Growth and Development 1

Question 1

Define Growth

Answer 1

increase in mass and dimension of the body. includes : weight, length or height(with stand) and head circumference.

Question 2

Define Development

Answer 2

maturation of functions and gaining of various skills. It includes aspects as motor development, mental development and sexual development.

Question 3

what is the relation between them?

Answer 3

Go parallel to each other

Question 4

what are the growth stages?

Answer 4

1.prenatal(intrauterine)
2.postnatal (extrauterine)

Question 5

what is prenatal

Answer 5

1.Embryonic stage: The first 8 weeks
2.Fetal stage: 9th to 40th
Early:9-24 weeks
late:25-40 weeks

Question 6

factors affecting it? prenatal stage

Answer 6

1.Maternal health
2.placental health
3.fetal insulin

Question 7

Rate of growth fetal

Answer 7

Maximum rate of growth(accounting for 30% of adult height

Question 8

postnatal stages

Answer 8

1.neonates:first 4 weeks of life 28 Days.
2.Infancy: 1 month to 2 years.
3.Childhood: Early (preschool):2-6
Late school :6-12
4.Adolescence:12-20 early, mid and late.

Question 9

factors affecting infancy and childhood?

Answer 9

Nutrition, good health, thyroid, happiness (infant) + genes, growth hormone, thyroid =childhood

Question 10

factors affecting adolescence

Answer 10

Testosterone Estrogen growth hormones

Question 11

factors affecting physical growth

Answer 11

1.Race: There is race difference in rate and pattern of growth
2.Family: Height and body frame are inherited from parents. start to appear after infancy.
3.Sex : Girls: grow faster 7th - 4 years , start puberty at a younger age.
4.chromosomal disorders: as down usually show retarded growth.
5.socioecnomic : poor housing, hygiene , health.

Question 12

cont…

Answer 12

6.Nutritional: - delay , + obesity
7.chronic illness: ….
8.Developmental anomalies:
9.Chronic infection: TB
10.Endocrinal factors:

Question 13

growth hormone —

Answer 13

proportionate short, normal mentality , characteristic features

Question 14

growth hormone —

Answer 14

proportionate short, normal mentality , characteristic features

Question 15

thyroid———–

Answer 15

disproportionate short, mental retardation , coarse face in infants and children with congenital hypothyrodism.
proportionate short in children with acquired hypoth

Question 16

+++Androgens

Answer 16

Tall in children
proportionate short in adult

Question 17

+++steroids

Answer 17

short, characteristic obesity cushing

Question 18

Aspects of normal growth and development

Answer 18

1.physical:anthropometric:weighy, length,…
fontanelles, bone age or osseous growth
2.motor development:gross and fine
3.mental
4.sexual.

Question 19

normal weight at birth

Answer 19

2.5k-4kg

Question 20

weight gain in 1st to 4 month

Answer 20

3/4 kg/month ….4th month 6 kg

Question 21

4-8 month

Answer 21

1/2/mon…….8th 8kg

Question 22

8-12

Answer 22

1/4…..12th 9kg

Question 23

2nd year weight

Answer 23

3 kg…..at 2 years 12 kg

Question 24

3-6 years

Answer 24

2kg/year….at 6 years 20kg

Question 25

6-10 y weight

Answer 25

2.5kg/y...... at 10 y...30kg

Question 26

weight calculation equation between 1-6 y

Answer 26

= age*2+8 birth weight is DOUBlED at 4 months and tripled at 12 month.

Question 27

length and height

Answer 27

under 3 years length in supine at 3 height is in standing

Question 28

at birth length

Answer 28

50cm

Question 29

6 months length

Answer 29

68cm

Question 30

1 year length

Answer 30

75cm

Question 31

2 year length

Answer 31

87cm

Question 32

3 years length

Answer 32

94cm

Question 33

4 year

Answer 33

100cm(double birth length)

Question 34

between 4-9 years

Answer 34

the height increases about 7 cm/year

Question 35

at 9 years

Answer 35

135 cm

Question 36

between 9-12 years the height increases about 5 cm/year

Answer 36

the height increases about 5 cm/year

Question 37

at 12 years

Answer 37

150 cm

Question 38

at 12 years

Answer 38

150 cm Height is DOUBled at 4 years and TRIples at 12 year

Question 39

upper segment

Answer 39

from the crown to the upper border of symphsis pubis (sitting height

Question 40

lower segment

Answer 40

from symphsis pubis to the heel

Question 41

Body proportions

Answer 41

at birth: 1.7/1 3 years: 1.3/1 7 years: 1.0/1 (equal upper and lower segment

Question 42

Body proportions value

Answer 42

differentiate proportionate from disproportionate short stature

Question 43

Head circumference at birth

Answer 43

35 cm

Question 44

6 months head circmference

Answer 44

43 cm

Question 45

1 year head circumference

Answer 45

47 cm so 12 cm during the first year

Question 46

2 year head circumference

Answer 46

49cm

Question 47

4 y head circumference

Answer 47

50cm

Question 48

6 y head circumference

Answer 48

51cm

Question 49

6 y head circumference

Answer 49

51cm

Question 50

12 y head circumference

Answer 50

53 cm 6 cm only during 11 years

Question 51

Anterior fontanelle

Answer 51

3 fingers:5cm : at birth 2 fingers : 6 months 1 finger 1 year 1.5 closed posterior: closed at birth

Question 52

deciduous teeth

Answer 52

lower before upper by 1 month 6, 8, 12, 18, 24 months central incisors, lateral, 1st molar, canines, 2nd molar

Question 53

osseous growth

Answer 53

at birth ( X ray of the knee joint: the center around the knee is well developed delayed indicates delayed bone age as hypo thyroidism

Question 54

early child hood (X ray of the left hand and wrist

Answer 54

1st carpal bone is ossified at the age of 6 month then one center per year: 1 year : 2 ossific centers 2 years: 3 centers and so on

Question 55

late childhood epiphysis

Answer 55

fusion of epiphysis of distal ends of ulna and radius

Question 56

late childhood (bone identification

Answer 56

fusion of epiphysis of distal ends of ulna and radius

Question 57

its value (x ray of bones for osseous growth

Answer 57

1.normal bone age corresponds to the age of the child 2.markedly delayed bone age: ---- endocrinal deficiencies 3.advanced bone age:++++ excess hormones 4.normal bone age with short stature : familial short stature_skeletal dysplasia

Question 58

define growth charts

Answer 58

it is a graphic assessment....of the physical growth of a child.

Question 59

Very Important Background about growth charts

Answer 59

There is a wide range of variations among normal children of the same age. Each child has his own inherited pattern of growth.

Question 60

growth curves are essential to

Answer 60

1. Demonstrate the normal growth variations 2.Summarize the growth data so earlier diagnosis of abnormal growth.

Question 61

growth curves are essential to

Answer 61

1. Demonstrate the normal growth variations 2.Summarize the growth data so earlier diagnosis of abnormal growth.

Question 62

Types of curves

Answer 62

1.percentile (used for follow up during the visits 2.Standard deviation 3. Velocity.

Question 63

Types of curves

Answer 63

1.percentile (used for follow up during the visits....The most commonly used 2.Standard deviation 3. Velocity.

Question 64

criteria of curves

Answer 64

1.made of different aspects of physical growth: height weight skull circumference 2. vary from : boys to girls , country to another, age 3.percentile 7

Question 65

criteria of curves

Answer 65

1.made of different aspects of physical growth: height weight skull circumference 2. vary from : boys to girls , country to another, age 3.percentile 7

Question 66

7 percentile

Answer 66

97th: the highest limit of the normal 50th: the median ..mean 3rd: the lowest limit of the normal 25th, 10th,75th,90th

Question 67

measures and value of the curvers

Answer 67

3-97 : normal...less or more is abnormal assess the growth rate