Growth and Development Flashcards
(90 cards)
1
Q
What brain regions continue growing til age 25 (2)? What behaviors do these regions have to do with?
A
Pre-frontal brain and amygdala: Risky decisions, emotional.
2
Q
BMI Equation
A
Weight in Kg x 10,000
divided by height in Cm squared
3
Q
BMI Percentiles for: Underweight Health weight Overweight Obese
A
Underweight: <5th percentile
Health weight: 5th percentile to below 85th percentile
Overweight: 85th to below 95th
Obese: Equal or above 95th
4
Q
What doesn’t BMI take into account?
A
Muscle mass?
5
Q
Why is BMI useful? (2)
A
1) Provides a reference that can be useful beyond puberty
2) Compares well to lab measurements
6
Q
Newborn weight in grams (range)
A
2700-4000g
7
Q
How many grams in 1 pound?
A
454
8
Q
Newborn length
A
48-53 cm
9
Q
Head circumference at birth
A
33-35 cm
10
Q
Chest circumference at birth
A
2-3 cm less than head circumference
11
Q
Weight gain per week (newborn)
A
5-7 oz per week
12
Q
Length increase per month (newborn)
A
2.5cm/month
13
Q
Increase in head circumference per month:
- For the first three months
- From 3-6 months
A
- 0 -3 mo: 2 cm / month
- 3 to 6 mo: 1 cm / month
14
Q
Newborn: Gross motor (1)
A
May lift head if prone
15
Q
Newborn: Fine motor (1)
A
Holds hands in fists
16
Q
Newborn: Sensor (2)
A
Prefers faces, follows line of vision
17
Q
Sucking reflex disappears:
A
By 12 months (replaced by voluntary)
18
Q
Rooting reflex disappears:
A
After 3-4 months (normal til 12)
19
Q
Palmar reflex disappears:
A
Decreases / becomes voluntary around 3 months
20
Q
Plantar reflex disappears:
A
Starts to disappear around 8 months
21
Q
Babinski reflex disappears:
A
Up to 18 months of age
22
Q
Moro reflex disappears:
A
Starts to disappear around 4 months
23
Q
Tonic neck reflex disappears:
A
Starts to disappear around 6 mo (when turning)
24
Q
Dance / stepping reflex disappears:
A
Disappears in 4-8 week
25
Crawl reflex disappears:
Changes to voluntary at 6 months
26
How much should you bottle feed a newborn (birth to one month)?
60-90 ccs every 2-3 hours
27
How many ounces in once cc?
2-3 ounces per cc
28
How much should you breastfeed an infant (less than one month)?
Every 2-3 hours on demand
29
When does the POSTERIOR fontanel close?
6-8 weeks
30
Fine motor of a 2-4 month old baby (3)
- Holds rattle
- PLAYS WITH FINGERS
- Object to mouth
31
Sensory of a 2-4 month old (2)
- Turns heads to voices (esp mom's)
| - Social smile: 3 months
32
Gross motor: 2-4 months
- Decrease in head lag
| - Sitting
33
When does a baby start giggling?
4 months
34
When does a baby's birth weight double?
6 months
35
When does rolling over occur?
- Belly to back
- Back to belly
- Belly to back: 4 mo
| Back to belly: 6 mo
36
When does the baby start voluntary grabbing things (palmar grasp)?
4-6 months
37
What is the first solid food you should give to an infant?
Cereal: Rice, barley, oatmeal.
38
What is the #1 chronic illness in pediatrics?
Dental carries
39
When do teeth erupt?
Maybe by 6 months
40
What are the first teeth to emerge?
First central incisors
41
Sensory: 4-6 month old (2)
- Separation anxiety
| - Mirrors
42
When does a baby transfer object from hand to hand?
6-8 months
43
When does a baby start to respond to name?
6-8 months
44
When does a baby develop...
- Crude pincer?
- Refined pincer?
- Crude pincer: 6-8 mo
| - Refined pincer: 8-10 mo
45
When does a baby start understanding "no"?
8-10 mo
46
When does head circumference begin to equal chest circumference?
10-12 months
47
When does a baby triple birth weight?
10-12 months
48
How many teeth does a baby have by 1st birthday?
6-8
49
When does a baby wave goodbye?
10-12 mo
50
Sensory is simple commands, peek a boo, patty cake: When?
10-12 mo
51
When can a baby start drinking whole milk?
10-12 mo
52
How much vocab does a baby have by 10-12 mo?
3-5 years, understands "mama" and "dada"
53
When does a baby develop nocturnal sleep?
3-4 months
54
How much of an infant's sleep is REM?
50%
55
Birth to 18 mo: ERIKSON
- Basic Conflict
- Important Events
- Trust v Mistrust
| - Feeding
56
Early childhood (2-3 years)
- Basic Conflict
- Important Events
- Autonomy vs shame and doubt
| - Toilet training
57
Preschool (3-5 years)
- Basic Conflict
- Important Events
- Initiative vs guilt
| - Exploration
58
School age (6-11 years)
- Basic Conflict
- Important Events
- Industry vs Inferiority
| - School
59
Adolescence (12-18 years)
- Basic Conflict
- Important Events
- Identity vs Role confusion
| - Social Relationships
60
At what age does birth weight quadruple?
By age of 2
61
Where in the toddler body does most of growth occur?
TORSO
62
What is the #1 cause of death in toddlers?
ACCIDENTS
63
Fine motor: Toddler (age 1-3) (2)
- Scribbles, copy a circle
| - Dresses self
64
Why should you restrict a toddler's amount of milk? What should you restrict it to?
- Excessive milk consumption makes child full, prevents iron absorption
- Limit to 16-24 oz per day
65
When is sphincter ready for toilet training?
Around 18 months
66
What might a delay in toilet training indicate?
Abuse
67
Piaget: Toddler
Sensorimotor to Preconceptual (Preoperatoinal)
| - Cause and effect, object permanence, imitation, concept of time
68
Where does growth take place for a preschooler?
Long bones
69
Fine motor - Preschooler (4)
- Uses scissors
- Draws circle and square
- Ties shoes
- Draws six part person
70
Vocab # for a preschooler
2,000 words
71
Four types of play for preschooler
o Association Play
o Dramatic Play
o Cooperative Play
o Solitary Play
72
Piaget: Preschool age
Preconceptual (preoperational)
o Magical thinking
Reality vs Fantasy thinking
They think that their thoughts are all-powerful
73
Five things to note about school age growth:
```
o Last period in which boys and girls are close in proportion due to
growth spurts (girls first)
o All body organs fully developed
o Growth spurts
o Jaw changes.
o Permanent teeth
```
74
Three nutrients that school age kids especially need
- Calcium
- Iron
- Protein
75
Piaget- school age
Conc
| rete observational
76
3 characteristics of concrete operational
1) Conservation:
Matter does not change when container changes'
2) Reversibility:
Addition and subtraction
Getting home from school
3) Classification
Interest in collections
77
Three stages of adolescence:
Early: 12-14 years
Middle: 16-17 years
Late: 18-21 years
78
Thelarche
- What
- When
Breast development
- 9-13 years
- About 1 year after growth spurt
79
Adrenarche
- What
- When
Pubic & axillary hair
| - About six months after breast development
80
Menarche
- What
- When
Menses (first menstruation)
- 10.5-15 years
- 2 years after breast development
-
81
When should you be concerned about delayed puberty (2)?
- No breast development by 13
| - No menses as of 4 years after breast development
82
When do boys hit puberty?
9.5 -13.5 years
83
Boys: 3 parts of early puberty
Testicular enlargement
Pubic hair
Thinning and reddening of scrotum
84
Boys: 5 parts of mid puberty
```
Voice changes
Facial and axillary hair
Increase in acne
Increase in muscle mass
Penile enlargement
```
85
Boys: 2 parts of late puberty
Increase in axillary and facial hair
| First ejaculation
86
How do you define "delayed puberty" for boys?
No initial signs of pubral development by the time they’re 13.5-14 years of age
- No testicular or scrotal changes
- No pubic hair
87
Five nutrients to push on adolescents:
```
Protein
Calories
Zinc
Calcium
Iron
```
88
Piaget: Adolescents
FORMAL OPERATIONAL
o Inductive v Deductive Reasoning
o Understand consequences
o Decision making capabilities
89
#1 cause of death in adolescents
Accidents
90
#2 cause of death in adolescents
Suicide
