growth and endocrine Flashcards
what factors influence height ?
age sex race nutrition parental heights puberty skeletal maturity general health chronic disease specific growth disorders socio-economic status emotioanl well-being
what are different measurement techniques ?
length height sitting height head circumference bone age scan compare to growth charts
what are indications for growth disorders being referred ?
extreme heights abnormal height velocity history of chronic disease obvious dysmorphic syndrome early/late puberty
what are pathological causes of short stature ?
undernutrition chronic illness iatrogenic - steroids psychological and social hormonal - GHD, hypothyroid syndromes - Turner, P-W
what tests should be done for short stature ?
FBC, ferritin U&Es, LFT, Ca, CRP coeliac serology and IgA IGF-1, TFT, prolactin, cortisol karyotype
how is puberty staged ?
Tanner method
Breast development 1-5 genital development 1-5 pubic hair 1-5 axillary hair 1-3 testicle size 2-20ml
what is early and delayed puberty for girls and boys ?
boys - <9 early, >14 delayed
girls - <8 early, >13 delayed
what causes delayed puberty ?
gonadal dysgenesis - turner/klinefelter
chronic disease - IBD, asthma
impaired HPG axis
peripheral - testicular irradiation
what causes congenital hypothyroidism ?
athyreosis/hypoplastic/ectopic
dyshormonogenic
what are symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis ?
nausea + vomiting abdominal pain ketotic breath drowsiness rapid, deep sighing respiration coma
if an undiagnosed child has a prick test of glucose >11mmol/l what should you do ?
phone for a same day review from specialist paediatric diabetes team
