Ossificans is a disease where what happens? What is due to?

A

Trauma to the muscles inflame it then bone ossifies.

Metaplasia

8
Q

CIN in endometrial tissue is what kind of growth (what kind of -plasia)? What is it due to?

A

Dysplasia

Due to long standing hyperplasia (endometrial hyperplasia) or metaplasia (barrett’s esophagus)

9
Q

Unilateral renal agenesis are indicative of what kind of -plasia? Why?

A

aplasia

Failed cell growth

10
Q

Streak ovaries in Turner’s syndrome are indicative of what kind of -plasia? Why?

A

Hypoplasia

Decreased cell growth=> small organ (i.e. streak ovaries)