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Pediatrics- Special Populations > Growth and Development > Flashcards

Growth and Development Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

neonate age

A

birth to 1 mo

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2
Q

infancy

A

1 mo to 1yr

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3
Q

early childhood
toddler
preschool

A

toddler 1-3 yo

preschool 3-5 yo

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4
Q

middle childhood

A

school age 5-10yo

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5
Q

late childhood

A

adolescent 11 to 21 yrs

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6
Q

caloric req for 0-3mo

A

115 kcal/kg/day

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7
Q

caloric req 3-6 mo

A

110kcal/kg/day

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8
Q

caloric req 6mo -3yr

A

100kcal/kg/day

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9
Q

caloric req 4-6yrs

A

90-100 kcal/kg/day

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10
Q

infants lose wt in 1st days of life but they should regain birth weight by___ days of age

A

10-14

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11
Q

infant weight loss in initial days over ___ percent is abnormal

A

10%

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12
Q

nenates average a weight gain of __ ounces per day

A

1 ounce

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13
Q

by 6 mo the infant should have ___ their birth weight

A

doubled

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14
Q

triple birth weight by __yrs of age

A

1

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15
Q

quadruple birth weight by __ yrs of age

A

2 yrs of age

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16
Q

by age 3-4 kids should have at least __ their birth weight

A

doubled

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17
Q

HC increases by __% in the first year of life

A

30%

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18
Q

anterior fontanel is what bones and when does it close

A

between the 2 frontal and 2 parietal bones (diamond shaped)

closes around 12-18 mo

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19
Q

anterior fontanel is the junction of __ sutures

A

sagittal, coronal and frontal sutures

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20
Q

___ closes around end of 2mo

A

posterior fontanel triangle

located btwn occipital and 2 parietal bones

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21
Q

how to measure length birth to 2 yo

A

lying down

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22
Q

when start to measure height standing up?

A

over 2 yrs

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23
Q

at what age can you measure weight using a floor model beam scale?

A

over 2 yrs

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24
Q

when do you measure weight for length?

A

birth to 2yo

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25
when do you begin measuring BMI
2yo -21yrs
26
BMI equation
weight in lbs divided by Ht squared (inches) times 703
27
endocrine disorders that can increase weight
hypothyroidism, cushings, thalamic / pit disorders
28
genetic disorders that can increase weight
Downs syndrome Prader Willi syndrome Laurence - Moon syndrome
29
potential triggers for decreasing weight
``` undernutrition psychosocial deprivation hypothyroidism iron def lead intox HIV immune def failure of major organs ```
30
causes for increased height
``` excess HGH hyperthyrodisim klinefelter syndrome Marfan syndrome Homocystinuria ```
31
causes for decreased height
``` HGH deficiency hypothyroidism chronic anemia chromosomal disorders skeletal dysplasia failure major organ system ```
32
2 main causes of increased head size
Hydrocephalus: primary or secondary to Arnold Chiari malformation Megalencephaly: secondary to CNS dz (neurofibromatosis or tuberous sclerosis), or secondary to metabolic storage dz (Krabbe disease)
33
decreased head size 3 main causes
1. (when fontanel closes prematurely) 2. Prenatal insult (drugs, infxn, birth complications) 3. Chromosome defects
34
development refers to...
progressive increase in skill and capacity of function, measured through observation
35
development occurs in a ___ and __ progression
cephalocaudal and proximodistal progression
36
6 types of development
gross motor, fine motor, cognitive, emotional, language, hearing
37
ambulation in 9-12 mo vs 13-15 mo
older children balance with their hands outstretched
38
palmar vs pincer grasp
Palmar at infancy till 6mo | Pincer grasp at 9 mo (more fine motor / proxomoDISTAL dev)
39
newborn cognitive dev
recognizes facial expressions as similar even on different people
40
cognitive dev 2-6mo
much more social, actively looking around
41
cognitive dev 6-12 mo
discovered hands, learns to manipulate objects, puts everything in their mouth Object permanence
42
at 2-6 mo what is first sign of communication dev
will attach to parents and mimic facial expressions
43
what is the BAER test done at birth?
brainstem audio evoked response
44
weight gain for months 3-6?
2/3 ounces per day
45
at end of infancy what 3 growth things should have happened?
1. 3x body weight 2. increase length by 50% 3. significant increase in brain size and complexity
46
4 major dev goals of infancy
attachment / trust self regulation (feeding, sleeping, calming) adaptation (temperament, goodness of fit in fam, responding to cues) Developmental stimuatlion
47
6 facts 1 mo dev
1. Responds to sound (blink, cry, quieting, startle) 2. Fixates on human face and follows with eyes 3. Moves all extremities 4. flexed posture 5. when crying can usually be consoled by being spoken to or held 6. startle (moro) reflex video
48
6 facts 2 mo dev
1. coos and vocalizes reciprocally 2. attentive to voices 3. shows interest in visual and auditory stimuli 4. smiles responsively 5. in prone position, lifts head, neck, and upper chest with support on forearms, 6. has some head control in upright position
49
8 facts 4 mo
1. babbles and coos 2. smiles laughs squeals 3. prone position holds head upright and raises body on heands 4. rolls over front to back 5. opens hands, holds own hands, grasps rattle 6. controls head well 7. begins to bat at objects 8. spontenous social smile
50
6 mo 10 facts
1. vocalizes single consonants baba dada 2. babbles reciprocally 3. no head lag
51
9 mo facts
1. responds to own name 2. understands few words 3. mama and dada nospecifc 4. stranger anxiety 5. inferior pincer grasp 6. will pull to stand 7. starts to drink from a cup 8. plays peek a boo and pat a cake
52
kids grow___inches per month from 4-6mo
just under 1 inch
53
from 5-8mo they gain about __ weight per month
1 lb / mo
54
posterior fontanel closes around __age
6-8wks
55
anterior fontanel closes around __ age
12-18 months of age
56
eruptation of deciduous teeth stars by age...
5-6mo
57
___ stage has vocab of 3-10 words
early childhood up to 15months
58
milestones for 18 mo
walks quick or runs stiffly throws a ball vocab of 15-20 words follows simple directions
59
early childhood 2yo milestones
vocab up to 20 words, 2 step commands, can go up and down stairs one step at a time makes horizontal or vertical lines with crayons
60
4 yo can throw a ball__
overhand
61
age 3 milestones
``` copies circle / cross self care skills (dressing etc) early imaginative behavior jump in place, kick a ball rides tricycle ```
62
ages 5-10 will gain __ pounds per year, and grow __ inches per year
8 pounds/ yr 2 inches / yr Dentition: permanent teeth erupt during scholl age period starting at 5
63
can control anger by age...
12yrs
64
stages of adolescence
early : 11-14 yo middle: 15-17 late: 18-21

Pediatrics- Special Populations (3 decks)

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