Growth and heath

Question 1

Types of Growth

Answer 1

Cephalocaudal

Proximodistal

Question 2

What is Cephalocaudal growth

Answer 2

From head to foot

Question 3

What is Proximodistal growth

Answer 3

From in to out
Centre control before extremities

Question 4

Secular growth trends:

Answer 4

generational changes in physical development

Question 5

Mechanisms of physical growth

Answer 5

1. sleep
2. proper nutriton

Question 6

Why is sleep important to physical growth

Answer 6

80% of growth hormone secreted during sleep

Question 7

When do people go through picky eating

Answer 7

Many preschoolers go through phases of picky eating

Question 8

What strategy to deal with picky eating

Answer 8

Satter’s division of responsibility

Question 9

Explain Satter’s division of responsibility

Answer 9

Recommended approach to picky eating
Allow children to eat in any order they want
Present but don’t force new foods
Don’t pressure children to finish whole plate
Don’t focus on what childs eating/not eating
Never use food as reward/punishment

Question 10

What is the most important thing to do when dealing with picky eating

Answer 10

Never use food as reward/punishment

Question 11

Puberty:

Answer 11

Biological start of adolescence

Question 12

Primary sex characteristics

Answer 12

Primary: involved in reproduction

Question 13

Secondary sex characteristics

Answer 13

Secondary: not involved in reproduction

Question 14

Is sexual maturation the same timing for boys and girls

Answer 14

Events and timing of sexual maturation differ for boys and girls

Question 15

What determines the onset of puberty (3)

Answer 15

1. Genes
2. Nutrition
3. Health

Question 16

How do genes determine the onset of puberty

Answer 16

Identical twins hit puberty closer together compared to fraternal twins

Question 17

How does nutrition determine the onset of puberty

Answer 17

More reliable nutrition = earlier period

Question 18

How does health determine the onset of puberty

Answer 18

Chronic stress = earlier age of menarche

Question 19

Menarche

Answer 19

First period

Question 20

How does early maturation affect worse

Answer 20

Girls - maturing earlier worse

Question 21

Who does late maturation affect worse

Answer 21

Boys - maturing late worse

Question 22

Why is early maturation bad for girls

Answer 22

Affects self confidence, increased risk of depression, substance use and teen pregnancy

Can be only girl in grade looking extremely different

Question 23

Malnutrition

Answer 23

Disorder caused by malnourishment

Question 24

Malnourishment

Answer 24

Not getting enough nourishing food

Question 25

Who is at a higher risk of experiencing food insecurity

Answer 25

Racialized groups and Indigenous peoples at higher risk of experiencing food insecurity

Question 26

What amount of Canadians skip breakfast regularly

Answer 26

1:3 Canadian children skip breakfast regularly due to food insecurity, stress, and/or eating habits

Question 27

Anorexia

Answer 27

Persistent refusal to eat and irrational fear of being overweight and gaining wait

Question 28

Bulimia

Answer 28

Controlled eating and purging (throwing up food or taking laxatives)

Question 29

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Answer 29

Persistent dissatisfaction with perceived body shape

Question 30

Overweight:

Answer 30

BMI between 85th and 95th percentile

Question 31

Obesity:

Answer 31

BMI over 95th percentile

Question 32

Social determinants of health

Answer 32

Heredity, parental influences, sedentary lifestyle, too little sleep

Question 33

Neuron:

Answer 33

basic unit of nervous system, receives and transmits information Brain and spinal cord cells

Question 34

Cell body:

Answer 34

contains the basic biological machinery that keeps the neuron alive

Question 35

Dendrite, axon, myeli:n important for:

Answer 35

communication between neurons

Question 36

Neurotransmitters:

Answer 36

chemicals that carry information to neurons across synapsis

Question 37

Synapses:

Answer 37

gap between neurons

Question 38

Types of neurons (3)

Answer 38

Sensory, motor neurons, interneurons

Question 39

What does structure of neurons determine

Answer 39

Structure determines function

Question 40

Cerebral cortex

Answer 40

wrinkled surface of brain

Question 41

What hemispheres are in the cerebral cortex

Answer 41

Consists of right and left hemispheres

Question 42

What links the R and L hemispheres in the cerebral cortex

Answer 42

corpus callosum (squisky tissue)

Question 43

Role of Frontal cortex

Answer 43

Controls personality and ability to carry out plans

Question 44

What are Lobes

Answer 44

Major area of the cortexes assosiated with different types of behavior

Question 45

What are the 4 lobes in the brain

Answer 45

Frontal lobe Partial lope Optical lobe Temporal lobe

Question 46

When does the neural plate form

Answer 46

3 weeks after conception, embryo period

Question 47

What does the neural plate fold into

Answer 47

Folds into neural tube

Question 48

What is Neurogenesis

Answer 48

Proliferation of neurons through cell division Most neurogenesis complete at birth

Question 49

What is Synaptogenesis

Answer 49

Formation of synapses/connections between neurons

Question 50

What is synaptic pruning

Answer 50

Weeding out unnecessary neurons

Question 51

Mylin:

Answer 51

Sheath that forms around nerves

Question 52

Why is mylinization useful, when does it start?

Answer 52

Mylinization: starts before birth and continues through adolescence riesling in improved coordination and reaction times

Question 53

What is brain plasticity

Answer 53

Extent to which brain organization is flexible

Question 54

Explain experince-expected growth, what does it result in, when does it happen

Answer 54

Developing in response to universal experiences Ex. Exposure to light, pattern, sounds and voices Results in synaptic pruning Happens during critical developmental periods

Question 55

Explain experince-dependent growth, what does it result in, when does it happen

Answer 55

Developing in response to unique, individual experiences Ex. exposure to playing a musical instrument Creating new synaptic connections Lifelong