Growth and Development

Question 1

Growth and Development

Development is

Answer 1

The coordination of growth and differentiation of a cell into a multicellular tissue

Question 2

Growth and Development

What 3 factors does development depend on?

Answer 2

Nutrients

Vitamins

Hormones

Question 3

Growth and Development

Nutrients are

Answer 3

Chemicals derived from the air and the soil

Question 4

Growth and Development

Vitamins are

Answer 4

Chemicals created by the plant that originate in the plasma membrane or the cytoplasm

Question 5

Growth and Development

Vitamins are a coenzyme, meaning…

Enzyme =

Answer 5

They bind to an enzyme to make it more efficient

Protein catalyst

Question 6

Growth and Development

Hormones regulate…

Answer 6

Genes, chemical messengers and, stimulate or supress activity.

Question 7

Growth and Development

Hormones are in much ___ concentrations than vitamins and nutrients

Answer 7

Smaller

Question 8

Growth and Development

Where are Hormones produced

Answer 8

Produced in active and growing regions

Question 9

Growth and Development

Hormones can ___ or ___ plant growth

Answer 9

Promote or inhibit

Question 10

Growth and Development

What are the 5 categories of hormones

Answer 10

Auxins

Gibberellins

Cytokinins

Abscisic acid

Ethylene

Question 11

Growth and Development

Auxins purpose

Answer 11

Lengthen plant cells at the tip

Question 12

Growth and Development

Auxins location (4)

Answer 12

Apical meristems

Buds

Young leaves

Active parts of the plant

Question 13

Growth and Development

The movement of auxins requires

Polar movement means

Answer 13

Active transport (use of ATP)

High concentration to low concentration, away from the source

Question 14

Growth and Development

Auxins move through the parenchyma near vascular bundles at a rate of …

Answer 14

1 cm/hour

Question 15

Growth and Development

Auxin encourages (3)

Answer 15

Growth of all cell types and differentiation of cells

Lengthening

Vascular cambium and adventitious root development

Question 16

Growth and Development

Auxin Discourages (3)

Answer 16

Leaf and fruit abscission

Fruit ripening

Inhibits lateral branching

Question 17

Growth and Development

Auxins is greek to …

Answer 17

Increase

Question 18

Growth and Development

Gibberellins are named after a genus of

Answer 18

Fungi

Question 19

Growth and Development

Gibberellins purpose

Answer 19

Produce an increase in size

Question 20

Growth and Development

Gibberellins location (4)

Answer 20

Apical meristems

Young leaves

Fungi

Ungerminated seeds

Question 21

Growth and Development

Gibberellins movement is

Answer 21

Non-polar, through xylem and phloem

Question 22

Growth and Development

Gibberellins encourage (3)

Answer 22

Stem elongation

Flowering

Germination

Question 23

Growth and Development

Gibberellins discourage

Answer 23

Seed dormancy

Question 24

Growth and Development

Cytokinins means ___ + ___

Answer 24

Cell + move

Question 25

Growth and Development Cytokinins purpose

Answer 25

Stimulates cytokinesis

Question 26

Growth and Development Cytokinins location (2)

Answer 26

Root tips Germinating seeds

Question 27

Growth and Development Cytokinin movement is

Answer 27

Polar, through xylem, phloem and, parenchyma

Question 28

Growth and Development Cytokinins encourage (5)

Answer 28

Stem lengthening, Cell growth and differentiation Growing roots Chloroplast development Cotyledon growth

Question 29

Growth and Development Cytokinins discourage (2)

Answer 29

Aging in leaves Decaying of stored vegetables

Question 30

Growth and Development Abscisic acid purpose (2)

Answer 30

Promotes abscission and inhibits stimulatory activity of other hormones

Question 31

Growth and Development Abscisic acid location (2)

Answer 31

Fleshy fruits Rarely in leaves and roots

Question 32

Growth and Development Abscisic acid movement is

Answer 32

Polar via active transport throughout the plant

Question 33

Growth and Development Abscisic acid encourages (3)

Answer 33

Water retention in wilted leaves (prevents water loss) Stomata closed Abscission of leaves and fruit

Question 34

Growth and Development Abscisic acid discourages (2)

Answer 34

Seed germination while on plant Stimulatory effects of other hormones

Question 35

Growth and Development Ethylene purpose

Answer 35

Ripening of fruits

Question 36

Growth and Development Ethylene location (5)

Answer 36

Flowers Fruits Seeds Leaves Roots

Question 37

Growth and Development Ethylene movement is

Answer 37

Active transport within plant Gas state

Question 38

Growth and Development Ethylene encourages (2)

Answer 38

Promote ripening Leaf abscission

Question 39

Growth and Development Ethylene Discourages

Answer 39

Cell elongation

Question 40

Hormone Interactions Apical dominance =

Answer 40

Dominant apical bud produces auxin-like inhibitors that prevent growth of lateral buds

Question 41

Hormone Interactions Apical dominance, which axillary buds grow most? Results in? (shape)

Answer 41

Buds furthest away from dominant apical bud Tapered cone shape

Question 42

Hormone Interactions Other hormones involved in apical dominance

Answer 42

Cytokinins and abscisic acid

Question 43

Hormone Interactions Senescence is

Answer 43

The degradations of plant cells leading to death

Question 44

Hormone Interactions Senescence contributors (3)

Answer 44

Age Environmental changes Developmental cues (in addition to hormones)

Question 45

Hormone Interactions Senescence occurs prior

Answer 45

To leaf dropping

Question 46

Hormone Interactions Hormones that regulate senescence (4)

Answer 46

Auxins Cytokinins Abscisic acid Ethylene