Growth and Development Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is the definition of growth?
A change in size, over a period of time.
What is the definition of development?
The process of growing to maturity
What is the order of human life stages?
1) . Sperm/Egg
2) . Fertilization
3) . Zygote
4) . Blastocyst
5) .Embryo
6) . Fetus
7) . Child
8) . Adolescence
9) . Adult
What are the three germ layers of the embryonic disc?
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
What are the five stages of embryonic development?
Fetilisation Cleavage Gastrulation Neurulation Organogenesis
Why is the head of a newborn very large compared to the rest of their body?
80% of neurons are formed at birth
What is organogenesis?
the process in which the organs and tissues of the body develop from the three germ layers
What are the ages/periods when the fastest growth appears?
Uterus
Birth
Puberty
What are the main hormones responsible for growth spurts?
Growth hormone
Sex hormone
What factors can affect human growth and development?
Prenatal and birth factors Genetic Drugs Illness Environment
What are the most important hormones concerned with growth?
Pituitary growth hormone
Thyroid hormone
Sex hormones (testosterone and oestrogen)
Pituitary gonadotropic hormones (sex stimulating hormones)
Where is the epidermis of the skin derived from? (3 germs)
The ectoderm
What is synaptic pruning?
is the process of weeding out unnecessary synapses and strengthening the important ones, based on the child’s experiences. Most pruning happens between about age 3 and age 16.
How does the hormone thyroid effect growth?
Normal brain development and overall rate of growth
How does the hormone adrenal androgen effect growth?
Changes a puberty in particular the development of secondary sex characteristic in girls
How does the hormone testosterone effect growth?
Formation of males genitals
How does the hormone estradiol effect growth?
Development of the menstrual cycle and breasts in females
How does the hormone pituitary growth hormone effect growth?
Physical maturation
